Kabarin Yuya da Thuya
| Kabarin Yuya da Thuya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Misra |
Governorate of Egypt (en)  | Luxor Governorate (en) |
| Birni | Luxor |
| Coordinates | 25°44′27″N 32°36′10″E / 25.7408°N 32.6028°E |
 | |
| Occupant (en) |
Yuya (en) |
| Karatun gine-gine | |
| Tsawo | 21.31 meters |
| Yawan fili | 62.36 m² |
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Kabarin Yuya da Thuya, wanda kuma aka sani da lambar kabarin sa KV46, shine wurin binne tsohon mai martaba Yuya na Masar da matarsa Thuya, a cikin kwarin Sarakuna. Su ne iyayen Sarauniya Tiye, babbar matar Fir'auna Amenhotep III, kakan Tutankhamun.. An gano kabarin su ne a watan Fabrairun 1905 da masanin ilmin Masar James E. Quibell, ya hako karkashin kulawar wani attajirin nan dan kasar Amurka Theodore M. Davis. An yi fashin kabarin a zamanin da, amma ya adana abubuwa da yawa na asali da suka haɗa da ƙirji, gadaje, kujeru, karusa, da tuluna masu yawa. Bugu da ƙari, an gano mummies na Yuya da Thuya waɗanda ba su da lahani a cikin akwatunan akwatin gawa. Kafin gano kabarin Tutankhamun, an dauki wannan a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka gano a cikin Egiptology.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kabari da fashi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yuya da Thuya tsoffin sarakunan Masar ne waɗanda suka rayu a tsakiyar daular sha takwas ta Sabuwar Masarautar Masar. Ma'auratan sun fito ne daga Akhmim, kuma suna da laƙabi da ke da alaƙa da bautar gunkin wurin Min. Ko da yake ba ’yan sarauta ba ne, ‘yarsu Tiye ta zama babbar matar Fir’auna Amenhotep III.[2] An binne su a wani kabari mai zaman kansa a kwarin sarakuna[3].
An yi wa kabarinsu fashi a zamanin da, mai yiwuwa sau uku: na farko jim kadan bayan rufe kabarin, sannan sau biyu a lokacin gina kaburburan da ke kusa da KV3 da KV4. A lokacin kwasar ganima na farko, an cire kayan da ke lalacewa kawai kamar mai; wadanda suka tafi rancid an bar su. A karo na biyu da na uku duk da haka 'yan fashin sun kwashe mafi yawan kayan ado da lilin da ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da mummies. An yi ɗan ƙaramin ƙoƙari don maido da tsari a cikin kabarin bayan an yi fashi, tare da rufe jikin Thuya da mayafi, an cika kwalaye, da kuma toshewar da aka karya a wani yanki na sake tarawa.[1]
Ganowa da sharewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kabarin Yuya da Thuya, mai lamba KV46, an gano shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairun 1905 a cikin tonowar da James Quibell ya yi, a madadin Theodore Davis.[2] Kabarin yana cikin wani kwarin gefe tsakanin KV3 da KV4.[3] Davis' da ya gabata lokacin 1902-1903 na tono ya gano kaburburan Thutmose IV (KV43) da Hatshepsut (KV20) a cikin wani karamin kwarin gefen kuma an sake tono rami a wannan yanki a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1904.[4] Da yake gano cewa ba a gano kome ba a lokacin da ya isa a watan Janairun 1905, tononi ya koma wani yanki mai kunkuntar, wanda har yanzu ba a gano shi ba tsakanin kaburburan KV3 da KV4. Wannan yanki an rufe shi da "babban banki na kwakwalwan kwamfuta, da alama na wucin gadi, kuma a fili ba a taɓa shi ba na dogon lokaci" wanda Quibell yayi tunanin zai iya ɓoye wani kabari na farko. Da yake kwatanta wurin a matsayin "mafi rashin alƙawari", Davis ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa cewa "bincike mai kyau ya ba da hujjar tono shi, kuma zai zama gamsuwa don sanin dukan kwarin, koda kuwa bai haifar da komai ba."
An fara tono rami a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1905 kuma a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu an nuna wa Davis matakin farko na yanke kabari ta wurin babban jami'insa da ma'aikatansa; da yammacin ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, kofar ta fito gaba daya. An yanke ƙofar da lintel ɗin ƙawanci cikin ƙaƙƙarfan dutsen kuma an auna 4.02 ta mita 1.35 (13.2 ft × 4.4 ft). Duwatsun da aka rufe da filastar laka ne aka toshe ƙofar ƙofar amma an buɗe don saman inci 18 (stimita 46), wanda ke nuni da cewa an buɗe kabarin kuma wataƙila an yi sata a dā. Duk da cewa ya kusa duhu, Davis da Arthur Weigall, sabon Babban Sufeto na Antiquities, sun hango tazarar da ke tattare da toshewar. Sai suka ga wani koridor da ke faɗuwa sosai sai Davis ya hango wata sanda a kusa da ƙofar. Ba shi da tsani, ƙaramin yaro, ɗan reis (foreman),[5] aka ɗaga don ɗauko abin; Ya komo da gyale na dutse, da karkiyar karusa ban da sandar. A wannan maraice, Davis ya nuna wa Gaston Maspero waɗannan abubuwan, wanda, da abubuwan da abubuwan da kuma ainihin wanda ya mallaki kabarin ya burge shi, ya nemi ya kasance a wurin shiga cikin kabarin washegari.[6]