Ka,idojin Muhalli
 Ka,idojin Muhalli | |
|---|---|
branch of philosophy (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na |
environmental philosophy (en) |
| Fuskar |
ethics (en) |
| Maƙirƙiri | Rafiu |
A cikin falsafar muhalli, ka'idodin muhalli wani yanki ne da aka kafa na falsafar aiki "wanda ke sake gina mahimman nau'ikan muhawara waɗanda za a iya yi don kare abubuwan halitta da ci gaba da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa." Da'ar muhalli tana yin tasiri akan fannonin ilimi da yawa da suka haɗa da dokar muhalli, ilimin zamantakewar muhalli, ilimin halittu, tattalin arziƙin muhalli, muhalli da yanayin ƙasa.
Akwai shawarwarin ɗabi'a da yawa da ɗan adam ke yankewa dangane da muhalli. Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tambayoyi da yawa. Misali:
Shin yakamata ’yan Adam su ci gaba da share dazuzzukan da aka yanke don amfanin ɗan adam?
Wane nau'i ne ko mahaluki ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don kansu, ba tare da gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga nau'in halittu da sauran kayayyaki ba?[1]
Me ya sa ’yan Adam za su ci gaba da yaɗa jinsinta, da kuma rai kanta? [2]
Ya kamata mutane su ci gaba da kera motoci masu amfani da mai?
Wadanne wajibai na muhalli ya kamata mutane su kiyaye don tsararraki masu zuwa?[3][4]
Shin yana da kyau mutane su san dalilin da ya sa bacewar jinsin halittu don jin daɗin ɗan adam?
Ta yaya ya kamata ’yan Adam su yi amfani da su da kuma kiyaye yanayin sararin samaniya don aminta da faɗaɗa rayuwa?[5]
Wace rawa iyakoki Planetary za su iya takawa wajen sake fasalin dangantakar ɗan adam da duniya?[6]
Fannin ilimi na xa'a na muhalli ya taso ne a matsayin martani ga ayyukan Rachel Carson da Murray Bookchin da abubuwan da suka faru kamar ranar farko ta Duniya a 1970, lokacin da masana muhalli suka fara jan hankalin masana falsafa da su yi la'akari da fannonin falsafa na matsalolin muhalli. Takardu biyu da aka buga a Kimiyya suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci: Lynn White's "Tsarin Tarihi na Rikicin Mu'amalar Mu" (Maris 1967) [7] da Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (Disamba 1968).[9] Har ila yau, ya yi tasiri a cikin rubutun Garett Hardin daga baya mai suna "Bincika Sabbin Da'a don Rayuwa", da kuma wani makala na Aldo Leopold a cikin Almanac na Sand County, mai suna "The Land Ethic", wanda Leopold ya fito fili ya yi iƙirarin cewa tushen rikicin muhalli na falsafa ne (1949).[10]
Mujallolin ilimi na farko na kasa da kasa a wannan fanni sun fito ne daga Arewacin Amurka a karshen shekarun 1970 da farkon 1980 - Mujallar Muhalli ta Amurka a 1979 da Mujallar The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy a shekarar 1983. An kaddamar da Mujalla ta farko ta Burtaniya irin wannan, Muhalli Values19.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Jaworska, Agnieszka; Tannenbaum, Julie (2021), "The Grounds of Moral Status", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2024-06-07
- ↑ Mautner, Michael N. (2009). "Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space" (PDF). Bioethics. 23 (8): 433–440. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00688.x. PMID 19077128. S2CID 25203457.
- ↑ "Climate change victims estimated at millions in the near future, according to Christian Aid". Archived from the original on 2008-08-07. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ↑ Global Warming Killing Thousands". Wired. Reuters. 11 December 2003 – via www.wired.com.
- ↑ Mautner, Michael N. (2000). Seeding the Universe with Life: Securing Our Cosmological Future (PDF). Washington D. C.: Legacy Books. ISBN 0-476-00330-X.
- ↑ Steffen, Will (2015). "Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet" (PDF).
- ↑ White, Lynn (March 1967). "The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis". Science. 155 (3767): 1203–1207. Bibcode:1967Sci...155.1203W. doi:10.1126/science.155.3767.1203. PMID 17847526. S2CID 8076858.