Juyin mulkin Saint-Sylvestre

Juyin mulkin Saint-Sylvestre

Iri	coup d'état (en)
Kwanan watan	31 Disamba 1965
Wuri	Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Ƙasa	Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Participant (en)	Jean-Bédel Bokassa

Juyin mulkin Saint-Sylvestre wani juyin mulki ne da Jean-Bédel Bokassa babban kwamandan sojojin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR) da hafsoshinsa suka yi wa gwamnatin Shugaba David Dacko a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1965 da 1 ga Janairu 1966. Dacko, dan uwan Bokassa, ya karbi mulkin kasar a shekarar 1960, kuma Bokassa, wani jami'in sojan Faransa, ya shiga rundunar sojojin kasar ta CAR a shekarar 1962. A shekara ta 1965, kasar ta fada cikin rudani-da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma tafiyar hawainiyar bunkasar tattalin arziki, yayin da ‘yan tawaye daga kasashe makwabta suka keta iyakokinta. Dacko ya samu taimakon kudi daga jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, amma duk da wannan tallafin, matsalolin kasar sun ci gaba. Bokassa ya yi shirin karbar mulki; An sanar da Dacko game da wannan, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya magance ta hanyar kafa gendarmerie wanda Jean Izamo ke jagoranta, wanda ya zama mai ba da shawara na Dacko da sauri.

Tare da taimakon Kyaftin Alexandre Banza, Bokassa ya fara juyin mulkin daren sabuwar shekara a 1965. Da farko dai Bokassa da mutanensa sun kama Izamo, inda suka kulle shi a wani dakin ajiye kaya a Camp de Roux. Daga nan ne mutanen Bokassa suka mamaye babban birnin kasar, Bangui, suka kuma yi galaba a kan ‘yan sandan jandarma da sauran juriya. Bayan tsakar dare, Dacko ya koma babban birnin kasar, inda nan take aka kama shi, aka tilasta masa yin murabus daga mukaminsa sannan aka daure shi a Camp Kassaï. A cewar rahotannin jami'ai, an kashe mutane takwas a lokacin da aka kwace. A karshen watan Janairun 1966, an azabtar da Izamo har lahira, amma an kare rayuwar Dacko saboda bukatar gwamnatin Faransa, wanda Bokassa ke kokarin gamsar da shi. Bokassa ya bayar da hujjar juyin mulkin da cewa dole ne ya ceci kasar daga fadawa cikin rugujewar gurguzu, ya kuma yanke huldar diflomasiyya da kasar Sin. A farkon gwamnatinsa, Bokassa ya rusa Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa, ya soke Kundin Tsarin Mulki, ya kuma fitar da wasu dokoki, da haramta bara, da kaciyar mata, da auren mata fiye da daya, da dai sauransu. Tun farko Bokassa ya yi gwagwarmaya don samun karbuwa a duniya ga sabuwar gwamnati. Sai dai kuma bayan ganawarsa da shugaban kasar Chadi Bokassa cikin nasara, ya samu amincewar gwamnatin daga wasu kasashen Afirka, daga karshe kuma daga Faransa, tsohuwar mulkin mallaka.

Banza na hannun daman Bokassa ya yi yunkurin juyin mulkin nasa a watan Afrilun 1969, amma daya daga cikin wadanda suka hada masa makirci ya sanar da shugaban shirin. An gabatar da Banza a gaban kotun soji kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar harbe harbe . Dacko, wanda ya kasance a keɓe a Camp de Roux, ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga jakadan China a Brazzaville a watan Yuni 1969, wanda Bokassa ya kama. Bokassa dai ya tuhumi Dacko ne da laifin yin barazana ga jami’an tsaron jihar inda ya kai shi gidan yari na Ngaragba, inda ake tsare da fursunoni da dama da aka kama a lokacin juyin mulkin. Wani alkali na yankin ya tabbatar wa Bokassa cewa babu wata hujja da za ta iya hukunta Dacko, wanda maimakon haka aka tsare shi a gidan yari. A watan Satumban 1976, an nada Dacko mai ba shugaban kasa shawara; Daga baya gwamnatin Faransa ta amince masa da shiga cikin juyin mulkin da aka yi na hambarar da Bokassa, wanda ke fuskantar suka a kan mulkin kama-karya na rashin tausayi. An gudanar da wannan juyin mulki ne a ranakun 20 da 21 ga watan Satumban 1979, lokacin da Dacko ya sake zama shugaban kasa, sai dai aka yi juyin mulki a wani juyin mulki bayan shekaru biyu.

Fage

Shugaba David Dacko

A shekara ta 1958, bayan da jamhuriya ta hudu ta Faransa ta fara la'akarin baiwa mafi yawan kasashen Afirka 'yancin kai, shugaban 'yan kishin kasa Barthélemy Boganda ya gana da firaminista Charles de Gaulle domin tattauna sharudan 'yancin kai na Oubangui-Chari, yankin da Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka wanda daga baya ya zama Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR). De Gaulle ya amince da bukatarsa, kuma a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1958, Boganda ya ayyana kafa CAR mai cin gashin kanta, tare da cikakken 'yancin kai wanda zai biyo baya nan ba da jimawa ba. Ya zama Firayim Minista na farko na yankin mai cin gashin kansa . Sai dai kuma an kashe shi ne a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a ranar 29 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1959, yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Bangui babban birnin kasar. An gudanar da zaben kasa a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, wanda jam'iyyar Boganda, Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN) ta lashe da hannu.

Dacko, tare da goyon bayan Babban Kwamishinan Faransa, Majalisar Kasuwancin Bangui, da kuma matar Boganda, ya ba da kansa a matsayin dan takarar da zai jagoranci majalisar gwamnati. Goumba ya yi shakkar raba kan al'ummar kasar, kuma bayan wata daya yana mulki ya mika wa Dacko shugabancin kasar. Dacko ya cinye shi da aikin gudanarwa kuma, kodayake ya ci gaba da rike Goumba a matsayin karamin minista, ya kore shi bayan wasu watanni. A cikin 1960 Goumba ya kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa, Democratic Evolution Movement of Central Africa (MEDAC), kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana ɗauke da manufofin Boganda da MESAN. Cikin firgita da saurin girma, Dacko ya bayyana aniyarsa ta farfado da MESAN. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta sami cikakken 'yancin kai daga Faransa a ranar 13 ga Agustan 1960. Dacko ya tura matakai da yawa ta hanyar Majalisar wanda ta saka shi a matsayin shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kasa, kuma ya ba gwamnati iko mai yawa don murkushe adawar siyasa. A shekarar 1962 ya kama Goumba kuma ya ayyana MESAN a matsayin jam'iyya tilo ta jihar . A ƙarshe an yanke wa Goumba hukunci mai matsakaici kuma daga baya aka ba shi izinin ƙaura zuwa Faransa don kammala karatunsa.

A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1962, dan uwan Dacko, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, ya bar sojojin Faransa ya shiga rundunar sojan CAR tare da mukamin kwamandan bataliyar. Dacko ya nada shi Shugaban Hafsan Sojin Afrika ta Tsakiya a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1964.

Bokassa ya nemi amincewa da matsayinsa na shugaban sojoji; ya kan bayyana a bainar jama'a sanye da duk wani kayan ado na soja, kuma a lokutan bukukuwa yakan yi kokarin zama kusa da Shugaba Dacko don nuna mahimmancinsa a cikin gwamnati. Bokassa ya ci gaba da shiga zazzafar muhawara da Jean-Paul Douate, babban jami’in kula da harkokin gwamnati, wanda ya gargade shi kan rashin bin sahihin tsari na zama a teburin shugaban kasa. Da farko, Dacko ya sami ra'ayin ɗan uwansa don iko da saninsa abin ban sha'awa. Duk da yadda sojojin Afirka suka yi kaurin suna a baya-bayan nan, Dacko ya fito fili ya yi watsi da yiwuwar cewa wata rana Bokassa zai yi yunkurin kwace mulkin kasar. A wajen wani liyafar cin abinci na gwamnati, ya ce, “Karnel Bokassa yana son karbo lambobin yabo ne kawai, kuma wawa ne ya hana shi juyin mulki. Sauran ‘yan majalisar ministocin Dacko na ganin Bokassa a matsayin babbar barazana ga gwamnatin. Jean-Arthur Bandio, ministan harkokin cikin gida, ya ba da shawarar a shigar da Bokassa a cikin majalisar ministocin, wanda ya yi fatan za su biya bukatun Kanar na neman karbuwa da kuma karya alakarsa da sojoji. Don hana yiwuwar juyin mulkin soja, Dacko ya kirkiro gendarmerie, 'yan sanda dauke da makamai na 500, karkashin jagorancin Jean Izamo, da kuma mai gadin shugaban kasa mai mambobi 120, karkashin jagorancin Prosper Mounoumbaye.

Asalin

Gwamnatin Dacko ta fuskanci matsaloli da dama a tsakanin shekarun 1964 da 1965: tattalin arzikin kasar ya samu koma baya, tsarin mulki ya fara wargajewa, sannan kuma a kullum 'yan Lumumbists daga kudu da kuma 'yan tawayen Sudan daga gabas suna keta iyakokin kasar. A karkashin matsin lamba daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a MESAN da kuma kokarin noma hanyoyin samun tallafi da kuma nuna 'yancin kansa a manufofin ketare, Dacko ya kulla huldar diflomasiyya da jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin (PRC) a watan Satumba na shekarar 1964. Tawaga karkashin jagorancin Meng Yieng da wakilan gwamnatin kasar Sin sun zagaya kasar, inda suka nuna fina-finan farfagandar kwaminisanci. Ba da daɗewa ba, PRC ta ba wa CAR lamuni mara riba na CFA biliyan ɗaya; duk da haka, tallafin ya gaza hana hasashen durkushewar kudi ga kasar. Wata matsalar da ta addabi gwamnati ita ce cin hanci da rashawa. Bokassa yana ganin yana bukatar ya karbi mulkin kasar CAR domin kawar da tasirin gurguzu da kuma magance duk matsalolin kasar. A cewar Samuel Decalo, wani masani kan harkokin gwamnatin Afirka, mai yiwuwa burin Bokassa ne ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a matakin da ya dauka na kaddamar da juyin mulkin ga gwamnati.

Dacko ya aika Bokassa zuwa birnin Paris a matsayin tawagar wakilan bikin ranar Bastille a watan Yulin 1965. Bayan halartar bikin ranar 23 ga watan Yuli don bikin rufe makarantar horar da hafsan soji da ya halarta shekaru da dama da suka gabata, Bokassa ya shirya komawa CAR. Duk da haka, Dacko ya hana dawowar sa, kuma Bokassa ya shafe watanni masu zuwa yana ƙoƙarin samun goyon bayan abokansa na sojojin Faransa da na Afirka ta Tsakiya don dawowar sa. Daga karshe Dacko ya mika wuya ga matsin lamba kuma ya bar Bokassa ya dawo a watan Oktoba.

Rikici ya karu tsakanin Dacko da Bokassa. A watan Disamba ne Dacko ya amince da karin kasafin kudin ga Jandarmomi na Izamo, amma ya ki amincewa da kudirin kasafin kudin na sojojin Bokassa. Muhawarar kasafin kudin ta yi kaca-kaca, kuma ta kai ga tabarbarewar dangantaka tsakanin Izamo da Bokassa. A nan ne Bokassa ya shaida wa abokansa cewa ya ji haushin abin da Dacko ya yi masa, kuma ya yi "harbi juyin mulki". Dacko ya yi shirin maye gurbin Bokassa da Izamo a matsayin mai ba shi shawara kan harkokin soji, kuma ya so ya kara wa hafsoshin soji masu biyayya ga gwamnati, tare da sauke Bokassa da makusantan sa. Ya bayyana manufarsa ga dattawan kauyen Bobangui, inda suka sanar da Bokassa shirin. Bokassa ya gane cewa dole ne ya yi gaggawar yaki da Dacko, kuma ya damu cewa sojojinsa na mutum 500 ba za su yi daidai da Jandarma da masu tsaron fadar shugaban kasa ba. Ya kuma damu Faransa za ta shiga tsakani don taimakawa Dacko, kamar yadda ya faru bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Gabon a ranar 23 ga Fabrairun 1964 kan Shugaba Léon M'ba . Bayan samun labarin juyin mulkin daga mataimakin shugaban kasar, jami'ai a birnin Paris sun aike da jami'an tsaro zuwa Gabon cikin 'yan sa'o'i, kuma cikin gaggawa aka mayar da M'ba kan karagar mulki. Ana cikin haka sai Izamo ta yi shirin kashe Bokassa tare da hambarar da Dacko.

Bokassa ya samu gagarumin goyon baya daga abokin hadakarsa, Kyaftin Alexandre Banza, wanda shi ne kwamandan sansanin soji na Camp Kassaï a arewa maso gabashin Bangui, kuma kamar Bokassa, ya yi aikin sojan Faransa a mukamai a duniya. Banza mutum ne haziki, mai kishi da iya aiki wanda ya taka rawa wajen shirya juyin mulkin. Ya zuwa karshen watan Disamba ne dai aka rika yada jita-jitar yunkurin juyin mulkin a tsakanin jami'ai a babban birnin kasar. Masu ba Dacko shawara na sirri sun sanar da shi cewa Bokassa "ya nuna alamun rashin kwanciyar hankali" don haka yana bukatar a kama shi kafin ya nemi kawo karshen gwamnati, amma Dacko bai yi aiki da irin wannan shawarar ba.

Juyin mulki a ranar 31 ga Disamba da 1 ga Janairu

Taswirar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

Da yammacin ranar 31 ga Disamba 1965, Dacko ya bar Palais de la Renaissance don ziyartar daya daga cikin gonakin ministocinsa kudu maso yammacin babban birnin kasar. Izamo ta buga wa Bokassa waya domin ya gayyace shi zuwa wani liyafa na bikin jajibirin sabuwar shekara . An gargadi Bokassa cewa wannan tarko ne na kama shi, a maimakon haka ya bukaci Izamo da ta fara zuwa Camp de Roux don sanya hannu kan wasu takardu da ya kamata a yi nazari kafin shekarar ta kare. Izamo ya yarda da rashin so, ya yi tafiya a cikin motar matarsa zuwa sansanin, ya isa da misalin karfe 19:00. Da isarsa sai ya fuskanci Banza da Bokassa, suka ba shi labarin juyin mulkin da ake yi. Da aka tambaye shi ko zai goyi bayan juyin mulkin, Izamo ya ce a’a, inda ya jagoranci Bokassa da Banza suka yi galaba a kansa, suka tsare shi a wani dakin ajiya . Karfe 22:30 Kyaftin Banza ya umarci jami’ansa da su fara juyin mulkin: daya daga cikin kaftin dinsa shi ne ya karkashe jami’an tsaron da ke fadar shugaban kasa, yayin da dayan kuma ya karbe ikon gidan rediyon Bangui don hana sadarwa tsakanin Dacko da mabiyansa.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan tsakar dare ranar 1 ga Janairun 1966, Bokassa da Banza suka shirya dakarunsu tare da gaya musu shirinsu na karbar mulki. Bokassa ya yi ikirarin cewa Dacko ya yi murabus daga shugabancin kasar, ya kuma bai wa babban mai ba shi shawara, Izamo, sannan ya shaida wa sojoji cewa Jandarma za ta karbe rundunar sojojin kasar ta CAR, wanda sai da ta dauki mataki a yanzu don ta ci gaba da rike mukaminta. Daga nan sai ya tambayi sojojin ko za su goyi bayan matakin da ya dauka; An kulle mutanen da suka ƙi. Da karfe 00:30, Bokassa da magoya bayansa suka bar Camp de Roux don karbe babban birnin kasar. Sun ci karo da juriya kaɗan kuma sun sami damar ɗaukar Bangui. An harbe wani mai gadin dare a gidan rediyon bayan da ya yi yunkurin kama sojoji da baka da kibau. Sojojin sun kuma tsare gidajen ministocin gwamnati, inda suka yi musu fashi, tare da kai ministocin wani sansanin soji. Daga nan sai Bokassa da Banza suka garzaya zuwa Palais de la Renaissance, inda suka yi kokarin kama Dacko, wanda ba a same shi ba. Bokassa ya fara firgita, domin ya yi imanin an riga an gargadi shugaban kasar game da juyin mulkin, nan take ya umarci sojojinsa da su nemo Dacko a cikin karkara har sai an same shi. Domin dakile yuwuwar tsoma bakin sojojin Faransa da ke Fort-Lamy, na kasar Chadi, 'yan sa-kai sun tare titin jirgin na Bangui da manyan motoci da ganga. An kuma kafa wani shingen shinge a babban birnin kasar, kuma an kashe wani Bafaranshe a lokacin da yake kokarin wuce ta.

Dacko bai san abubuwan da ke faruwa a babban birnin ba. Bayan ya bar gonar wazirinsa da tsakar dare, sai ya nufi gidan Simon Samba domin ya roki shugaban dalar Aka gudanar da ibadar karshen shekara. Bayan awa daya a gidan Samba, an sanar da shi juyin mulkin da aka yi a Bangui. A cewar Titley, daga nan Dacko ya tashi zuwa babban birnin kasar, da fatan kawo karshen juyin mulkin tare da taimakon wasu jami'an tsaron Jandarma da na Faransa masu biyayya. Wasu kamar Thomas E. O'Toole, farfesa a fannin zamantakewa da ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Jihar St. Cloud, sun yi imanin cewa Dacko ba ya ƙoƙarin yin tsayin daka, maimakon haka yana shirin yin murabus tare da mika mulki ga Izamo. A cewar Pierre Kalck, Dacko yana ƙoƙarin tserewa zuwa gundumarsa ta haihuwa. Ko ta yaya dai sojojin da ke sintiri a mahadar Pétévo dake kan iyakar yammacin babban birnin kasar sun kama Dacko. An mayar da shi fadar shugaban kasa, inda Bokassa ya rungume shugaban kasar ya ce masa, "Na yi kokarin na gargade ka-amma yanzu ya makara". An kai shugaba Dacko gidan yarin Ngaragba da ke gabashin birnin Bangui da misalin karfe 02:00. A wani mataki da yake ganin zai kara masa farin jini a kasar, Bokassa ya umarci daraktan gidan yarin Otto Sacher da ya saki dukkan fursunonin da ke gidan yarin. Daga nan ne Bokassa ya kai Dacko zuwa Camp Kassaï da karfe 03:20, inda aka tilastawa shugaban ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa. Daga baya jami'an Bokassa sun sanar a gidan rediyon Bangui cewa an hambarar da gwamnatin Dacko kuma Bokassa ya karbe iko. Da safe, Bokassa ya yi wa jama'a jawabi ta gidan rediyo-Bangui (a cikin Faransanci):

Central Africans! Central Africans! This is Colonel Bokassa speaking to you. Since 3:00 am this morning, your army has taken control of the government. The Dacko government has resigned. The hour of justice is at hand. The bourgeoisie is abolished. A new era of equality among all has begun. Central Africans, wherever you may be, be assured that the army will defend you and your property ... Long live the Central African Republic!

Bayan haka

A hukumance, mutane takwas ne suka mutu a fada a lokacin juyin mulkin, ciki har da tsohon ministan harkokin wajen kasar Maurice Dejean. Bayan haka, jami’an Bokassa sun zagaya cikin kasar, inda suka kame abokan siyasar Dacko da makusantansu, wadanda suka hada da Simon Samba, Jean-Paul Douate da 64. Jami’an tsaron fadar shugaban kasa, wadanda aka kai su gidan yarin Ngaragba. Prosper Mounoumbaye, daraktan tsaro na fadar shugaban kasa, ya tsere zuwa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Bayan makonni, hukumomin Kongo sun tsare shi kuma suka mika shi ga Bokassa a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1966. A Camp Kassaï, an yi masa dukan tsiya tare da azabtar da shi, a idon Bokassa, Banza da Dacko. Jean Izamo ya gamu da irin wannan makoma: an kai shi kurkukun Ngaragba a ranar 10 ga Janairu, amma an azabtar da shi har ya mutu a karshen wata. An dai tsira da ran Shugaba Dacko, saboda Bokassa ya bukaci kasashen duniya su amince da gwamnatinsa, kuma Faransa ta yi barazanar katse taimakon da take bai wa CAR idan aka kashe Dacko. Bokassa ya sa aka tsare Dacko a wani karamin daki a Camp Kassaï, inda aka katse shi da sadarwa da kasashen waje kuma aka sanya shi cikin abinci mai tsananin hanawa. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, an kai shi Camp de Roux, inda ya keɓe.

A halin da ake ciki, Bokassa ya tsunduma cikin tallata kansa a gaban kafafen yada labarai, inda ya nuna wa ‘yan kasarsa lambobin yabo na sojojin Faransa, tare da nuna karfinsa, rashin tsoro da namiji. A kokarinsa na kwantar da hankula, ya umarci dukkan ma’aikatan gwamnati da su koma bakin aikinsu tare da barazanar korarsu daga aiki. Ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati mai suna Majalisar juyin juya hali, ya rushe kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, ya kuma rusa majalisar dokokin kasar, yana mai kiranta da cewa “Gaba ce mara rai da ta daina wakiltar al’umma”. A jawabinsa ga ‘yan kasar, Bokassa ya yi ikirarin cewa gwamnati za ta gudanar da zabe nan gaba, za a kafa sabuwar majalisa, sannan a rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulki. Ya kuma shaida wa 'yan kasar cewa zai yi watsi da mulkinsa bayan an kawar da barazanar gurguzu, tattalin arzikin kasar ya daidaita, da kuma kawar da cin hanci da rashawa. Shugaba Bokassa ya amince MESAN ta ci gaba da aiki, amma ya hana duk wasu kungiyoyin siyasa shiga kasar. A cikin watanni masu zuwa, Bokassa ya kafa wasu sabbin dokoki da ka'idoji: maza da mata masu shekaru 18 zuwa 55 sai sun ba da hujjar cewa suna da aikin yi, in ba haka ba za a ci tara su ko a daure su; an hana bara ; an yarda da yin wasan tom-tom a cikin dare da kuma karshen mako; kuma an kafa wata "Brigade" a babban birnin kasar domin kula da mashaya da wuraren raye-raye. Auren mace fiye da daya, sadaki da kaciyar mata duk an soke. Bokassa ya kuma bude tsarin zirga-zirgar jama'a a Bangui tare da bayar da tallafin samar da makada biyu na kasa .

Duk da kyawawan sauye-sauyen da aka samu a kasar, Bokassa ya sha wahala wajen samun karbuwa a duniya ga sabuwar gwamnatinsa. Ya yi kokarin tabbatar da juyin mulkin inda ya bayyana cewa Izamo da jami'an kwaminisanci na kasar Sin suna kokarin karbe gwamnati don haka dole ne ya shiga tsakani don ceto CAR daga tasirin gurguzu. Ya yi zargin cewa, jami'an kasar Sin da ke yankunan karkara suna horar da 'yan kasar tare da ba su makamai don fara juyin juya hali, kuma a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966, ya kori wakilan kasar Sin daga kasar tare da yanke huldar jakadanci da kasar Sin. Bokassa ya kuma bayyana cewa juyin mulkin ya zama dole domin hana cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnati.

Bokassa ya fara samun amincewar diflomasiyya daga shugaba François Tombalbaye na Chadi makwabciyarta, wanda ya gana da shi a Bouca, Ouham . Bayan Bokassa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar ganawa da Tombalbaye a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1966 a kan iyakar kudancin Chadi a Fort Archambault, su biyun sun yanke shawarar taimakon juna idan ɗayan yana cikin haɗarin rasa mulki. Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu ƙasashen Afirka sun fara amincewa da sabuwar gwamnati ta hanyar diflomasiyya. Da farko dai gwamnatin Faransa ta hakura da goyon bayan gwamnatin Bokassa. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Faransa ta tsara wata sanarwa ta tofin Allah tsine, amma wasu jami'ai da suka dauki Bokassa dan kasar Faransa ne suka yi watsi da sakin ta. Daga karshe gwamnatin Faransa ta fadawa jami'an ofishin jakadancinta dake Bangui da su yi aiki da Bokassa amma su guji daukarsa a matsayin shugaban kasa. Banza ya je birnin Paris ne domin ganawa da jami'an kasar Faransa domin gamsar da su cewa juyin mulkin ya zama dole domin ceto kasar daga cikin rudani. Bokassa ya gana da Firayim Minista Georges Pompidou a ranar 7 ga Yulin 1966, amma Faransawa sun kasance ba sa kai-kawo wajen bayar da goyon bayansu. Bayan da Bokassa ya yi barazanar janyewa daga yankin kudin Faransa, Shugaba Charles de Gaulle ya yanke shawarar yin ziyarar aiki a CAR a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1966. Ga gwamnatin Bokassa, wannan ziyarar ta nuna cewa a karshe Faransawa sun amince da sabbin sauye-sauye a kasar.

Banza dan Dakko

Alexandre Banza, wanda ya tsaya tare da Bokassa a duk lokacin shirye-shirye da aiwatar da juyin mulkin, ya taba rike mukamin ministan kudi da karamin minista a sabuwar gwamnati. Banza ya samu nasara a kokarinsa na gina gwamnati a kasashen waje; da yawa sun yi imanin cewa ba zai ƙara amincewa da zama na hannun daman Bokassa ba. A shekarar 1967, Banza da Bokassa sun yi wata babbar muhawara game da kasafin kudin kasar, yayin da Banza ya yi kakkausar suka dangane da almubazzaranci da Bokassa ke yi a harkokin gwamnati. Bokassa ya koma Camp de Roux, inda ya ji zai iya tafiyar da gwamnati cikin aminci ba tare da ya damu da kishirwar mulki da Banza ke yi ba. [1] A ranar 13 ga Afrilun 1968, Bokassa ya sauke Banza daga mukamin ministan kudi zuwa ministan lafiya, amma ya bar shi ya ci gaba da zama a matsayinsa na karamin minista. A shekara mai zuwa, Banza ya yi jawabai da dama na sukar Bokassa da yadda yake tafiyar da tattalin arziki. A nan ne Bokassa ya fahimci cewa nan ba da dadewa ba ministansa zai yi yunkurin karbar mulki a kasar, don haka ya cire shi a matsayin karamin minista.

Banza ya bayyana aniyarsa ta fara juyin mulki ga Laftanar Jean-Claude Mandaba, kwamandan Camp Kassaï, wanda ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya sanar da Bokassa. Lokacin da ya shiga Camp Kasaï a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1969 (an shirya juyin mulkin a wannan maraice), an yi wa Banza kwanton bauna, aka jefa a cikin akwati na wata mota kirar Mercedes, Mandaba da sojojinsa suka kai su Bokassa kai tsaye. A gidansa da ke Berengo, Bokassa ya kusa doke Banza har lahira kafin Mandaba ya ba da shawarar a gurfanar da Banza gaban kotu domin ya bayyana. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, Banza ya gabatar da kararsa a gaban kotun soji a Camp de Roux, inda ya amince da shirinsa, amma ya bayyana cewa bai shirya kashe Bokassa ba. Duk da haka, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar harbe-harbe, an kai shi wani fili da ke bayan Camp Kassaï, aka kashe shi kuma aka binne shi a cikin wani kabari da ba a taɓa gani ba .

Tsohon shugaban kasar Dacko ya ci gaba da zama a keɓe a Camp de Roux, inda gwamnatin Faransa, wadda ta nuna damuwarta ga lafiyarsa, ta aike da wani hadimin soji domin ya ziyarce shi. Dacko ya shaida wa hadimin cewa sama da shekara biyu ba a ba shi wani abu da zai karanta ba; hafsan ya tattauna da shugaban gidan yarin don samun Dacko wasu littattafai. Duk da haka, yanayin rayuwar Dacko ya kasa inganta, kuma a cikin Yuni 1969, Dacko ya aika da wasika zuwa ga jakadan kasar Sin a Brazzaville, yana neman ya ba da tallafin kudi ga iyalinsa. An kama saƙon kuma aka mika wa Bokassa, [1] wanda a tunaninsa wasiƙar ta zama dalili mai yawa da ya sa ya kawar da Dacko. An tuhumi Dacko da laifin yin barazana ga tsaron jihar inda aka kai shi gidan yarin Ngaragba. Sai dai Bokassa ya janye tuhumar a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli, bayan da alkali Albert Kouda ya tabbatar masa da cewa babu isassun shaidun da za a iya yanke musu hukunci. Dacko ya zauna a Palais de la Renaissance har sai lafiyarsa ta inganta, bayan haka an aika shi ya zauna a Mokinda, Lobaye a tsare a gida .

Dacko ya kasance a gidan kaso har sai da aka nada shi mai ba da shawara ga Shugaba Bokassa a ranar 17 ga Satumba 1976. Bokassa ya narkar da gwamnati kuma ya kafa daular Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda ya haifar da karuwar suka a duniya a karshen shekarun 1970. Dacko ya yi nasarar tashi zuwa birnin Paris, inda Faransawa suka amince masa ya ba shi hadin kai a juyin mulkin da aka yi don kawar da Bokassa daga mulki tare da mayar da shi kan karagar mulki. An nada Dacko a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1979, amma babban hafsan hafsan sojojinsa, André Kolingba, ya sake sauke shi daga mulki a wani juyin mulkin da ba a yi ba a ranar 1 ga Satumba 1981. An ba Bokassa mafaka a Cote d'Ivoire kuma Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta Bangui ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa <i id="mwAag">a baya</i> a cikin Disamba 1980. An ba da sammacin kasa da kasa na kama shi, amma gwamnatin Ivory Coast ta ki mika shi. Bayan ya koma CAR bisa son ransa a watan Oktoban 1986, an kama shi. Bayan shari'ar kwanaki 90 an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1987. Kolingba ya mayar da hukuncin daurin rai da rai a watan Fabrairun 1988, sannan kuma ya mai da shi zaman gidan yari na shekaru 20. Daga baya Kolingba ya yafewa Bokassa a watan Satumba na 1993 kuma an sake shi daga kurkuku a karkashin kulawar 'yan sanda.

Bibiyar Tarihi

• Bokassa, Jean-Bédel (1985), Ma vérité (in Faransanci), Paris: Carrére Lefon
• Decalo, Samuel (March 1973), "Military Coups and Military Regimes in Africa", The Journal of Modern African Studies, 11 (1): 105–127, doi:10.1017/S0022278X00008107, S2CID 154338499
• Kalck, Pierre (1971), Central African Republic: A Failure in De-Colonisation, translated by Barbara Thomson, London: Pall Mall Press, ISBN 0-269-02801-3
• Kalck, Pierre (2005), Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic (3rd English ed.), Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-4913-5
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• Marcum, Anthony S.; Brown, Jonathan N. (March 2016). "Overthrowing the "Loyalty Norm": The Prevalence and Success of Coups in Small-coalition Systems, 1950 to 1999". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 60 (2): 256–282. doi:10.1177/0022002714540469. JSTOR 24755911. S2CID 155388146.
• O'Toole, Thomas E. (September 1998), "Review: Brian Titley. Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokassa", African Studies Review, African Studies Association, 41 (2): 155–157, doi:10.2307/524838, JSTOR 524838, S2CID 149558813
• Péan, Pierre (1977), Bokassa Ier (in Faransanci), Paris: Editions Alain Moreau, OCLC 4488325
• Titley, Brian (1997), Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokassa, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, ISBN 0-7735-1602-6