Kabarin Amarna 3
| Kabarin Amarna 3 | |
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| Wuri | |
| Coordinates | 27°40′N 30°55′E / 27.66°N 30.91°E |
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Kabarin Amarna 3 wani kabari ne na dutse wanda ke cikin Amarna, Upper Egypt . Kabarin ya kasance na Tsohon Masarawa mai daraja Ahmes (Ahmose), wanda ya yi aiki a lokacin mulkin Akhenaton . Kabarin yana a gindin dutse mai tsawo da dutse a arewa maso gabashin filin Amarna.[1] Tana a gefen arewacin Wadi wanda ya raba tarin kaburbura da aka sani gaba ɗaya a matsayin kaburbura na Arewa. Amarna Kabari na 3 yana ɗaya daga cikin kaburbura shida na jami'an Akhenaten . [2] Yana ɗaya daga cikin kaburbura na farko na Arewa, wanda aka gina a Shekara ta 9 na mulkin Akhenaten.
Masanin kimiyyar Masar John Gardiner Wilkinson ne ya fara taswirar Kabarin Arewa a farkon karni na 19. Binciken farko na Amarna Tomb 3 ya yi ne daga masanin kimiyyar Masar na Faransa Nestor L"Hôte a cikin 1839. [3] L'Hôte ya yi gyare-gyare da kwafin zane-zane a cikin kabarin, yana ba da gudummawa ga nazarin zamani na shafin kamar yadda yawancin waɗannan hotuna ba sa ganuwa. Kabarin Ahmose yana ba da haske game da al'adun binnewar Masar da gine-ginen jana'izar a lokacin Sabon Mulki.
Ahmose
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da aka rubuta a cikin kabarin sun rubuta sunayen sarauta na Ahmose a matsayin mai gudanarwa na fadar. Wadannan sun hada da "Marufi na Gaskiya na Sarki", "Mai ɗaukar magoya baya a hannun dama na Sarki", ""Superintendent na Gidan Kotun", "Ma'aikacin Gidan Akhenaten", "Royal Chancellor", "Aboki da na Farko na Abokai", da kuma "Mabiyan ƙafafun Ubangiji na Kasashe Biyu". Waƙoƙin da ke cikin kabarin sun nuna cewa Ahmose ya fara aiki ga Akhenaten tun yana saurayi, kuma ya yi masa hidima har sai ya tsufa. Rubutun sun kuma nuna cewa Ahmose yana da ɗa, Nefer-kheperu-ra . Baya ga wannan taƙaitaccen bayanan, babu wani bayani game da rayuwar Ahmose.
Tsarin kabarin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Amarna Tomb 3 wani kabari ne mai tsari na giciye wanda ya kunshi dakuna biyu na rectangular da kuma wurin ibada. Kabarin yana da ɗan gajeren nesa daga Kabarin Meryra, Babban Firist. Ƙofar kabarin tana kallon yankin kudu maso yammacin filayen Amarna. Gidan kabarin ya kunshi ƙofar ƙofa mai sauƙi na dutse wanda aka yi wa ado da waƙoƙi da addu'o'i ga allahn Aten. Wani bangare uku, bangon, farfajiyar tubali yana gaban ƙofar kabarin.[4] lintel da jambs na ƙofar waje suna dauke da rubutun addu'a ga Fir'auna Akhenaten . Bayan wucewa ta ƙofar, an kai ƙaramin ƙofar da aka yi wa ado wanda ke kaiwa ga zauren waje. Ragowar launi sun nuna cewa zane-zane da aka fentin sun taɓa yin ado da rufin da bangon wannan ƙofar. Gidan da ke waje ya ƙunshi ɗaki mai zurfi mai siffar rectangular tare da bangon da aka yi da rufin rufi.[5] Ƙofar da aka yi da ita tana kaiwa ga zauren ciki. An sanya zauren ciki a kusurwar dama zuwa zauren waje, wanda ke dauke da shafuka biyu na binnewa a kowane ƙarshen. Shafin binnewa na farko ya kai kimanin mita talatin.[5]
Kayan ado na kabarin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ganuwar waje: Ahmes a cikin addu'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ganuwar waje ta kabarin tana nuna hotuna biyu na Ahmose sanye da tufafin gargajiya na wani dan Masar. Abubuwan da suka faru da matani sun sha wahala sosai, amma kwafin farko sun nuna cewa an nuna Ahmose a bangarorin biyu na ƙofar a kan kaurin bango. Yana sanye da dogon rigar tare da belin da aka yi wa ado da aka ɗaure a wuyan hannu, takalma masu laushi, dogon gashi madaidaici, babban kawun da kuma wuyan zinariya.[6] An nuna Ahmose a cikin sujada ga cartouche na Aten kuma an yi masa ado da alamar Fir'auna. A cikin hotuna, Ahmose yana riƙe da abubuwa na al'ada waɗanda ke nuna matsayinsa na hukuma a cikin fadar. Yana riƙe da fan, wani abu da ke da alaƙa da aikinsa a matsayin "mai ɗaukar fan a hannun dama na sarki". An nuna shi da gatari na yaƙi na Masar, yana nufin matsayinsa a cikin soja.[6] Fans din da gatari suna ɗaure tare, an ɗaure su a cikin madauri kuma an ɗauke su a kafaɗarsa. Wannan yanayin yana tare da addu'o'in Ahmose wanda ke girmama allahn Aten da dangin sarauta. Addu'o'in Ahmose don wadatar iyalinsa, musamman ga ɗansa Nefer-kheperu-ra, [6] an gabatar da su tare da waɗannan rubutun.
Rubutun Girkanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An zana misalai hamsin da tara na rubutun Helenanci a cikin ƙananan gyare-gyare na kabarin. Sir John Gardiner Wilkinson ne ya gano rubutun a cikin 1835. Barry Kemp, Darakta na Bincike a Amarna, ya bayyana cewa wannan rubutun zai iya kasancewa a zamanin Ptolemaic.[7] Rubutun ya rubuta saƙonni da sunayen baƙi na kabarin, mafi yawansu ana zaton sojoji ne. Wani rubutu a cikin gangaren ya rubuta saƙo daga baƙon Girka; "Na zo. Shekara 37".[6] Mafi sanannun rubutun Girkanci daga kabarin yana kusa da ƙofar waje na kabarin. Rubutun ya karanta: "wanda ya hau nan, Catullinus ya zana wannan a ƙofar, yana mamakin fasahar masu tsarki".[6] Wannan rubutun yana ba da haske game da hangen nesa na Girka game da fasaha, fasaha da gine-gine na Masarawa na Dā. Wani saƙo shine rubutun Kirista na Coptic, yana ba da shaida ga mamayar Coptic na shafin.[8] Kiristoci na Coptic sun mamaye shafin yanar gizon Arewacin Kabari a ƙarni na biyar da na shida AD.[7] Sun zauna a kabarin Ahmose, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da ƙananan ganuwar waje guda biyu waɗanda mazauna daga baya suka gina.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "North Tombs - Amarna The Place - Amarna Project". www.amarnaproject.com. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ↑ Stevens, Anna (2016). "Tell el-Amarna". UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology.
- ↑ "The Amarna Discovery Timeline". AMARNA:3D (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:4 - 1 2 Kemp, Barry (2013). "The Rock Tombs of Amarna". The Akhenaten Sun. The Amarna Research Foundation. 19: 8.
- ↑ Jones, Michael (1991). "The Early Christian Sites at Tell El-Amarna and Sheikh Said". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 77: 129–144. doi:10.1177/030751339107700111. S2CID 193602882.
- ↑ Sigl, Johanna (2011). "Weaving Copts in the North Tombs of Tell el-Amarna". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur. 40: 357–386. ISSN 0340-2215. JSTOR 41812325.