Kada ku bi doka
 Kada ku bi doka | |
|---|---|
| doka | |
| Bayanai | |
| Muhimmin darasi |
Do Not Track (en)  |
Kar a bi doka tana kare haƙƙin masu amfani da Intanet don zaɓar ko suna son sa ido daga gidajen yanar gizo na ɓangare na uku ko a'a. An kira shi sigar kan layi na " Kada a kira ". Wannan nau'in doka yana da goyon bayan masu kare sirri kuma masu tallace-tallace da sabis suna adawa da wannan nau'in bayanan don keɓance abun cikin gidan yanar gizo. [1] Kada Ka Bibiya (DNT) filin taken HTTP a da, an tsara shi don bawa masu amfani da intanet damar ficewa daga bin diddigin gidajen yanar gizo-wanda ya haɗa da tarin bayanai game da ayyukan mai amfani a cikin mahallin mabambanta, da riƙe, amfani, ko raba wannan bayanan a waje da mahallin sa. Ƙoƙarin daidaitawa Kar a Bibiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Yanar Gizo ta Duniya bai cimma burinsu ba kuma ya ƙare a cikin Satumba 2018 saboda rashin isassun turawa da tallafi.
Dubawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tare da haɓaka fasahar Intanet, yawancin mutane, ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyi suna hulɗa da juna sosai. Misali, Facebook yana bawa masu amfani da shi damar yin cudanya da juna. Google yana ba da sabis na imel da nishaɗi ta hanyar Gmail da YouTube . Abokan ciniki suna biyan kuɗi don ayyukan ko suna fallasa su ga tallace-tallace. Yayin da ake sarrafa wannan hulɗar, masu amfani suna barin alamar bayanansu na sirri kamar adireshin IP ko tarihin bincike akan intanit.
Bayanin sirri ya zama kadara mai mahimmanci saboda yawancin 'yan kasuwa na kasuwanci suna amfani da shi don aiwatar da tallace-tallacen da aka yi niyya ko tallan tallace-tallace . [2] A cewar sanarwar manema labarai daga Consumer Watchdog, duk da haka, akwai damuwa da yawa game da tarin bayanan sirri. [3] [4] Masu ba da izini na sirri suna damuwa game da gaskiyar cewa kamfanonin injin bincike na iya adanawa da amfani da bayanan masu amfani, tarihin likita, bayanan laifuka, wuri, da kuma fuskantar su don aiwatar da dabarun talla. A kokarin rage wa annan damuwar, 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka da dama na kokarin kafa dokoki don kare sirrin masu amfani da intanet.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2010, Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayyar Amurka (FTC) ta buga wani rahoto na farko da ke nuna haƙƙin masu amfani da su na hana gidajen yanar gizo bibiyar halayensu na kan layi. Babban ginshiƙi na lissafin shine ƙara aikin dainawa zuwa masu binciken gidan yanar gizo. FTC ta yanke hukunci cewa tarin bayanan sirri na 'yan kasuwa na kan layi na iya keta sirrin sirri. Wannan batu ya sake bayyana a cikin 2012 bayan Google ya sanar da sabuwar manufarsa ta sirri. Wakilai Edward Markey, Joe Barton, da Cliff Stearns sun tambayi FTC don bincika halaccin canjin tsarin sirri na Google. Sun aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga FTC game da canza tsarin sirri na Google. [5] [6]
Haƙƙin da za a manta da shi (Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ra'ayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarayyar Turai ta bayyana damuwarta game da sarrafa bayanan sirri. A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2012, Viviane Reding, Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, ya ba da shawarar Dokar Kariya ta Gabaɗaya wacce ta fi tsananin tsari fiye da umarnin 95/46/EC. Wannan haƙƙin ne don tambayar masu ba da sabis don share bayanan sirri waɗanda dillalan bayanai suka tattara a ƙarƙashin izinin masu amfani don ƙarfafa kariyar bayanan mai amfani. Haƙƙin mantawa kuma ya haɗa da ra'ayi na ba za a bincika ba, da kuma rubutattun bayanan da ba a sani ba.
Dokar ta ba da shawarar masu ba da sabis don neman izini daga masu amfani da su lokacin da suke mu'amala da bayanan sirri masu mahimmanci. Lokacin rashin bin ƙa'idar, za a ci tarar masu ba da sabis har Yuro miliyan 1 ko 2% na alkalumman tallace-tallacen su. [7] [8]
Reding ya bayyana cewa canjin ka'idoji da ke da alaƙa da yanayin Intanet na baya ba makawa ne saboda sauye-sauyen yanayi na dijital kamar ci gaban fasaha da haɓaka duniya. Ta kuma bayyana cewa amincin kamfanonin Intanet a halin yanzu ya ragu saboda raunin sarrafa bayanan sirri. Dokar da aka gabatar za ta haɗa da:
- Ikon sarrafa bayanan sirri
- Dokokin da suka dace ba kawai na kamfanoni da ke cikin yankin EU ba, har ma ga kamfanonin da ke mu'amala da bayanan sirri na 'yan EU
- Nemi izinin bayyanan masu amfani kafin tattara bayanan sirri
- An yi amfani da ƙa'idar haɗin kai ga dukan EU
- Rahoto na wajibi lokacin da yabo bayanai ya auku
- Canja wurin bayanin sirri lokacin da masu amfani suka canza mai bada sabis na Intanet
Rashin amincewa da dokar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayin martani ga shawarwarin, akwai ƙorafi da yawa a kan dokar.
- Kamfanoni suna adawa da shi, suna iƙirarin cewa ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin intanit za su tsananta yanayin tattalin arziƙin EU kuma ya jinkirta ci gaban masana'antar Intanet
- Edward Vaizey, Ministan Al'adu, Sadarwa da Masana'antu na Ƙirƙira a Birtaniya, ya nuna shakku kan yadda za su iya aiwatar da "yancin da za a manta da su" tun da yake yana da sauƙi a sake maimaita ainihin kwafin abun ciki akan Intanet
- Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Dijital (CDD) ta yi tsammanin cewa ba zai kasance da sauƙi ga EU don cimma yarjejeniya tare da masu ba da sabis na Intanet [9] ba.
Yi watsi da lambobin rajistar mazaunin (Koriya ta Kudu)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ra'ayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Anyi amfani da lambobin rajistar mazaunin (RRN) don dalilai na tantance kan layi a Koriya ta Kudu . Hukumar Sadarwa ta Koriya ta gabatar da wata doka da ke hana gidajen yanar gizo na Intanet waɗanda ke da fiye da 10,000 masu amfani yau da kullun tattarawa da amfani da RRN; ya fara aiki a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 2012. Za a fadada kewayon doka zuwa kowane gidan yanar gizon a cikin 2013.
Rashin amincewa da dokar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da haka, akwai dalilai da suka saba wa wannan doka:
- Ana buƙatar gabatar da RRN don gano masu amfani azaman hanyar kare masu amfani masu rauni kamar matasa ko naƙasassu daga abun ciki mara kyau.
- Ana amfani da RRN sosai don ma'amala ta kan layi amma babu wasu hanyoyin da suka dace
- Shirya tsarin don wasu hanyoyin tabbatarwa kamar i-PIN ko takaddun shaida na iya ɗaukar nauyin tattalin arziki akan masu samar da sabis.
Adawa don Kar a Bibiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai gardama akan Kar a Bibiya shawarwari. Abokan hamayya suna jaddada fa'idodin tattalin arzikin sa na tallan halayen kan layi da ingancin sabis ɗin sa. A bisa dalilansu:
- Tallan halayen kan layi (OBA) da imel sune hanyoyin talla mafi inganci. Dokokin sirri na iya rage tasirin tallan ɗabi'a. Idan tasirin OBA ya tabarbare, amincin ingancin tallan zai ragu, don haka yana hana duk farfadowar tattalin arziki [10]
- Nuna ɗabi'a muhimmin sashi ne na hanyar sadarwar talla, mai wallafa, da nasarar mai talla. Tallace-tallacen da aka yi niyya da ɗabi'a muhimmin tushen kudaden shiga ne ga masu wallafa da hanyoyin sadarwar talla. Abubuwan da masu talla ke goyan bayan abu ne mai mahimmanci na kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya.
- Masu ba da sabis kamar Google suna tattara bayanan sirri don samar da sabis mai inganci. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tarin bayanai an gyaggyara yana nuna canje-canjen yanayi.
Martanin kamfanonin kan layi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga cikin manyan masu binciken gidan yanar gizo da injunan bincike, manufar Kada a bibiya ta kasance mai cike da cece-kuce. Misali, canjin rikice-rikicen Google zuwa saitunan sirrinsa a cikin 2012, ya tayar da tambayoyi kan yadda kamfanoni za su fassara da aiwatar da manufar Kada Ka Bibiya. Har ila yau, a cikin 2012, Microsoft ya aiwatar da zaɓin Kada Ka Bibiya a cikin Internet Explorer 10 browser a matsayin saitunan da aka saba da shi, wanda ya haifar da yawancin maganganun jama'a da suka daga manyan kamfanoni. Sarah Downey, daga Abine Inc., ta yi tsokaci a kan hanyar sadarwar kasuwanci ta Fox cewa ko da kun shiga kan zaɓin Kada ku bibiya, masu talla za su iya tattara bayananku kuma su bibiyar halayen ku. Abine Inc. ya ƙirƙiri wani abin ƙarawa Kada Track Plus wanda yayi ikirarin toshe sa ido gaba ɗaya. Downey ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa zaɓin in-browser Kada a Bibiya shine ƙarin "saƙon son rai" ko "buƙata, ba wajibi ba" ga masu tallan kada su bibiyar ku.
Bugu da ƙari, Digital Advertising Alliance ya bayyana, a farkon wannan shekara a ƙungiyar masana'antu, cewa zaɓin Kada a bi ya kamata ya zama "zaɓin da kowane mabukaci ya yi", wanda sabuwar software ta Microsoft ta musanta wannan zaɓin. A Yahoo! Manufofin shafin yanar gizon kuma suna jayayya cewa shawarar Microsoft "yana rage gwaninta ga yawancin masu amfani kuma yana da wahala a iya isar da ƙimar mu ga su". Masu gudanarwa daga Dell, IBM, Intel, Visa, Verizon, Walmart, da Yahoo!, daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan farko na manufofin Kar a Bibiya, suna jayayya cewa Microsoft ya kamata "daidaita tare da manyan kasuwancin kasuwanci ta hanyar samar da zabi ta hanyar tsoho na 'kashe' akan saitin 'kada ku bibiyar' burauzar ku".
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Chmielewski, Dawn (2016-01-04). "How 'Do Not Track' Ended Up Going Nowhere". Vox (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-07-10. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
- ↑ Mulconrey, Brian (Oct 2005). "Your personal information: Managing your most valuable asset". The Futurist. 39 (5): 24–27. ProQuest 218577140.
- ↑ Simpson, John M. (2010-07-27). "Consumer Watchdog poll finds concern about Google's Wi-Spy snooping". Inside Google. Consumer Watchdog. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
- ↑ Dye, Jessica (2009-02-19). "Consumer Privacy Advocates Seek Search Engine Solution". EContent Magazine (March 2009). Archived from the original on 2015-05-01. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
- ↑ Markey, Edward J.; Barton, Joe; Stearns, Cliff (2012-02-17). "Letter to FTC regarding Google" (PDF). markey.house.gov. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
- ↑ Hawley, Josh (2019-05-21). "S.1578 - Do Not Track Act". congress.gov. U.S. Congress. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
- ↑ "Fines / Penalties". gdpr-info.eu. Intersoft Consulting. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
- ↑ "Factsheet on the "Right to be Forgotten" ruling" (PDF). Privacy & Information Security Law Blog. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedGrant - ↑ Goldfarb, Avi; Tucker, Catherine E. (2011). "Privacy Regulation and Online Advertising". Management Science. 57 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1100.1246. ProQuest 904027694.
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