Kabari na Harmony na Colombia
| Kabari na Harmony na Colombia | |
|---|---|
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
Federal district (en)  | District of Columbia (en) |
| City in the United States (en) | Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°55′N 76°59′W / 38.92°N 76.99°W |
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| History and use | |
| Opening | 1859 |
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Kabarin Harmony na Columbian wani kabari ne na Afirka da Amurka wanda a baya ya kasance a 9th Street NE da Rhode Island Avenue NE a Washington, DC, a Amurka. An gina shi a shekara ta 1859, shi ne magajin karamin Kabari na Harmoneon a cikin garin Washington. Dukkanin kaburbura a cikin makabartar an tura su zuwa National Harmony Memorial Park a Landover, Maryland, a cikin 1959. An sayar da wurin makabartar ga masu haɓakawa, kuma an yi amfani da wani ɓangare don tashar Rhode Island Avenue - Brentwood Washington Metro.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kafa da farkon shekarun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]The Colu Harmony Society wata kungiya ce ta taimakon juna da aka kafa a ranar ga Nuwamba, 1825, ta 'yan Afirka na Afirka masu 'yanci don taimakawa wasu baƙi. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1828, ta kafa "Harmoneon," wani makabartar musamman ga membobin al'umma. Wannan makabartar kadada 1.3 (5,300 m2) ce da ke da iyaka da 5th Street NW, 6th Street NW.[1] An fara binnewa a cikin 1829.
A ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1852, Majalisar Birnin Washington a cikin Gundumar Columbia ta zartar da wata doka ta gida wacce ta hana kirkirar sabbin makabarta a ko'ina cikin Georgetown ko a cikin yankin da ke da iyaka da Boundary Street (arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabas), 15th Street (gabas), East Capitol Street, Anacostia River, Potomac River, da Rock Creek. Saboda haka an kafa sabbin makabarta da yawa a cikin yankunan "ƙauyuka" a ciki da kewayen Washington: Kabarin Harmony na Columbian a DC; Kabarin Gate of Heaven a Silver Spring, Maryland; Kabarin Glenwood a DC; Dutsen Olivet a DC; da Kabarin Woodlawn a DC.
Ka yadda Har ya cika da sauri, an tilasta wa al'umma neman sabon wuraren binnewa. Ya samo a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1857, wani yanki na kadada 17 (69,000 m) wanda ke da iyaka da Rhode Island Avenue NE, Brentwood Road NE, T Street NE, da kuma hanyoyin jirgin kasa na Babban Birni Baltimore da Ohio Railroad. An kammala canja wurin kaburbura a shekara ta 1859. Ya sayar da tsohuwar shafin Harmoneon don $ 4,000. An sayi wani yanki na kadada 18 (73,000 m2) kusa da Kabari na Harmony na Columbian a lokacin rani na 1886. Daga farkon shekarun 1880 zuwa 1920, Kabarin Harmony na Columbian shine mafi yawan baƙar fata a Washington, tare da kashi 21.8 cikin dari na duk jana'izar Afirka ta Amirka da ke faruwa a can. Ba ta taɓa zama ƙasa da na huɗu a cikin jana'izar Afirka-Amurka ba, kuma tsakanin 1892 da 1919 ta kasance lamba ɗaya a kowace shekara amma ɗaya. A cikin 1895 kadai, an binne kashi ɗaya bisa uku na baƙi na Washington a can. Columbian Harmony na ɗaya daga cikin "babban biyar" na makabarta baƙar fata a cikin Gundumar Columbia. A shekara ta 1900 an kara shimfidar wuri da hanyoyi a ko'ina cikin makabartar. An gina ɗakin sujada a shekara ta 1899, kuma gidan mai kula a shekara ta 1912.
Matsalolin gudanarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kabarin Har na Columbian yana cikawa da sauri har masu shi suka yi la'akari da sayen sabon makabartar a waje da Gundumar Columbia. A shekara ta 1901, tana da kaburbura 10,000. A cikin 1929, ƙungiyar ta sayi kadada 44.75 (181,100 m2) kusa da Landover, Maryland, don $ 18,000. Wasu daga cikin masu mallakar wuraren binnewa da ke akwai sun kai karar a 1949 don hana sake komawa kaburbura. Kodayake an yi wasu jana'iza a sabon makabartar, babu wani canjin kabari da aka yi. A cikin 1950, al'umma ta dakatar da sababbin jana'iza a Kabari na Harmony na Columbian . A wannan lokacin, akalla tsoffin sojan Afirka 400, kusan dukansu tsoffin Sojojin Amurka, an binne su a can. A shekara ta 1953, al'umma ta sake komawa kaburbura a Huntsville zuwa wani makabartar da ke kusa kuma ta sayar da dukiyarta don $ 178,000 ga kamfanin ci gaban ƙasa.
Rashin sabbin jana'iza ya bar makabarta cikin mawuyacin halin kudi. Kabarin yana fuskantar asarar shekara-shekara na $ 3,000 a shekara.
Rufewa da kuma mayar da kaburbura
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]In 1957, real-estate investor Louis N. Bell offered to buy Columbian Harmony Cemetery. Bell informed the society that he would expand his 107.5 acres (435,000 m2) Forest Lawn Cemetery (which was near the society's former property in Landover) by 65 acres (260,000 m2). He offered the society a 25 percent stake in the new cemetery and to pay all relocation costs in exchange for the property in D.C. Although the society rejected this offer, negotiations continued. Bell eventually agreed to also establish a perpetual care fund, designate a 30 acres (120,000 m2) section of the cemetery as the "Harmony Section", and allowed the society to appoint half the board of the new cemetery association.
Da farko a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1960, an tura kusan kaburbura 37,000 zuwa National Harmony Memorial Park. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Gundumar Columbia dole ne ta tsara kuma ta sami amincewar sabon tsarin ka'idoji don gudanar da sake komawa. Kotun gundumar DC ta amince da bayar da umarni guda ɗaya, maimakon sake duba dubban shari'o'i. Dukkanin magada na waɗanda aka binne a Kabari na Columbia Harmony an tuntube su kuma an sami izinin su don motsa kaburbura. Fiye da ma'aikata 100 ne aka tono, aka sake su a cikin sabbin akwatuna, suka motsa, kuma suka sake binne matattu. An sake binnewa a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1960. Shi ne mafi girma makabartar motsawa a babban birnin kasar, kuma ya kai dala miliyan 1.
Koyaya, motsa kaburbura 37,000 tsakanin Mayu da Nuwamba 1960 yana nufin cewa an motsa daruruwan kowace rana, kuma babu lokacin "sake su cikin sabbin akwatuna", har ma akwai akwatuna 37,000. An sake binne mutane da yawa a cikin kabari. Abin takaici, yarjejeniyar sake komawa ba ta rufe abubuwan tunawa da abubuwan tunawa da ke akwai ba, wanda zai buƙaci gano ragowar, motsa alamomi, da binne kowane jiki tare da alamar da ta dace, idan akwai (yin babban kabari ba zai yiwu ba). Wannan zai dauki lokaci mai yawa. A cewar Maryland Historical Trust, babu wani daga cikin alamun kabarin da aka riƙe.[1] Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ragowar a Kabari na Harmony na Columbian an canja su kuma an sake binne su ba tare da gano wane mutum da ake sake binnewa ba.[1] An sayar da duwatsun a matsayin datti kuma an yi amfani da su don tabbatar da bakin kogi na Stuart Plantation, wani wurin kiyayewa na 1400 acre a bakin kogin Potomac a King George County, Virginia. A cikin 2016 Sanata na Jihar Virginia Richard Stuart ne ya sayi dukiyar, zuriyar masu mallakar asali, wanda ya gano alamun kabarin kuma ya nemi taimakon Gwamnan Virginia Ralph Northam don dawo da su. Wata kungiya mai zaman kanta za ta dawo da yawancin dutsen da za a iya amfani da su kuma ta aika su zuwa National Harmony, kuma za a sanya alamun tunawa da suka danganci su a Maryland da Virginia.[2] Ya kawo haske game da rashin adalci na tarihi a DC.[2]
Lokacin da aka gina tashar Rhode Island Avenue - Brentwood Metro a 1976, ma'aikata sun gano cewa ba duk gawarwakin ba ne aka tono su. Akalla akwatuna biyar ne aka tono, da ƙasusuwa da yawa. An sanya takarda a kan wani shafi kusa da ɗaya daga cikin ƙofofin tashar don tunawa da tsohon makabartar. Lokacin da aka gyara filin ajiye motoci a shafin a 1979, an gano wasu ƙasusuwa da raguwar zane da akwatunan gawa.[2]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kabari na Laurel, wani kabari na Afirka-Amurka a Baltimore, Maryland wanda ya sha wahala iri ɗaya a wannan lokacin