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Juyin Mulkin Sudan na 2021

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentJuyin Mulkin Sudan na 2021

Map
 15°30′10″N 32°33′45″E / 15.5028°N 32.5625°E / 15.5028; 32.5625
Iri coup d'état (en) Fassara
Bangare na Sudanese transition to democracy (en) Fassara
Kwanan watan 25 Oktoba 2021
Ƙasa Sudan
Participant (en) Fassara
Adadin waɗanda suka rasu 40
Adadin waɗanda suka samu raunuka 140

A ranar 25 ga Oktoban 2021 ne sojojin Sudan karkashin jagorancin Janar Abdel Fattah al-Burhan suka kwace iko da gwamnatin Sudan a wani juyin mulkin soji . Akalla manyan jami’an gwamnati biyar ne aka tsare da farko. Firaministan farar hula Abdalla Hamdok ya ki bayyana goyon bayan juyin mulkin kuma a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba ya yi kira ga al'ummar kasar da su bijirewa; an tsare shi a gidan kaso a ranar 26 ga Oktoba. An ba da rahoton katsewar Intanet . Daga baya a wannan rana, Majalisar Mulki ta rushe, an kafa dokar ta-baci, kuma an kama yawancin majalisar ministocin Hamdok da wasu magoya bayan gwamnati. As of 5 Nuwamba 2021 , jerin wadanda aka tsare sun hada da "Minitocin gwamnati, 'yan jam'iyyun siyasa, lauyoyi, masu rajin kare hakkin jama'a, 'yan jarida, masu kare hakkin bil'adama, da kuma shugabannin zanga-zangar", wadanda aka tsare a wurare na sirri, ba tare da samun damar yin amfani da iyalansu ko lauyoyi ba.

Manyan kungiyoyin farar hula da suka hada da kungiyar kwararru ta Sudan da kuma dakarun 'yanci da sauyi sun yi kira da a nuna rashin biyayya ga fararen hula da kuma kin ba da hadin kai ga masu shirya juyin mulkin. An fara zanga-zangar adawa da juyin mulkin a ranakun 25 da 26 ga watan Oktoba kuma a kalla fararen hula 10 ne sojoji suka kashe tare da jikkata sama da 140 a ranar farko ta zanga-zangar. An ci gaba da zanga-zanga da yajin aiki, inda masu zanga-zanga 200,000 zuwa 2,000,000 suka hallara a kewayen Sudan a ranar 30 ga Oktoba da jami'an tsaro suka harbe 15 a zanga-zangar da kwamitocin adawa na Sudan suka shirya a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Ma'aikatar Yada Labarai da Ofishin Firayim Minista sun ki amincewa da mika mulki, inda suka bayyana cewa juyin mulkin laifi ne kuma Hamdok ya ci gaba da zama Firayim Minista. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da zama mamba a Sudan, har sai an dawo kan karagar mulkin gwamnatin Hamdok. A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, Tarayyar Turai, Amurka da sauran kasashen yammacin duniya sun bayyana cewa sun ci gaba da amincewa da majalisar ministocin Hamdok a matsayin "shugabannin kundin tsarin mulki na gwamnatin rikon kwarya" kuma sun dage kan jakadunsu su sami damar shiga Hamdok.

Da yake fuskantar tirjiya daga ciki da waje, al-Burhan ya bayyana aniyarsa ta maido da majalisar ministocin Hamdok a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, ko da yake firaministan da ya hambare ya ki amincewa da wannan tayin na farko, yana mai mai da duk wani karin tattaunawa da ya shafi cikakken maido da tsarin kafin juyin mulkin. [1] A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2021, Hamdok da al-Burhan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya mai maki 14 wacce ta maido da Hamdok a matsayin firayim minista tare da bayyana cewa za a saki dukkan fursunonin siyasa. Kungiyoyin farar hula da suka hada da Forces for Freedom and Change da kungiyar kwararrun Sudan sun yi watsi da yarjejeniyar, tare da kin ci gaba da raba madafun iko da sojoji. [2] Hamdok ya yi murabus a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2022 a ci gaba da zanga-zangar.

Fage

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2019 juyin mulki da juyin juya hali

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A watan Afrilun shekarar 2019 ne sojoji suka hambarar da shugaba Omar al-Bashir, wanda ya mulki kasar tun bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1989, bayan shafe makwanni ana zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnatin rikon kwarya (TMC). An ci gaba da zanga-zangar na wasu watanni. An yi kisan kiyashi a birnin Khartoum a watan Yuni. Masu zanga-zangar da aka wakilta ta Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) sun amince da yarjejeniyar raba madafun iko da sojoji, inda suka kafa Majalisar Mulki a watan Agusta 2019 da gwamnatin Abdalla Hamdok a watan Nuwamba 2019. Bisa yarjejeniyar TMC-FFC, tsarin mika mulki zai dauki shekaru uku da watanni uku. Wani soja ne zai jagoranci Majalisar Mulki na tsawon watanni 21, sannan kuma shugaban farar hula na watanni 18. An shirya mika ragamar mulki a watan Nuwamba 2021. [3]

Yunkurin juyin mulkin watan Satumba

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A watan Satumbar 2021, gwamnati ta dakile yunkurin juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi. A cewar ministan yada labaran, wadanda suka aikata wannan aika-aika “raguwar tsohuwar gwamnatin ne” wadanda suka yi kokarin mamaye gine-ginen gidajen talabijin na gwamnati da kuma babban kwamandan sojan kasar. Bayan faruwar lamarin, an kama jami’ai 40. [4] [5] Tun daga wannan lokacin ne ake takun-saka tsakanin sojoji da shugabannin farar hula yayin da shugabannin sojoji suka fara neman a yi wa kawancen FFC garambawul tare da neman a sauya majalisar ministocin.

Oktoba 2021 zanga-zangar gabanin juyin mulkin

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A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, an gudanar da zanga-zangar goyon bayan sojoji da Yarjejeniya Ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa ta shirya a Khartoum, inda masu zanga-zangar suka bukaci juyin mulkin soja. An ba su damar isa kofar fadar shugaban kasa tare da ‘yan sanda sakaci. Sun yi kira ga Janar Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, shugaban majalisar mulkin mallaka, da ya kwace iko da kasar. Masu zanga-zangar goyon bayan sojoji sun ci gaba da zama a wajen fadar shugaban kasa a birnin Khartoum har zuwa ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba.

A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, dubban ɗaruruwan na masu zanga-zangar goyon bayan farar hula a biranen Sudan da suka haɗa da Khartoum, Omdurman, Port Sudan da Atbara sun fito kan tituna don nuna goyon baya ga gwamnatin farar hula. Bayan zanga-zangar, Ibrahim al-Sheikh, wani jigo a FFC, ya yi kira ga al-Burhan da ya yi murabus, yana mai cewa al-Burhan ya ba da umarnin yin amfani da karfi a zaman da masu zanga-zangar suka yi duk da cewa ya yi alkawarin ba zai yi hakan ba. FFC tana da batutuwa guda biyar na rashin jituwa da shugabannin sojoji: sake fasalin tsaro, ayyukan kasuwanci na soja, kafa kotun tsarin mulki, nada babban lauya da babban mai shari'a, da kuma mika shugabancin Majalisar Mulki ga farar hula.

A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, masu zanga-zangar goyon bayan sojoji sun toshe wasu hanyoyi da gadoji a Khartoum. Jami’an tsaro sun yi amfani da hayaki mai sa hawaye wajen tarwatsa taron.

Tattaunawa da yunkurin juyin mulki

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Firaministan Sudan Abdalla Hamdok ya yi kokarin yin shawarwari tsakanin kungiyoyin farar hula da na soji bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi a watan Satumba .

A ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, Janar Hemetti ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da gidan talabijin na Al Jazeera English cewa a yayin tattaunawar, Hamdok da sojoji sun gabatar da shawarwari, kuma Hamdok ya san shirin juyin mulkin da aka aiwatar daga baya. Hemetti ya bayyana cewa, "Abin da ya faru a ranar 25 ga Oktoba shi ne babban sakamako na dogon lokaci. An yi tataunawa da yawa, kuma an gabatar da tsare-tsare da yawa... An bar mu da zabi guda uku, wanda mafi kyawunsu shi ne matakin da muka dauka, kuma ya amince da shi kansa Firayim Minista. Ba mu yi irin wannan mataki da kanmu ba." A baya dai Hamdok ya musanta cewa yana sane da shirin juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi.

Abubuwan da suka faru

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Juyin mulki ya faru kuma an rushe gwamnati

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A kusan asuba a ranar 25 Oktoba 2021,[6] sojojin Sudan sun kama aƙalla manyan jami'an gwamnati guda biyar. Daga baya, an ruwaito katsewar intanet a fadin kasar.[7][8]

A cewar wani shaidar gani da ido daga Reuters, mambobin Rundunar Tallafin Gaggawa suna tsaye a kan titunan Khartoum a lokacin juyin mulkin.[9]

Janar Abdel Fattah al-Burhan

Daga baya a wannan rana, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan ya bayyana dokar ta-baci kuma ya sanar da rushe gwamnatin da Majalisar Mulki.[10] A cikin wani jawabi ta talabijin, ya bayyana cewa sabuwar gwamnati ta kwararru za ta jagoranci kasar har zuwa zaben da za a yi a Yuli 2023.[11] Washegari bayan juyin mulkin, al-Burhan ya ce matakin da ya dauka an yi shi ne don kauce wa yakin basasa a Sudan. Ya bayyana cewa ba su da wani zabi illa kama 'yan siyasar da ake zargi da tada fitina akan sojoji.[12] Al-Burhan ya musanta cewa ya gudanar da juyin mulki, ya ce kawai yana ƙoƙarin gyara hanyar mulkin sauyi ne.[13]

A cewar Sudan Tribune, al-Burhan ya sauya gwamnoni, sakatarorin ma’aikatu, shugabannin bankuna da hukumomin gwamnati da mambobin Jam’iyyar National Congress Party da ta mulki a lokacin tsohon shugaban kasa Omar al-Bashir.[14]

Kame mambobin gwamnati

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Sojoji sun saka Firayim Ministan farar hula Abdallah Hamdok a gidan yari bayan sun kewaye gidansa.[15] An matsa masa lamba ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin amma ya ki. Ya yi kira ga 'yan Sudan da su bijire da kare juyin juya halinsu. Saboda kin goyon bayansa, an kwashe Hamdok da matarsa zuwa wani wuri da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 25 Oktoba.[6] A ranar 26 Oktoba, al-Burhan ya ce yana tsare da Hamdok a gidansa ne don kare shi daga haɗari.[12]

A ranar 25 Oktoba, Ministan Masana'antu Ibrahim al-Sheikh, gwamnan Khartoum Ayman Khalid da Ministan Yada Labarai Hamza Baloul suma an tsare su.[15][4] An kama mamban Majalisar Mulki Mohammed al-Fiky Suliman da mai ba Firayim Minista shawara kan harkokin yada labarai Faisal Mohammed Saleh ma.[16] As of 25 Oktoba 2021, ba a san inda ake tsare da su ba.[17] Rahotanni sun nuna cewa an jibge sojoji a fadin babban birnin, suna takaita zirga-zirgar fararen hula. An dakatar da tashi da saukar jiragen sama na duniya bayan rufe filin jirgin saman Khartoum.[8]

Hukuma ga juyin mulki, kama da kashe fararen hula

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Juyin mulkin ya gamu da adawa daga ‘yan kasar Sudan da ke goyon bayan dimokuraɗiyya, inda wasu daga cikinsu suka fito titunan Khartoum don yin zanga-zanga.[18]

Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Sudan da Ƙungiyar 'Yanci da Sauyi sun nemi a gudanar da yajin aiki da kin bin umarnin mulkin soja.[19] Jam’iyyar National Umma ta soki kame ministoci tare da kira ga jama’a su fito su nuna adawa a titi.[4] Jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta Sudan ta bukaci yajin aiki da yaki da juyin mulki ta hanyar kin bin doka.[4]

Bayan kama Firayim Minista da shugabannin farar hula, masu zanga-zanga sun fara taruwa a titunan Khartoum, suna hura tayoyi da gina katanga a tituna.[20]

Suna ɗaga taken "mutane sun fi ƙarfi", "komawa mulkin soja ba zai yiwu ba", da "mu 'yan juyin juya hali ne. Muna da 'yanci. Za mu kammala tafiyar." Wasu makarantu, bankuna da kamfanoni sun rufe.[21]

An ji harbe-harbe a Khartoum a ranar 25 ga Oktoba.[18] Ma’aikatar Bayani ta ce an yi amfani da harsashi na gaske wajen tarwatsa masu zanga-zanga.[11] Sojoji sun kokarta cire katangar da masu zanga-zanga suka gina kuma sun kai hari kan fararen hula.[19] Kwamitin Likitocin Sudan ya ce akalla mutane uku sun mutu bayan an bude musu wuta a gaban hedkwatar sojoji a Khartoum, kuma fiye da mutane 80 sun ji rauni.[18] An kashe mutane bakwai, fiye da 140 sun ji rauni.[22][23]

Sojoji da wasu mutane a kayan fararen hula sun dukan masu zanga-zanga a titi, wasu sun ji rauni sosai, wasu kuma an buge su da motoci.[24] Likitocin Khartoum sun ce sun ƙi buƙatar sojoji da ke rike da bindiga da ke son karɓar marasa lafiya.[24]

Jami’an tsaro sun shiga gidaje suna kama shugabannin zanga-zanga.[25] Ƙungiyar Likitocin Gwagwarmaya ta ce asibitin Royal Care da ke kusa da hedkwatar soja na bukatar jinin gaggawa. An kama masu zanga-zanga 300.[26]

An fitar da jadawalin “Ƙarin Tsauraran Matakai na Juyin Juya Hali” wanda ya hada da zaman dirshan a manyan hanyoyi, gaban ginin gwamnati da ofisoshin jakadanci, da kuma zanga-zangar dare daga 29 ga Oktoba da manyan zanga-zanga a ranar 30 a fadin Sudan domin kira da a mika mulki ga fararen hula.[26]

Zanga-zanga ta ci gaba a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, inda ake rufe hanyoyi da kona tayoyi.[26] A Geneina, makarantu, shaguna da gidajen mai sun rufe saboda yajin aiki.[12] An gudanar da zanga-zanga a Omdurman, Atbara, Dongola, El-Obeid, Port Sudan, Gezira da Jihar Tekun Ja.[18]

A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, an gudanar da zanga-zangar “Marches of the Millions” a fadin kasar domin nuna adawa da juyin mulki.[27]

An ci gaba da zanga-zanga a ranar 31 Oktoba, inda jami'an tsaro suka kai farmaki kan masu zanga-zanga suka rushe katanga, amma masu zanga-zanga suka dawo suka gina su. Hukumomin gwamnati da na ilimi da bankuna da shaguna duk sun kasance a rufe. Ƙungiyoyin juriya da Ƙungiyar Ma’aikatan Bankunan Sudan da Kungiyar Lauyoyin Dimokuraɗiyya sun bukaci ci gaba da yajin aiki.[28]

A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, an kama mambobin FFC guda uku bayan ganawa da shugaban UNITAMS, Volker Perthes.[29] A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, jerin sunayen wadanda aka tsare ya hada da ministocin gwamnati, 'yan siyasa, lauyoyi, 'yan jarida, da masu rajin kare hakkin dan adam.[30]

A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, an gudanar da manyan zanga-zanga a Khartoum, Wad Madani, Atbara, El Fasher da Port Sudan. An kashe mutane 15 da harbin bindiga, jami’an tsaro sun kuma hana jinya ga masu rauni.[31] The Guardian ta bayyana wannan a matsayin mafi muni a cikin dukkan farmakin da aka yi tun bayan juyin mulki.[32]

Katsewar Intanet

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Bayan juyin mulkin, an sami katsewar Intanet a Sudan kamar yadda kungiyoyin sa ido suka bayyana, ciki har da NetBlocks. Ma’aikatar Bayani ta tabbatar da hakan daga bisani.[4] Ƙungiyar ‘Yan Jarida ta Sudan ta bayyana cewa an yanke Intanet ne domin jami’an tsaro su ci gaba da aikata laifuka ba tare da shaidar bidiyo ba.[33] A ranar 9 Nuwamba, kotu a Khartoum ta umarci kamfanonin sadarwa su dawo da intanet nan take.[34]

Gidan Talabijin

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Gidan talabijin mallakin gwamnati ya ci gaba da aiki kamar yadda aka saba.[16]

Ma’aikatu da Jakadanci

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Mariam al-Mahdi, Ministar Harkokin Wajen Sudan ta ce juyin mulkin bai da tushe kuma za su ci gaba da juriya ta hanyar lumana. Ta ce kamun Hamdok "ya matuƙar daɗi da rashin yarda da shi."[6] Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta goyi bayan bayaninta.[35]

A ranar 25 Oktoba, Ma’aikatar Bayani ta bayyana cewa Hamdok ne har yanzu sahihin jagoran mulkin rikon kwarya a kasar kuma ta bukaci sakin sa da sauran jami’an gwamnati.[36]

A ranar 30 Oktoba, gwamnatin Hamdok ta fitar da sanarwa cewa ba za su yi wa sojoji tarayya a mulki ba.[37]

Jakadun Sudan na Faransa, Belgium da Switzerland sun bayyana goyon bayan su ga fararen hula da suka fito zanga-zanga.[35] Haka kuma, jakadun Sudan a China, South Africa, Qatar, Kuwait da UAE sun rattaba hannu.[38] As of 28 Oktoba 2021, jakadu 42 da diflomas 21 sun rattaba hannu. Al-Burhan ya sauke jakadu guda biyar daga aikinsu.[39]

Tattaunawa da sulhu

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A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, al-Burhan ya gana da Volker Perthes, Wakilin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da shugaban Hukumar Taimakon Tashoshin Wuce Gari na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Sudan (UNITAMS), a birnin Khartoum. Ofishin yada labarai na sojoji ya bayyana ganawar da cewa tana neman hanyoyin fita daga rikicin domin samar da zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a kasar. Perthes kuma ya bukaci a koma ga tattaunawa mai zurfi da gaggawa don dawo da hadin gwiwa bisa kundin tsarin mulki da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Juba.[40] A ranar gobe, al-Burhan ya bayyana ta hanyar rediyo cewa za a bai wa Hamdok damar komawa matsayin Firayim Minista tare da kafa majalisar ministoci na zabe. Sai dai Hamdok ya ki amincewa da tayin farko, yana mai cewa zai dawo ne kawai idan an dawo da tsarin da ya gabata kafin juyin mulki. Al-Burhan ya mayar da martani da bayar da shirin kafa sabuwar gwamnati da kwararren masani mai zaman kansa. Wasu masu lura da al'amura sun yi amannar cewa, duk da kokarin sulhu na cikin gida da na kasa da kasa tsakanin bangaren al-Burhan da kungiyoyin farar hula, ba a sami gagarumin ci gaba ba, duba da yadda yawancin al’ummar Sudan ba su da niyyar komawa tsarin raba iko da ya kasance kafin juyin mulki.[1]

Perthes ya gana da Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemetti), mataimakin shugaban Kwamitin Mulki na Sudan a karkashin tsarin rikon kwarya na gabanin juyin mulki, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba. Wakilan Masar sun tuntubi al-Burhan da Hemetti.[41]

Mayar da Firayim Minista

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A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2021, an maido da Hamdok a matsayin Firayim Minista bayan cimma yarjejeniyar siyasa da babban janar din Sudan Abdel Fattah al-Burhan don dawo da tsarin mulkin farar hula. Yarjejeniyar mai maki 14 ta bukaci sakin dukkan 'yan siyasa da aka kama yayin juyin mulki, tare da tabbatar da cewa sanarwar tsarin mulki ta 2019 ita ce tushen canjin siyasa. Sai dai hadakar farar hula ta Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC), wadda ke da hannu a gwamnati tare da soja, da kungiyar Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) duk sun yi watsi da yarjejeniyar.[42] Gagarumin taron masu zanga-zanga ya kuma fito kan titi don nuna adawa da kowace yarjejeniya da soja.[43]

A ranar 11 ga Disamba 2021, Perthes ya gabatar da jawabi ga Kwamitin Tsaro na MDD game da halin da ake ciki a Sudan bayan dawo da Hamdok. A cikin rahotonsa, ya bayyana cewa:[44]

Shuwagabannin soja da na siyasa na Sudan za su fi bukatar sake gina amana da 'yan kasar su, musamman matasa. Matakan gina amana nan take da irin jajircewa ta gani don mayar da kasar kan tafarkin mulkin dimokradiyya za su zama muhimmai. Haka nan hukumomin Sudan za su bukaci daukar matakai na bayyanawa domin dawo da goyon bayan kudi, tattalin arziki da siyasa daga al'umma ta kasa da kasa.

— Volker Perthes, Security Council briefing on the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan

Daga bisani Hamdok ya yi murabus a watan Janairun 2022 bayan an kashe mutane biyu a wata sabuwar zanga-zangar neman dimokradiyya.[45][46]

Matsalolin doka

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A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, lauyoyi 27 da kungiyoyin farar hula 12 ciki har da Kungiyar Likitocin Sudan, Ƙungiyar Ƙwadago ta Bankuna, Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Darfur, Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Dutsen Nuba, Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi Mata don Sauyi, Kungiyar "A’a ga Danniya kan Mata", Kungiyar MANSAM (Mata 'yan kungiyoyin farar hula da siyasa na Sudan), da Cibiyar Khatim Adlan don Wayar da Kai (KACE) sun bukaci al-Burhan da ya mutunta takardar tsarin mulki.[47] A ra’ayinsu, bayyana dokar-ta-baci da al-Burhan ya yi, ko a matsayinsa na shugaban Kwamitin Mulki ko a matsayin Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Sudan, ya saba doka, kuma dakatar da sashe na 11, 12, 15, 16 da 24, da ƙayyadadden abubuwa na 3, 71 da 72 na takardar tsarin mulki ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.[48]

Nazari

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A cewar jaridar The New York Times, wasu daga cikin dalilan da suka sa sojoji suka dakatar da sauyin mulki zuwa dimokuraɗiyya sun hada da fargabar fuskantar tuhumar manyan laifukan yaki a ƙasa ko a duniya da kuma rasa ikon da suke da shi akan harkar zinariya.[21]

Jonas Horner na ƙungiyar International Crisis Group ya yi hasashen cewa za a samu babbar adawa daga fararen hula kan juyin mulkin, kuma ya yi imanin cewa sojoji sun yi ƙananan hasashe game da ƙarfin yajin aiki daga jama'a. Ya ce, "Sojojin ba su koyi darasi ba. Kamar yadda muka gani bayan juyin juya hali da bayan faduwar Bashir, jama’a sun dage, kuma fararen hula suna shirin mutuwa don kare wannan gwagwarmayar."[12]

Alex de Waal, masani a fannin siyasar Afirka kuma shugaban cibiyar World Peace Foundation, ya bayyana cewa akwai dalilai da dama da suka sa al-Burhan da Hemetti suka aiwatar da juyin mulkin. Bisa tsarin mulkin shekara 39 na sauyin mulki zuwa dimokuraɗiyya da aka amince da shi a 2019 tsakanin sojoji da fararen hula,[47] za a mika shugabancin Kwamitin Mulki ga ɗan farar hula wanda Ƙungiyar ’Yanci da Sauyi za ta zaɓa a watan Nuwamba 2021. Wannan zai iya sanya al-Burhan da Hemetti fuskantar shari’ar Kotun Duniya ta Manyan Laifuka kan tuhumar aikata laifukan yaki, laifuka kan ɗan adam da kisan kare dangi da aka yi wa tsohon shugaban Sudan Omar al-Bashir.[49]

Haka kuma, suna iya fuskantar tuhuma a binciken kisan gilla na Khartoum na 3 ga Yuni 2019 wanda Nabil Adib ke jagoranta.[50][49]

A ra’ayin de Waal, bayan an mika shugabancin kwamitin mulki ga fararen hula, al-Burhan da Hemetti za su iya rasa ikon da sojoji ke da shi akan kasafin kuɗi na ƙasa. Hakanan, kwamitin warware tsarin mulki na 30 ga Yuni 1989 da yaki da cin hanci da satar dukiyar jama’a zai iya fallasa manyan harkokin kasuwanci da ke hannun sojoji. De Waal ya ce juyin mulkin wani "caca" ne da ba zai kawo mafita ba illa jefa ƙasa cikin rudani da zubar da jini da kuma rasa karbuwa a duniya.[49]

Oscar Rickett a jaridar Middle East Eye ya ce Hemetti na daga cikin muhimman mutane da suka shirya juyin mulkin, inda sojojinsa ke a titi suna kashe da raunata fararen hula, alhali shi yana boye a bayan fage.[51] Diblomasiyoyi da dama da jama'a na kallon Hemetti a matsayin wanda ke bayan juyin mulkin, amma yana jira ganin yadda al'amura za su kaya, kamar yadda ya yi a 2019 lokacin da ya sauya daga goyon bayan Bashir zuwa kama shi.

Duk al-Burhan da Hemetti sun kasance manyan amintattun Bashir lokacin mulkinsa. Rickett ya ce sun kwashi albarkatun Sudan tsawon shekaru. As of Oktoba 2021, a ra’ayinsa, al-Burhan, wanda aka horar a birnin Cairo, yana samun goyon baya daga Masar, yayin da Hemetti da ’yan uwansa masu zinariya da ke tura dakarunsu zuwa yaki a Yemen suna samun goyon baya daga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Saudiyya.

Rickett ya ce dukkansu dole ne su aiwatar da juyin mulki domin kare iko da dukiyarsu da kuma kauce wa fuskantar tuhuma daga kotun duniya. Nesrine Malik ta bayyana damuwa cewa kisan gilla kamar wanda ya faru a Masar a Rabaa a 2013 na iya faruwa idan Hemetti ya maye gurbin al-Burhan. Rickett ya bayyana Hemetti a matsayin wanda "ya san cewa jama’ar Sudan ba sa son sa," kuma "yana sane da cewa juyin mulkin na tangal-tangal, mutane kuma sun dage," yana jira ya ga yadda zai dauki mataki.[51]

A wani nazari da aka wallafa a Eurasia Review, James M. Dorsey ya bayyana cewa Yarima mai jiran gado na Abu Dhabi Mohammed bin Zayed da Mataimakin Firayim Ministan UAE Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan sun tallafa wa ‘yan gwagwarmaya da kungiyoyin ‘yan tawaye bayan kifar da Bashir a 2019. Wani tsohon shugaban leken asirin Sudan da ke zaune a Abu Dhabi, Janar Abdel Ghaffar al-Sharif, ya taimaka wa Sheikh Mansour a bayan fage.[52]

UAE da Saudiyya sun yi alkawarin tallafin dala biliyan 3 bayan kifar da Bashir,[53] kuma a maimakon haka, sojojin Sudan da na RSF sun shiga yakin Yemen da Libya tare da dakarun Saudiyya da UAE.

Dorsey ya ce zuwa Oktoba 2021, kasancewar wasu bangarorin sojojin Sudan suna samun goyon baya daga UAE ya sa UAE ta goyi bayan juyin mulki, tana kuma adawa da Hamdok, wanda suka kalla a matsayin "cikin ƙashi a cikin sassan rundunar soja."[52] Tsohon Ministan Kuɗi na Sudan, Ibrahim al-Badawi, ya bayyana cewa kudaden da aka samu daga fitar da nama zuwa Saudiyya an karkatar da su zuwa asusun sojoji, kuma wata kamfani da ke Switzerland na karɓar kudin hukumar kula da jiragen sama da kai su asusun banki na UAE.[52]

UAE ta taka rawa wajen tursasa Sudan ta amince da Isra’ila, bayan UAE ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Abraham Accords. UAE ta shirya wani ganawa a sirrance tsakanin Firayim Ministan Isra’ila Benjamin Netanyahu da Janar al-Burhan a farkon 2020, ba tare da Hamdok ba.[54]

Martanin ƙasashen duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Sin Kakakin ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Sin, Wang Wenbin, a ranar Litinin ya ce Beijing ta yi kira ga "ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa a Sudan su warware sabani ta hanyar tattaunawa da kiyaye zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali na ƙasa." Ya ce "China za ta ci gaba da bibiyar ci gaban lamarin kuma za ta ɗauki matakan da suka dace don tabbatar da tsaron cibiyoyin Sin da mutane a Sudan."
  • Misra Masar "ta buƙaci dukkan ɓangarori su yi aiki don tabbatar da 'kwanciyar hankali da tsaro'" da kuma "ba da fifiko ga muradun ƙasa da daidaituwar ra’ayi na ƙasa."
  • Saudi Arebiya Saudiyya ta yi kira da a "daure" da kuma a "haɗa kai tsakanin ɓangarorin siyasar Sudan don kiyaye ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki da aka samu."
  • Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi kira da a tabbatar da "kwanciyar hankali."
  • Baharen Bahrain ta bayyana "ƙwarin gwiwa" cewa 'yan Sudan za su "fita daga cikin rikicin ta hanyar tattaunawa da fahimtar juna."[55]
  • Russia Rasha ta bayyana cewa "ƙasashen waje" sun tsoma baki a harkar Sudan. Ministan harkokin wajen Rasha, Sergey Lavrov, ya ce juyin mulkin "na da tushe ne daga kura-kuran gwamnatin wucin gadi."[56]

Adawa da juyin mulkin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An la’anci juyin mulkin da kuma kisan masu zanga-zanga a Sudan daga wasu membobin ƙungiyar ƙasashen duniya.[57][58]

  • Tarayyar Amurka Amurka ta la’anci juyin mulkin tare da yin kira ga sojojin Sudan da su saki shugabannin farar hula nan da nan, su daina amfani da karfi kan masu zanga-zanga, kuma su dawo da gwamnatin wucin gadi. Shugaba Biden ya la’anci matakin sojoji yana mai cewa, "Sakonmu ga hukumomin soja na Sudan ba shi da wata shakka: dole ne a bar jama'ar Sudan su zanga-zanga cikin lumana, kuma a dawo da gwamnatin wucin gadi da fararen hula ke jagoranta."[59] Amurka ta dakatar da dala miliyan 700 na tallafin tattalin arziki ga Sudan.[60][61] Haka kuma juyin mulkin ya sami suka daga hukumomin Faransa, Jamus da Birtaniya.[62][63][64]
  • France Shugaban Faransa, Emmanuel Macron, ya la’anci juyin mulkin a Sudan tare da yin kira da a saki Firayim Minista na Sudan da sauran shugabannin farar hula da aka kama. Ya ce "Faransa na la’antar yunkurin juyin mulki da ƙarfi ƙwarai," yana mai ƙara da cewa Faransa na goyon bayan gwamnatin wucin gadi da ke shirin shirya zaɓe a Sudan.
  • Birtaniya Ministar Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Birtaniya, Vicky Ford, ta la’anci juyin mulkin, tana mai cewa "Abin da sojojin suka aikata yau cin amanar mutanen Sudan ne kuma ya sabawa tafiyar da suke yi zuwa ga dimokuradiyya."[65]

Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya yi taron gaggawa don tattauna rikicin da ke wakana a Sudan. Amma ƙasashen dindindin guda biyar ba su cimma matsaya guda ba saboda China da Rasha sun ƙi amincewa da barazanar takunkumi kan shugabannin juyin mulki idan har suka ƙi bin bukatun rage rikici. "Dukkan ƙasashe na da muradunsu da fahimtarsu dangane da Sudan," in ji Volker Perthes, Wakilin Musamman na Sakataren Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Sudan, ga tashar radiyon Jamus, Deutschlandfunk.

  • Samfuri:Country data EU Tarayyar Turai: Shugaban harkokin wajen Tarayyar Turai, Josep Borrell da Sakataren Janar na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Larabawa, Ahmed Aboul Gheit, sun nuna damuwa.[66] Borrell ya yi kira ga "hukumar tsaro ta saki mutanen da suka kama ba bisa ka’ida ba."[62]
  • Samfuri:Country data UN Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya: Sakataren Janar, António Guterres, ya la’anci juyin mulkin tare da kiran a saki Firayim Minista. Ya ƙara da cewa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya "za ta ci gaba da goyon bayan jama'ar Sudan" da kuma cewa "dole ne a mutunta tsarin mulki gaba ɗaya don kare shirin sauyin siyasa da aka samu da wuya."[67][68] Volker Perthes, Wakilin Musamman na Sakataren Janar na MDD a Sudan[66] da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) sun fitar da makamancin wannan bayani.[62]
  • {{country data African Union}} Tarayyar Afirka: A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da Sudan daga cikin membobinta. Sharaɗin dawo da cikakken memba shine "mayar da gwamnatin wucin gadi yadda ya kamata."[69]

Bankin Duniya ya dakatar da tallafinsa ga Sudan bayan juyin mulkin soja.[70]

A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, wakilan Tarayyar Turai, Norway, Switzerland, Amurka da Birtaniya sun bayyana cewa ƙasashensu "har yanzu suna ganin Firayim Minista Hamdok da ministocinsa a matsayin jagororin kundin tsarin mulki na gwamnatin wucin gadi." Sun ce jakadunsu da ke Khartoum su samu damar saduwa da ziyartar Hamdok da kuma kiran a saki dukkan fursunonin siyasa.[71]

Ƙungiyoyin fararen hula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Edmund Yakani, shugaban ƙungiyar Community Empowerment for Progress Organization a Sudan ta Kudu, ya la’anci kama Firayim Minista Hamdok.[72] Ya bayyana cewa kama Hamdok, shugaban IGAD, wani ƙungiyar tattalin arzikin yankin, "shine karon farko a nahiyar da shugaban wata ƙungiya irin IGAD ke tsare." Yakani ya ce kama Hamdok na iya haifar da barazana ga shirin zaman lafiya na Sudan da na Sudan ta Kudu, wanda kowanne ƙasa ke taimaka wa ɗaya wajen warware rikicinta.[73]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Abdelaziz, Khalid (29 October 2021). "Sudan's ousted PM wants coup reversed before talks, sources say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  2. ↑ "Sudan's Hamdok reinstated as PM after political agreement signed". Al Jazeera (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  3. ↑ Magdy, Samy (25 October 2021). "Sudan's military takes power in coup, arrests prime minister". AP NEWS (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Magdy, Samy (2021-10-27). "Sudan arrests 3 coup critics as pressure mounts on military". AP News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  5. ↑ Mostafa Salem; Nima Elbagir; Yasir Abdullah (21 September 2021). "Sudanese government official says failed coup plotters were from Bashir regime". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_military_seizes_power
  7. ↑ "Sudan coup: Military dissolves civilian government and arrests leaders". BBC (in Turanci). 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Wahba, Abdel Latif; Marks, Simon (25 October 2021). "Sudan Officials Detained, Communication Lines Cut in Apparent Military Coup". Bloomberg (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  9. ↑ "Sudan's PM and other leaders detained in apparent coup attempt". The Guardian. Associated Press and Reuters. 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  10. ↑ "Sudan's Burhan declares state of emergency, dissolves government". Reuters (in Turanci). 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Live: Sudan's General Burhan dissolves government, declares state of emergency". France 24 (in Turanci). 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ThomReut_Burhan_says_army
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MEE_Hamdok_escorted_home
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_NCP_returns_to_power
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Sudan's PM under house arrest, cabinet ministers detained: Report". Aljazeera (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named guard1
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SCMP
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Abdi Latif Dahir, Sojoji sun bude wuta ga masu zanga-zanga masu goyon bayan dimokuraɗiyya, an ce an kashe akalla biyu. Archived 26 Oktoba 2021 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (25 October 2021).
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_four_dead_Sudan_military_fire
  20. ↑ Abdallah, Yasir; El Damanhoury, Kareem; Salem, Mostafa; Deaton, Jennifer (25 October 2021). "An tsare Firayim Ministan Sudan a gida ta hannun dakarun soja, inji Ma'aikatar Bayani". CNN. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NYT_casting_democratic_transition
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named casualties
  23. ↑ Khalid Abdelaziz, An kashe bakwai, mutane 140 sun jikkata a zanga-zangar adawa da juyin mulkin soja Archived 26 Oktoba 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (26 October 2021).
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Marasa lafiya sun ɓoye ƙarƙashin gadon asibiti": Likitocin Sudan sun ƙi mika masu rauni ga sojoji Archived 26 Oktoba 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian (26 October 2021).
  25. ↑ "Juyin mulkin Sudan: An kashe masu zanga-zanga bakwai, da dama sun ji rauni". BBC News. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_mass_protests_second_day
  27. ↑ "Juyin mulkin Sudan: An kashe masu zanga-zanga yayin zanga-zangar Oct 30". Radio Dabanga. 31 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_cautious_calm
  29. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_junta_arrests_3_FFC
  30. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_UNHRC_deeply_disturbing
  31. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_15_confirmed_dead
  32. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Guardian_SD_prodemocracy_activists
  33. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_internet_closed
  34. ↑ "Kotu ta Khartoum ta umurci dawo da intanet". Radio Dabanga. 9 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AJE_defiant_anticoup_protesters
  36. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_world_condemns
  37. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ThomReut_two_shot_dead_doctors_say
  38. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_nine_ambassadors
  39. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_alBurhan_sacks_diplomats
  40. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_UNITAMS_mediation_starts
  41. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MadaMasr_millions_defy_military
  42. ↑ "Sudan's Hamdok reinstated as PM after political agreement signed". Al Jazeera Media Network. November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  43. ↑ Khalid Abdelaziz (November 21, 2021). "Sudan military reinstates prime minister but protests continue". Reuters. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  44. ↑ Perthes, Volker (2021-12-11). "Security Council briefing on the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS)". UNITAMS (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  45. ↑ Elassar, Alaa; Meilhan, Pierre (2022-01-02). "Sudan's Prime Minister resigns amid violent anti-coup protests that have left at least 57 people dead". CNN.
  46. ↑ "Sudan PM Hamdok announces resignation in a TV speech". France 24 (in Turanci). 2022-01-02. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Const_Dec_En_unofficial
  48. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_lawyers_call_on_Burhan
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named deWaal_why_army_gambling
  50. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ThomReut_anti_NCP
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MEE_where_is_Hemetti
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 "Sudan da UAE: Yadda ake jan ragamar Sudan – Nazari". Eurasia Review. 2 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  53. ↑ "Sudan ta karɓi rabin tallafin dala biliyan 3 daga Saudiyya da UAE". Reuters. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  54. ↑ "Me ya sa Janar Burhan ya yarda ya gana da Netanyahu?". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  55. ↑ "The Latest: UN Security Council to discuss Sudan on Tuesday". ABC News (in Turanci). Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  56. ↑ "Sudan military coup: Russia blames 'outside powers' for transitional failures". France 24. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  57. ↑ Magdy, Samy (2021-10-26). "Sudan's prime minister, detained after coup, returns home". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  58. ↑ Deaths of Sudan protesters mount as international community condemns coup Archived 26 Oktoba 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse (26 October 2021).
  59. ↑ "Statement by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. On the International Response to Events in Sudan". White house gov. 28 October 2021.
  60. ↑ Lara Jakes (25 October 2021). "The U.S. cut off aid to the Sudanese government after the coup". New York Times.
  61. ↑ Matthew Lee (25 October 2021). "US condemns Sudan coup, suspends $700 million in aid". Associated Press News.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AJE_Utterly_unacceptable
  63. ↑ "Statement of the Government of Ethiopia on the Current Situation in the Sudan" (Press Release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, FDR Ethiopia. 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  64. ↑ Wheeler, Richard; Bet, Martina (26 October 2021). "UK government "most strongly condemns" Sudanese military, after it arrested the country's prime minister". The Scotsman (in Turanci). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  65. ↑ "UK government "most strongly condemns" Sudanese military, after it arrested the country's prime minister". www.scotsman.com (in Turanci). 26 October 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 "The Latest: China urges dialogue between Sudan's factions". AP NEWS (in Turanci). 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  67. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dabanga_UNSG_calls_immediate_release
  68. ↑ Kottasová, Ivana; Mackintosh, Eliza (26 October 2021). "The military has taken over Sudan. Here's what happened". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  69. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AJE_AU_suspends_Sudan
  70. ↑ "Sudan coup: World Bank suspends aid after military takeover". BBC News (in Turanci). 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  71. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_EU_recognises_Hamdok
  72. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_civil_society_group
  73. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SudTrib_civil_society_decries
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juyin_Mulkin_Sudan_na_2021&oldid=649021"