Kabari na Tsakiya na Vienna

Kabari na Tsakiya na Vienna
Maƙabarta
Bayanai
Farawa	1874
Ƙasa	Austriya
Tsarin gine-gine	Art Nouveau architecture (en)
Date of official opening (en)	1 Nuwamba, 1874
Appears in the heritage monument list (en)	Cultural heritage monuments in Simmering (en)
Heritage designation (en)	Listed objects in Austria (en)
Street address (en)	Simmeringer Hauptstraße
Shafin yanar gizo	friedhoefewien.at…
Landscape architect (en)	Alfred Friedrich Bluntschli (mul) da Carl Jonas Mylius (mul)
Wuri
48°09′03″N 16°26′17″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Austriya
Federal capital (en)	Vienna
Cadastral municipality of Austria (en)	Kaiserebersdorf (en)

Kabarin Tsakiya na Vienna (Jamusanci: ) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan makabarta a duniya ta yawan waɗanda aka binne, kuma shine mafi sananne a cikin kusan makabarta 50 na Vienna. Sunan makabartar yana nuna muhimmancinsa a matsayin babban makabartar Vienna, ba na wurin da yake ba, saboda ba a tsakiyar birnin babban birnin Austrian ba, amma a kudancin kudancin, a cikin gundumar Simmering.

Tarihi da bayanin

Ba kamar sauran mutane da yawa ba, Kabari na Tsakiya na Vienna ba wanda ya samo asali a hankali ba ne. Shawarwarin kafa sabon, babban makabartar Vienna ya zo ne a 1863 lokacin da ya bayyana cewa - saboda masana'antu - yawan mutanen garin zai karu har zuwa yadda makabarta na al'umma da ke akwai ba za su isa ba. Shugabannin birni sun yi tsammanin cewa Vienna, babban birnin babban Daular Austro-Hungary, zai karu zuwa mazauna miliyan huɗu a ƙarshen karni na 20, kamar yadda babu wanda ya ga rushewar Daular a 1918. Saboda haka majalisar birni ta sanya wani yanki a waje da iyakokin birni kuma mai girma, wanda zai isa na dogon lokaci. Sun yanke shawarar a 1869 cewa wani yanki mai laushi a Simmering ya kamata ya zama shafin yanar gizon Babban Kabari na gaba. An tsara makabartar ne a cikin 1870; bisa ga tsare-tsaren gine-ginen Frankfurt Karl Jonas Mylius da Alfred Friedrich Bluntschli waɗanda aka ba su kyautar aikin su ta hanyar angusta ad augusta (daga mummunan zuwa mai girma).

An buɗe makabartar a ranar All Saints a 1874. Koyaya tsarkakewa makabartar ba tare da gardama ba: halin interdenominational na sabon makabartar - ƙungiyoyin bangaskiya daban-daban da aka binne a ƙasa ɗaya - sun haɗu da tsayayya mai tsanani, musamman a cikin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Cocin Roman Katolika.

Wannan gardamar ta zama mafi tsananin tashin hankali lokacin da birnin ya sanar da cewa ba ya son bude sabon makabartar Katolika - amma ya ba da kuɗi mai yawa don gina sashin Yahudawa mai rarrabe. A ƙarshe, kungiyoyin sun cimma yarjejeniya wanda ya haifar da wakilan Katolika suna buɗe Kabari na Tsakiya tare da ƙaramin bikin. Saboda gujewa samun babban nuni na jama'a, an kaddamar da sabon makabartar kusan ba tare da an lura da shi ba a farkon safiyar 31 ga Oktoba 1874 ta hanyar Vienna Mayor Baron Cajetan von Felder da Cardinal Joseph Othmar Rauscher don kauce wa karuwar gardamar jama'a. Budewar hukuma na Kabari na Tsakiya ya faru ne washegari. Kabarin farko shi ne na Jacob Zelzer, wasu 15 sun biyo baya a wannan rana. Kabarin Yakubu Zelzer har yanzu yana kusa da ginin gwamnati a bangon makabarta.

Kabarin ya kai km2 (620 acres) tare da kaburbura 330,000 dauke da kimanin mutane miliyan 3 da suka mutu, kuma har zuwa binnewa 25 a kowace rana. Har ila yau, ita ce makabartar ta biyu mafi girma, bayan 4 square kilometres (990 acres) km2 na Kabarin Ohlsdorf na Hamburg, wanda shine mafi girma a Turai ta hanyar ƙasa.

Wani ba'a na Viennese yana da shi cewa Kabari na Tsakiya "rabi ne na German Zürich, amma sau biyu ya fi nishaɗi", (Jamusanci: Halb so grande wie Zürich - aber doppelt so lustig ist der Wiener Zentralfriedhof!).

A gaban babban ƙofar makabartar, a fadin Simmeringer Hauptstrasse, shine Feuerhalle Simmering, wurin ƙone gawa na farko na Vienna, wanda Clemens Holzmeister ya gina a 1922 a cikin salon sansanin gabas.

Cocin Kabari na St. Charles Borromeo shine babban cocin makabartar. An yi amfani da shi ana kiransa Dr. Karl-Lueger-Gedächtniskirche (Karl Lueger Memorial Church) saboda kabari na tsohon magajin garin Vienna a ƙarƙashin babban bagaden. Wannan coci a cikin Sabon Art Nouveau an gina shi a cikin 1908-1910 ta hanyar Max Hegele. Gidan ɓoye na Shugabannin Austria yana gaban cocin. Gidan jana'izar yana ƙarƙashin sarcophagus, tare da matakala da ke kaiwa zuwa ɗakin zagaye wanda ganuwar ta ke da ɗakuna inda za'a iya binne akwatuna ko akwatuna.

A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2023, masu lalata da ba a san su ba sun sanya wuta kuma sun yayyafa swastikas a bangon waje da dare a sashin Yahudawa na makabartar. An ƙone ƙofar ɗakin ɗakin biki a karo na farko tun bayan da 'yan Nazis suka yi Kisan kiyashi na Kristallnacht na 1938, amma babu wani rauni. Shugaban kasar Austria Karl Nehammer ne ya yi Allah wadai da harin.

Ehrengräber

A farkon jikinta, makabarta ba ta da mashahuri saboda nisan da take da shi daga tsakiyar gari. Wannan ya tilasta wa hukumomi yin tunani game da hanyoyin da za su sa ya fi kyau: Saboda haka an kafa kaburbura masu daraja (Jamusanci: ) a matsayin hanyar jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido.

An binne su a cikin Kabari na Tsakiya sanannun mutane kamar Ludwig van Beethoven da Franz Schubert, waɗanda aka ƙaura zuwa Kabari na tsakiya daga "Währinger Ostfriedhof" a cikin 1888; Johannes Brahms; Antonio Salieri; Johann Strauss II da Arnold Schoenberg. Wani cenotaph yana girmama Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, wanda aka binne shi a Kabari na St. Marx da ke kusa.