Kabarin Kha da Merit
| Kabarin Kha da Merit | |
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| Coordinates | 25°43′44″N 32°36′03″E / 25.72892°N 32.60089°E |
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Kabarin Kha da Merit, wanda kuma aka sani da lambar kabarinsa Theban Tomb 8 ko TT8, shine wurin jana'izar da kuma binne tsohon shugaban Masar Kha da matarsa Merit, a cikin makabartar arewacin ƙauyen Deir el-Medina na ma'aikata. Kha ya kula da ma'aikatan da suka gina kaburburan sarki a lokacin mulkin fir'auna Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV da Amenhotep III (r. 1425 - 1353 BC) a tsakiyar daular sha takwas na farkon sabuwar Masarautar Masar. Ba a san asalinsa ba, wataƙila ya tashi zuwa matsayinsa ta hanyar fasaha kuma aƙalla sarki ɗaya ya ba shi lada. Shi da matarsa Merit sun haifi 'ya'ya uku da aka sani. Kha ya mutu a cikin shekarunsa 60, yayin da Merit ya mutu a gabansa, da alama ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin 20s ko 30s.
An san ɗakin ma'aurata mai siffar dala tun aƙalla 1818 lokacin da Bernardino Drovetti ya sayi ɗaya daga cikin gidan jana'izarsu. An fara kwafin al'amuran ɗakin sujada a ƙarni na 19 ta masanan Masarautar farko da suka haɗa da John Gardiner Wilkinson da Karl Lepsius. Hotunan sun nuna Kha da Merit suna karɓar kyauta daga 'ya'yansu kuma suna bayyana a gaban Osiris, allahn matattu. An lalata kayan ado a cikin shekarun millennia, yana tabarbarewa saboda lalata tsarin da ayyukan ɗan adam.
An datse kabarin Kha da Merit a gindin duwatsun daura da dakin ibadarsu. Wannan matsayi ya ba da damar binne shi cikin sauri ta hanyar tarkace da zaftarewar ƙasa ta ajiye da kuma gina kabari, inda aka ɓoye wurin da ’yan fashi na dā suka yi. An gano kabarin da bai damu ba a cikin watan Fabrairun 1906 a cikin tona asirin da Masanin ilimin Masar Ernesto Schiaparelli ya jagoranta a madadin Ofishin Jakadancin Italiyanci na Archaeological. Gidan jana'izar ya ƙunshi abubuwa sama da 400 da suka haɗa da tarkace da gadaje da aka tsara a hankali, akwatunan adana kaya masu kyau, tufafi da kayan aiki, tebura mai cike da abinci irin su burodi, nama da 'ya'yan itace, da kuma manyan sarcophagi na katako guda biyu na ma'auratan da ke ɗauke da mummies ɗin gawarsu. An saka jikin Merit da abin rufe fuska na jana'iza; An ba Kha ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kwafin Littafin Matattu. Mummyn su basu ta6a kwance ba. Rayukan X-ray, CT scan da kuma nazarin sinadarai sun bayyana cewa ba a yi amfani da su kamar yadda aka saba ba amma duka jikin biyu suna da kyau. Dukansu suna sanye da kayan adon ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin bandejinsu, kodayake Kha ce kaɗai ke da layukan jana'iza.
Kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ke cikin kabarin an bayar da su ne ga ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai kuma an tura su Italiya jim kadan bayan gano hakan. An nuna su a cikin Museo Egizio a Turin tun zuwan su, kuma an sadaukar da su duka. An sake fasalin wannan sau da yawa.
Aikin Kha da iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]wani jami'i a ƙauyen ma'aikata da aka sani a yau da sunan Deir el-Medina a lokacin tsakiyar daular sha takwas ta Sabuwar Mulki.[1] Sau da yawa ana magana da shi a matsayin mai zane-zane ko mai tsarawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen zamani, ya jagoranci ma'aikatan da suka yanke da kuma yi ado da kaburburan sarauta a cikin kwarin Sarakuna ("Babban Wuri"[2]) a cikin mulkin Fir'auna guda uku masu zuwa: Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, da Amenhotep III (r. 1425 - 1153 BC). Ba a san asalin Kha ba. Iyayensa daya tilo da aka shaida shi ne mahaifinsa, Iuy, wanda ba shi da lakabi kuma ba a san komai game da shi ba. Don haka ana kyautata zaton Kha ya samu matsayinsa ne ta hanyar fasaha.[3] Kha yana da dangantaka ta kud da kud da wani jami'i mai suna Neferhebef, ya ba da shawarar ya zama mai ba shi shawara ko malami, wanda ya jagoranci gina kabarin Amenhotep II. An nuna Neferhebef tare da matarsa a wani wurin girmamawa a dakin jana'izar Kha, kuma sunansa ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin kabarin Kha.[4]
Wataƙila Kha ya fara aikinsa a zamanin Amenhotep II, [19] mai yiwuwa yana aiki akan kabarin sarauta a ƙarƙashin kulawar Neferhebef. an ba shi lakabin “mai kula da ayyuka a cikin Babban Wuri” (imy-r kꜣ (w) t m st Ꜥꜣ (t)). Ya kuma sami lakabin "mai kula da ayyukan gwamnatin tsakiya" (imy-r kꜣ(w)t pr-Ꜥꜣ) da "marubuci sarki" (sš nswt).[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ranke 1935, p. 263; Binder 2008, p. 240.
- ↑ Reeves & Wilkinson 2010, p. 18
- ↑ Vassilika 2010, p. 7.
- ↑ Russo 2012, pp. 15, 22, 73, 77
- ↑ Russo suggests Kha entered the bureaucracy at the end of his career based on these two titles.[25] Eleni Vassilika suggests "royal scribe" was an early position he held,[17] while Russo considers it was late in his career based on the style and intricacy of the two staffs the title appears on.[26] The Egyptologist Dimitri Laboury [fr] doubts the title referred to Kha at all as the texts in both the chapel and tomb have many grammatical errors. He posits the sticks were gifts from a colleague who bore the title.[27]