Kabari na Yahudawa
 Kabari na Yahudawa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Maƙabarta da wajen bauta |
| Fuskar | Yahudawa |
| Addini | Yahudanci |
| Al'ada |
Jewish culture (en)  |
| Contains (en) | kabari |
Kabari na Yahudawa (Ibraniyawa: בית עלמין 'beit almin' ko בית קברות beit kvarot) kabari ne inda ake binne Yahudawa bisa ga al'adar Yahudawa. Ana kiran makabarta a hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin Ibrananci, gami da beit kevarot (gidan kaburbura), beit almin (gida na har abada), beit olam [haba] (gidan bayan rayuwa), beit chayyim (gidan masu rai) da beit shalom (gidan zaman lafiya).
An dauki ƙasar makabarta a matsayin mai tsarki kuma ana gudanar da bikin tsarkakewa na musamman a lokacin da aka kaddamar da ita. Bisa ga al'adar Yahudawa, wuraren binne Yahudawa wurare ne masu tsarki kuma dole ne su kasance ba tare da damuwa ba har abada. Kafa makabartar yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci ga sabuwar al'ummar Yahudawa. Ana sayen makabartar Yahudawa gabaɗaya kuma ana tallafawa da kudaden jama'a.[1] Sanya ƙananan duwatsu a kan kaburbura al'adar Yahudawa ce daidai da kawo furanni ko kambi zuwa kaburbura. An yi amfani da furanni, kayan yaji, da rassan wani lokaci, amma an fi son dutse saboda a cikin Addinin Yahudawa ana ganin shi musamman a matsayin al'adar Yahudawa.[2]
Nuna girmamawa ga matattu (kevod ha-met) yana da mahimmanci ga dokar Yahudawa. Haɗin tsakanin rai da jikin mutum bayan mutuwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na imanin Yahudawa a madawwamiyar rai. Don haka, gano matattu, samun fa'ida daga gawar ko kabari, ko yin aiki a kowace hanya da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin "ba'a ga marasa taimako" (l'oeg l'rash), kamar yin maganganu masu banƙyama ko yin ba'a, amma kuma shiga cikin jin daɗi ko bukatun masu rai, kamar cin abinci, shan giya ko shan sigari, an haramta su a gaban matattu.
Nuna girmamawa ga matattu kuma yana buƙatar binnewa cikin sauri, watsi da wasu ƙuntatawa na rabbi a kan Shabbat da bukukuwan addini don tabbatar da kula da matattu, tsaftacewar al'ada (tahara) da sanya jikin a cikin sutura (tachrichim) kafin binnewa, da kuma dokoki game da halin da ya dace a cikin makabartar. Wadannan wajibai an fahimta da al'ada a matsayin furcin chesed shel emet (Ibraniyawa: חֶסֶד שֶׁל אֱמֶת, "alheri na gaskiya"), ra'ayi na ka'idar Yahudawa wanda ke kwatanta ayyukan alheri da aka yi wa matattu, wanda ba zai iya mayar da martani ba. Kula da matattu da kuma kula da wuraren binnewa saboda haka ana daukar su a matsayin mafi girman nau'ikan alhakin al'umma a cikin dokar Yahudawa da aiki.
Don tabbatar da cewa an cika bukatun jana'izar Yahudawa kuma an ba kowane memba na al'umma jana'izar da ta dace, al'ummomin Yahudawa sun kafa al'ummomi na jana'izar waɗanda aka sani da chevra kadisha, 'Al'umma Mai Tsarki', don samar da waɗannan ayyukan kyauta. A cikin manyan al'ummomin Yahudawa, ana rarraba makabarta a wasu lokuta zuwa sassan bisa ga chevra kadisha wanda ke amfani da shi kuma yana da alhakin wannan ɓangaren kula da makabarta.
Tarihi
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Kabarin Yahudawa na farko sun kasance a waje da birnin. A cikin Diaspora, al'ada ce a binne matattu da ƙafafu a kan hanyar Urushalima. Wasu binciken sun nuna cewa za a binne matattu tare da ɗan ƙasa daga Ƙasar Mai Tsarki. Dutsen kabarin yawanci suna da rubutun Ibrananci da yaren yankin. A lokacin mulkin Nazi Nazi Jamus, an lalata makabarta ta Yahudawa a duk faɗin Turai kuma an lalata su; saboda wannan dalili, wasu makabarta sun zama wuraren tunawa da Holocaust, kamar makabarta a cikin Warsaw Ghetto.[3]
Kabarin Yahudawa na OId a Sarajevo, wanda ke kan gangaren dutsen Trebević, a yankin Kovačići-Debelo Brdo, shine mafi girman makabartar Yahudawa a Kudu maso gabashin Turai, [4] kuma na biyu mafi girma a Turai bayan Tsohon Kabarin Yahudawa a Prague. [5] An yi amfani da shi kusan shekaru ɗari huɗu, daga farkon karni na 16 ko 17, [4] amma mai yiwuwa daga 1630 [5] har zuwa 1966.
Ayyukan makabartar Yahudawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manufar Shirin Kabari na Yahudawa na Duniya shine yin rikodin kowane wurin binne Yahudawa a duniya.[6]
An kafa shirin Lo Tishkach na Kabari na Yahudawa na Turai a cikin 2006 a matsayin aikin hadin gwiwa na Taron Rabin Turai da Taron kan Da'awar Kayan Yahudawa akan Jamus. Manufarta ita ce tabbatar da inganci da kuma adanawa na dindindin na makabarta na Yahudawa da kaburbura a duk faɗin nahiyar Turai.
An kafa shirin makabarta na Yahudawa na ESJF a Turai a cikin 2015 a matsayin mai zaman kansa na Jamus. Ya sami tallafin farko na Yuro miliyan 1 daga gwamnatin Jamus a cikin 2015 [1] A watan Nuwamba na 2018 EJSF ta sami tallafin Tarayyar Turai don aikin binciken jama'a na wuraren binne Yahudawa ta amfani da jirage marasa matuka. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 an ba da ƙarin tallafi don sabon aikin 2019-2021 "Kariya ga makabarta na Yahudawa na Turai: Ci gaba da tsarin taswirar, masu ruwa da tsaki" sa hannu da wayar da kan jama'a. "[2]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rashin mutuwa a addinin Yahudanci
- Category:Girgin Yahudawa ta ƙasa
- Jerin makabarta na Yahudawa a Amurka
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "IAJGS cemetery site". Iajgs.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ↑ "Rabbi David Wolpe: Putting Stones on Jewish Graves". Archived from the original on 2014-10-21. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
- ↑ "Rabbi David Wolpe: Putting Stones on Jewish Graves". Archived from the original on 2014-10-21. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
- 1 2 Permanent Delegation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to UNESCO. "Jewish Cemetery in Sarajevo". whc.unesco.org (in Turanci). UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
- 1 2 "Jewish cemetery in Sarajevo, the burial ground ensemble". old.kons.gov.ba. Commission to preserve national monuments. 30 August 2004. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ↑ "IAJGS cemetery site". Iajgs.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2012-12-25.