Kalenjin folklore

Kalenjin folklore
folklore by ethnic group (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	folklore (en)
Ƙabila	Kalenjin people (en)
Al'ada	Kalenjin culture (en)

Tatsuniyar Kalenjin ta ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙi, kiɗa, rawa, ra'ayoyi masu yawa, da al'adun da al'ummomin da ke magana da Kalenjin ke isarwa, waɗanda galibi ke isarwa ga tsararraki ta hanyar magana da baki .

 

Labarin asali

Farfesa Ciarunji Chesaina (1991), ya rubuta labarin asali wanda aka sani da "'yan'uwa bakwai" wanda ke magana game da asalin mutanen Kalenjin.

...Long ago, there was a man who was very poor. He decided to leave his country in the north and look for a better place. This country was called Emetab Burgei because it was very hot. He traveled along a big river until he came to a very big lake. While at the lake, he prayed to the sun, Asis, for help from his poverty. Suddenly he was given very many cattle and also a wife. Soon after marrying this wife, the man got seven sons.

— Kibet arap Siele (Kericho), approx. 60 years old in 1991

Labarin ya ci gaba da cewa mutumin ya yi alfahari kuma sakamakon haka 'ya'yansa maza suka bar shi, har ma matarsa ta bar shi don ya sami wanda ke da shanu da yawa. 'Ya'yan sun tafi suka kafa iyalansu kuma waɗannan iyalai sun girma zuwa al'ummomin Kalenjin daban-daban a yau.

Wurare & abubuwa

Al'ummar Kalejin da sauran al'ummomin makiyaya da kuma faɗin Gabashin Afirka suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin siffofin shimfidar wuri domin ta hanyar waɗannan ne suke danganta su da kakanninsu da kuma tarihinsu. Wasu shahararrun tatsuniyoyi da suka dogara da siffofin shimfidar wuri sun haɗa da;

Dutsen Kipteber

Tudun Kipteber (wanda aka fi sani da Dutsen Kipteber) wani tudu ne mai duwatsu wanda ke kan iyakar gundumar Elgeyo-Marakwet da Pokot. Yana da nisan kilomita biyar daga jerin tsaunukan Cherangany. Tudun yana fitowa daga wani fili, kuma a gefe ɗaya yana da wani dutse mai tsayi wanda ke fuskantar Gundumar Yammacin Pokot yayin da ɗayan gefen ke gangara a hankali zuwa Gundumar Elgeyo Marakwet . An danganta siffarsa da kumfar bijimin zebu. Tatsuniyar gida ta bayyana cewa tudun bai taɓa zuwa ba kuma ya taɓa faɗowa daga sama.

Tatsuniyar "faɗuwar dutse a Kipteber" galibi ana ba da ita a cikin al'ummomin arewacin Kalenjin, musamman ma a cikin al'ummomin Marakwet da Pokot . Wani lokaci ana kiran labarin da 'me wannan tsuntsun yake faɗa?'. A cikin labarin, ana cewa tun da daɗewa akwai al'ummomi biyu da ke zaune a yankin kuma suna yin biki. Ɗaya daga cikinsu galibi ana danganta shi da dangin Talai . Yayin da bikin ke ci gaba, hankaka ta bayyana a tsakanin masu shagalin kuma ta ba da gargaɗi na tsawon kwana uku wanda yawancin waɗanda ke wurin suka yi watsi da shi. Gargaɗin shine cewa su bar bikin yayin da babban dutse zai faɗi daga sama. Wasu mutane, duk da haka, a wasu labaran, wata mace mai ciki, ta saurari hankaka ta tafi. A daidai lokacin, domin hakan ya faru har wani babban dutse ya faɗi daga sama ya murƙushe duk waɗanda har yanzu suke a wurin bikin. Ana kyautata zaton wannan dutsen, ana iya ganin inda ya faɗi kuma a yau ana kiransa Dutsen Kipteber.

Halittu da siffofi masu ban mamaki

Kerit wata halitta ce ta tatsuniyoyi daga tatsuniyoyi na Kalenjin wadda ta shahara a wasu sassan duniya, galibi ta hanyar al'adu da nau'ikan tatsuniyoyi. Duk da haka, akwai wasu waliyyai da dama, mutane na tatsuniyoyi da halittun tatsuniyoyi da suka bayyana a cikin tatsuniyoyi na Kalenjin, wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da;

Cheptalel

Addu'ar Cheptaleel

Cheptalel (kuma Cheptaleel) jaruma ce da aka samu a cikin tatsuniyar Kipsigis da Nandi na mutanen Kalenjin na Kenya. Ta zama jarumar jama'a sakamakon miƙa ta a matsayin hadaya (a zahiri ko a alamance) don ceton sassan Kalenjin daga fari da ke lalata ƙasarsu.

A cikin tatsuniyar, akwai lokacin da ruwan sama ya ɓace tsawon shekaru da yawa wanda ya haifar da fari mai tsanani har dattawa suka yi taro don yanke shawara kan abin da za a yi. An yanke shawarar cewa za a miƙa yarinya ƙarama a matsayin, ko kuma za ta je ta miƙa, hadaya ga mai sararin samaniya don ya bar ruwan sama ya faɗi. Don haka aka zaɓi wata yarinya budurwa don ta je wurin ruwa (galibi gidan Ilat) don yin addu'ar ruwan sama.

Saurayinta ya gano game da shirin kuma ya ƙudura aniyar bin ta a ɓoye yayin da take kan hanyarta ta zuwa aikinta. Lokacin da ta isa tafkin (a wasu lokutan ruwan sama), ta tsaya a bakin teku ta rera waƙar kiranta ga ruwan sama.

Yayin da take waƙa, sai ruwan ya fara zuba, kuma da ta sake waƙa sai ya fara zuba. Da ta sake waƙa a karo na uku, sai ruwan ya fara yin sama sosai, a lokaci guda kuma Ilat, a cikin siffar walƙiya, ta bugi amma kafin ya sami yarinyar, saurayinta ya yi tsalle daga inda yake ɓoye ya kashe Ilat ta haka ya ceci Cheptalel.

Ilat

Ilat/Ilet (wanda ake kira E-lat) mutum ne daga tatsuniyar Kalenjin wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin tatsuniyoyin Kalenjin. Ana danganta shi da tsawa da ruwan sama kuma ana cewa yana zaune a cikin zurfin tafkuna da magudanar ruwa kuma bakan gizo su ne tufafinsa da aka yi watsi da su.

Daga cikin Nandi, Ilet ne-mie da Ilet ne-ya allolin tsawa ne nagari da kuma mugayen allolin tsawa. Ana cewa karar tsawa da ke kusa da ita Ilet ne-ya ce ke ƙoƙarin zuwa duniya don kashe mutane yayin da karar tsawa mai nisa ke kare mutum ta hanyar korar sunansa.

Walƙiya mai kaifi ita ce takobin Ilet ne-ya yayin da ake cewa walƙiyar takarda ita ce takobin Ilet ne-mie.

Kerit

Zane na beyar Nandi, 1961

Beyar Nandi dabba ce da ba a tabbatar da ingancinta ba, an ruwaito tana zaune a Gabashin Afirka . Tana samon sunanta ne daga mutanen Nandi da ke zaune a yammacin Kenya, a yankin da aka ruwaito beyar Nandi daga ciki. Ana kuma kiranta da Chemisit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoloko, ko Duba (wanda ya samo asali daga kalmomin Larabci dubb ko d.abʕ / d.abuʕ don 'beyar' da 'hyena' bi da bi ). Samburu "Nkampit" kuma ya bayyana a matsayin sigar wannan halittar.

Bayanin beyar Nandi yana nuna dabba mai cin nama mai ƙarfi, mai kafadu masu tsayi (tsawo sama da ƙafa huɗu) da kuma bayanta mai lanƙwasa, kamar kura . Wasu sun yi hasashen cewa beyar Nandi a zahiri kura ce da ba a san ta ba ko kuma babbar kura da ta tsira a zamanin Ice: Karl Shuker ya bayyana cewa wani ɗan gajeren fuska mai suna Pachycrocuta brevirostris, wanda ya mutu kimanin shekaru 500,000 kafin yanzu, zai "bayyana waɗannan lamuran cikin gamsuwa."

Mutanen Nandi suna kiransa "kerit". Tatsuniyar yankin ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana cin kwakwalwar waɗanda abin ya shafa ne kawai. An sha ba da rahoton beyar Nandi a Kenya a duk faɗin ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20. Littafin Bernard Heuvelmans mai taken On the Track of Unknown Animals da kuma littafin Karl Shuker mai taken In Search of Prehistoric Survivors sun ba da tarihin gani beyar Nandi mafi girma a rubuce.

Chemosit

Chemosit sau da yawa ana haɗa ta da Kerit, wata halitta da al'ummomin Kalenjin da ke kewaye suke tunanin wanzuwa. Duk da haka, Chemosit wata halitta ce ta aljanu da ke cikin labaran Kalenjin kuma ba a ɗaukar ta a matsayin gaskiya ba daga babban Kalenjin. Ana da'awar Chemosit rabin mutum ne, rabi tsuntsu wanda ke tsaye a kan ƙafa ɗaya kuma yana da gindi tara. Bakinsa ja ne kuma yana haskakawa da dare kamar fitila. Chemosit yana motsawa kuma yana tallafawa kansa da sanda mai kama da mashi. [ Akwai labarai da yawa da ke nuna Chemosit, har ta kai ga littattafan baki da suka shafi Chemosit sun sami takamaiman kalma a tsakanin Nandi, Kapchemosin. An kuma ɗauki wannan kalmar a matsayin ma'anar tatsuniyoyi, labarai da tatsuniyoyi.

Kamar Kerit, mutane su ne abincin Chemosit kuma ana cewa sun fi son naman yara fiye da komai. Duk da haka, ba kamar Kerit wanda yawanci ke jiran waɗanda abin ya shafa a kan bishiya don ya zare kawunansu yayin da suke wucewa a ƙasa ba, Chemosit tana kama waɗanda abin ya shafa ta hanyar rera waƙoƙi masu daɗi da daddare kusa da wurin da yara suke, bakinta a buɗe tana walƙiya ja a cikin duhu. Yara, ganin haske da jin waƙar za su ja hankalin wurin suna tunanin cewa kambakta ce, rawar murna. Za su tafi su nemo rawar kuma ba za a sake ganinsu ba.

Kapchemosin yawanci yana bin irin wannan tsari, wato jarumin, sau da yawa ana gargaɗin matashi game da wani aiki. Yin wannan aikin yawanci yakan haifar da Chemosit ya cinye mutum ko mutane. Amma a ƙarshe, jarumin ya fi Chemosit ta wata hanya kuma ya yanke babban yatsansa ko babban yatsansa don haka ya saki mutanen da aka ci a baya.

A tsakanin Tugen da Keiyo, ana nuna Chemosit a matsayin mai canza siffar mutum, wani lokacin yana "sanye" siffar kyakkyawan saurayi, wani lokacin kuma na tsohuwar mace da ke zaune a daji.

Tapkendi

Shahararriyar jaruma a cikin tatsuniyar Nandi wadda ta girma a lokacin da tsoffin wuraren kiwo na Kalenjin suka mamaye yankin makiyaya na Maasai . Wayonta da jarumtar 'ya'yanta sun kai ga nasara ta farko a kan Maasai, wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai ga kwace yankin Uasin Gishu .

A tatsuniyar, tana zaune kusa da iyakar ƙasashen Nandi da Maasai. Wata rana ta yi tunanin shirin sake kwace filayen gargajiya na Nandi. Ta cire tufafinta, ta ɗaure ciyawa a jikinta, sannan ta ɗaura ƙararrawa a hannuwanta da ƙafafunta. Sannan ta je wurin tsaunukan Maasai ta yi rawa kamar mahaukaciya.

Duk wanda ke cikin kraals yana tunanin ta haukace, sai ya yi mata dariya. Duk da haka, mayakan da ke wurin kiwo suna jin kararrawa suna gudu don ganin dalilin hayaniyar. Da zarar an bar shanun ba tare da kariya ba, ɗan matar ya gudu daga inda suke buya ya kori dabbobin zuwa tsaunuka inda abokai suka haɗu da su kuma jaruman Maasai ba su yi ƙarfin halin bin su ba.

A lokaci guda matar ta zame daga kararrawa ta yi nasarar tserewa. Wannan shine gwajin farko da Maasai suka samu daga hannun Nandi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi nasarar korar su daga ƙasarsu.

Daga baya 'ya'yanta maza biyu suka sami pororiet da aka sani da Kapchepkendi.

Kipkeny

Kipkeny sanannen mayya ne mai wayo wanda koyaushe yana samun damar guje wa duba daga masu gano mayu. Wani karin magana na Nandi da ya shahara a da shi, "Inge'ngora ke'ngor Kipkeny" ko "Idan an yi mini sihiri, haka nan Kipkeny", mutumin da ke alfahari da yin kuskure ya yi amfani da shi sosai kuma daidai yake da "Suna iya tsammanin kama Kipkeny kamar ni".

Tapnai & Kingo

Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa wanda ya kafa al'ummomin masu magana da harshen Kalenjin an san su da Kingo da matarsa, Tapnai. Sun isa Tulwet'ab Kony daga wani wuri mara kyau da aka sani da Burgei. Sun zauna a Kony inda suka haifi 'ya'ya maza da yawa waɗanda suka haifar da ƙungiyoyin masu magana da harshen Kalenjin daban-daban.