KV43
| KV43 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Misra |
Governorate of Egypt (en)  | Luxor Governorate (en) |
| Birni | Luxor |
| Coordinates | 25°45′00″N 32°36′51″E / 25.75°N 32.6143°E |
 | |
| Occupant (en) |
Thutmose IV (en) |
| Karatun gine-gine | |
| Tsawo | 105.73 meters |
| Yawan fili | 407.7 m² |
|
| |
Kabarin KV43 shine wurin binne Thutmose IV, Fir'auna na Daular goma sha takwas a Kwarin Sarakuna a Luxor, Misira . An binne shi tare da 'ya'yansa biyu da suka mutu kafin shi. Kabarin yana da siffar kafafu, wanda ya dace da tsarin kaburbura na daular goma sha takwas. Howard Carter ya sake gano KV43 a cikin 1903, yana tonowa a madadin Theodore M. Davis.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kabari da maidowa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Thutmose IV ya yi mulki a matsayin Fir'auna a tsakiyar Daular goma sha takwas na Sabon Masarautar Masar ta Dā. [1] An binne shi a kabarin KV43 a Kwarin Sarakuna tare da 'ya'yansa biyu da suka mutu a gabansa, Yarima Amenemhat da Gimbiya Tentamun . [2]
A lokacin mulkin Horemheb a ƙarshen Daular goma sha takwas, an shiga kabarin kuma an sace shi. An rubuta maidowarsa a cikin rubuce-rubuce guda biyu da aka rubuta a baki a bangon hannun dama na ɗakin.[3] Na farko, rubutun da ya fi girma shine kamar haka:
Shekara 8, watan 3 na <i id="mwQQ">akhet</i>-lokaci, rana 1, a ƙarƙashin ubangijin Sarkin Upper da Lower Egypt, Djeserkheperure-setepenre, ɗan Re Horemheb-merenamun. Rayuwarsa mai girma! wadata! lafiya! ya ba da umarni cewa mai ɗaukar magoya baya a hannun dama na sarki, marubucin sarki, mai kula da baitulmalin, mai kulawar ayyuka a Wurin Har abada [watau necropolis na sarauta] kuma shugaban bikin Amun a Karnak, Maya, ɗan mai daraja Iawy, wanda aka haifa daga uwargidan gidan Weret, ya caji don sabunta jana'izar Sarki Menkheperure, gaskiya na murya, a cikin babban gidan a yammacin Thebes.[4]
Rubutun na biyu, a dama kuma dan kadan ya fi girma, ya fi guntu:
Mataimakinsa, mai kula da birnin kudancin, Djehutymose, wanda mahaifiyarsa Iniuhe ce ta birnin [watau Thebes].[4]
Babban rubutun yana nufin Maya a cikin mutum na biyu, kuma ba daidai ba ne ya ambaci mahaifiyarsa a matsayin Weret, yana mai da wuya shi ne marubucin rubutun. Rubutun hannu na rubutun biyu iri ɗaya ne, kuma an san cewa Djehutymose ne ya sake dawo da Kabarin Tutankhamun yayin da ya bar rubutun a can ma. Saboda haka, Maya mai yiwuwa ya ba da aikin bincika da kuma maido da kabarin ga wanda ke ƙarƙashinsa, Djehutymose.[5]
Bincike da tonowa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Howard Carter ne ya gano wannan kabarin a watan Janairun 1903 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin share wani karamin kwarin da ke gudana a yamma daga kabarin Ramesses III (KV3). An gudanar da waɗannan binciken ne ta hanyar Antiquities Service a madadin Theodore Davis. Wani tukunya na alabaster da aka rubuta da sunan Thutmose IV an gamu da shi a wani bangare na kwarin a cikin 1902, wanda ya sa Carter ya yi zaton yana kusa da kabarin. A watan Janairun 1903, bincike ya kai ga tushe na dutse mai tsawo; a nan dutsen ya tashi don samar da dandamali na halitta wanda aka daidaita don ɗaukar yankan kabarin. A kan wannan dandalin, a gaban ƙofar kabarin, an gano tushe guda biyu da ke dauke da tasoshin alabaster da kayan aiki na samfurin; daya daga cikinsu, wani alabaster saucer, an kwace shi daga Hatshepsut. Binciken waɗannan abubuwa, tare da wasu da ke ɗauke da sunan sarki, sun tabbatar da cewa wannan shine kabarin Thutmose IV. A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1903 an share ƙofar don ba da izinin bincike; Davis ya riga ya tafi Aswan, kuma Carter, wanda bai iya tuntuɓar shi ba, ya yanke shawarar shiga kabarin ko ta yaya, ya gayyaci masanin kimiyyar Masar na Amurka Robb de Peyster Tytus tare don dubawa.[3]
An sace kabarin sosai a zamanin d ̄ a, kuma Carter ya sami hanyar shiga da ta cika da tarkace da kayan tarihi. 'Yan fashi sun shiga cikin ƙofar da aka toshe kuma aka fentin da ke kaiwa ga zauren ginshiƙai na farko. An sami ƙarin shaidar kasancewarsu a cikin zauren: har yanzu ana riƙe igiya da aka yi da fiber na dabino a kusa da ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan, tare da ƙarshen ta kai ƙasan rijiyar. An sami shaidar hatimi sau biyu a cikin ɗakin gaba; hatimi da ke ɗauke da sunan Horemheb ya faru ban da asalin "kaddamar da fursunoni" hatimi na necropolis a kan ƙofar da aka toshe.[3]
Gine-gine
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kabarin ya biyo baya daga zane da layout na KV35, kabarin mahaifin Thutmose IV Amenhotep II amma ya fi dacewa da yankewa da daidaitawa. Hanyoyi uku na farko sun ƙare a cikin rijiyar mai zurfi tare da ɗaki a kasa. Sa'an nan kuma axis ɗin ya juya digiri 90 tare da zauren ginshiƙi na farko wanda ke jagorantar, tare da matakala da gangaren gangara, zuwa ɗakin gaba da ɗakin binnewa. A cikin tashi daga KV35, an saukar da ƙarshen ɗakin binnewa don samar da "crypt" don sarcophagus. Wani sabon fasalin wannan kabarin shine kasancewar wuraren sihiri, waɗanda ake gani a duk kabarin Daular 19 da farkon kabarin Daula ta 19. An shirya ɗakunan ajiya guda huɗu daidai a kowane bangare na ɗakin binnewa[4]