Kalevi (tatsuniyoyi)

Kalevi (tatsuniyoyi)
Rayuwa
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Linda (en)
Yara	view Kalevipoeg (mul)
Sana'a

'Kalev' (wanda aka fi sani da Kalevi ko Kalev) da 'ya'yansa maza muhimman jarumi ne a cikin tatsuniyoyi Estonian, Finnish da Karelian. Yawanci ana bayyana su a matsayin gwarzaye waɗanda suka zauna a wani yanki kafin zuwan mutane, amma kuma suna bayyana a matsayin jarumai na almara a cikin waƙoƙin runic.

A cikin tarihin Finnish Kalevala, Kaleva tsohon mai mulkin Finnish ne. A cikin waka mai suna Kalevipoeg na Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Sarki Kalev shine mahaifin Sarki Kalevipoegu kuma mijin Linda.

Suna

Akwai ka'idoji da yawa game da asalin sunan Kaleva. Da farko Elias Lönnrot ne ya yi irin wannan ka'idar, wanda ya samo sunan daga kalmar Rasha golová ('babban', 'kai'). Sunan ya tsufa da yawa don a aro shi daga Rashanci, duk da haka, kuma samo asali daga siffofin Proto-Slavic ko Proto-Balto-Slavic ba zai yiwu ba saboda dalilan sauti. Wani asali da aka nuna amma ba zai yiwu ba a fannin phonology shine a cikin sunan Tsohon Norse Kylfingjar. Paul Ariste ya gabatar da cewa sunan Estonian kalev ya samo asali ne daga kale ('tauri', 'mai tsanani'; yana kama da kalea na Finnish 'mai sanyi', 'tauri', 'slippery'), wanda Ants Järv ya fi so. August Ahlqvist da Eemil Nestor Setälä sun yi tunanin sunan yana da asalin Baltic, kamar a cikin kalmar Lithuanian kálvis 'smith', wanda Aimo Turunen ya fi so kuma Järv ma bai yi watsi da shi ba. A cewar Mikko Heikkilä, matsalolin wannan ka'idar suna tasowa ne lokacin da aka lura cewa kaleva ba ta da ma'anar farko ta 'smith', kuma da alama an aro *kalvis na Proto-Baltic a matsayin **kalve, **kalvis ko **kalviš a cikin (Proto-) Finnish.[1]

A cikin 1918, T. I. Itkonen ya haɗa Kaleva da kalmar Arewacin Sami gállagas-dolla 'phosphorescence na teku' da kalmar Lule Sámi kāllaka jussa 'ba zato ba tsammani ya sauko da hazo mai zurfi a kan tafkin', a zahiri 'tsohon mutum'. Uno Harva da Yrjö Toivonen sun ci gaba da haɓaka ka'idar ta hanyar samun kalmomin Finnic da Sámi daga wani nau'i na yau da kullun, *kaleɣa . A cewar Heikkilä, Proto-Sámi 'tsohon mutum mai daraja' rance ne daga Proto-Scandinavian *karlaz ' (tsohon) mutum' sabili da haka ba za a iya gano shi zuwa harshen Finno-Sámic ba. Heikkilä da kansa ya gabatar da ka'idar cewa an fara ba da rancen Kaleva daga Proto-Jamusanci da Proto-Scandinavian *χlewaz ko kuma an sake gina shi a matsayin *χalewaz, wanda zai zama tsohuwar nau'in Hlér. Hlér ko Ægir shine sunan wani gwarzo kuma mutum ne na teku a cikin tatsuniyoyin Norse. Ci gaban mataki-mataki zai kasance Proto-Scandinavian *χaléwaz ('teku', 'allah-teku mai girma') → Late Proto-Finnic *Kalevas ('babban almara') → Finnish Kaleva (s). Heikkilä ya ci gaba da ba da shawarar cewa Kalanti, wanda shine sunan yankunan yammacin Kudu maso yammacin Finland a cikin taswira daga 1347, da farko zai kasance *Kalenδek a Late Proto-Finnic kuma zai sami asalinsa a cikin sunan Kaleva . [1]

Tarihi

A cikin tarihin Tsohon Rasha da bylinas daga 1223 AZ zuwa gaba, ana kiran Tallinn da Kolyvan, wanda aka yi la'akari da CE ya fito ne daga *Kalevan (linna) 'Kaleva's burg'. Har ila yau, ya tabbatar da asalin sunan ya haɗa da wasika ta ƙarshe a. Wani ambaton da ya gabata na sunan na iya kasancewa a cikin Tabula Rogeriana ta masanin ilimin ƙasa na Larabawa Muhammad Al-Idrisi, wanda ya ambaci wani karamin gari mai suna qlwry wanda ke cikin slvvvvildh (Estonia). Harafi uku na farko, qlw, sun dace da sunan Kaleva .

Rubutun farko da aka rubuta game da wani mai suna Kaleva ya bayyana a cikin jerin alloli da Mika'el Agricola ya buga a 1551, wanda ya bayyana Caleuanpoiat 'ya'yan Kareva' a matsayin giants, kuma a cikin Leyen Spiegel na Heinrich Stahl (1641), wanda ya ambaci Kalliweh .

Wasu masana tarihi sun ba da shawarar cewa wata tsohuwar magana na iya kasancewa a cikin tsohuwar waka ta Turanci "Widsith", wanda aka rubuta a cikin karni na 7 *Kya" aka rubuta a ƙarshen karni na 10. Waƙar ta bayyana cewa "Caesar ya mallaki Helenawa *Kya" Cælic ya mallaki Finns". Mikko Heikkilä ya yi la'akari da cewa ba zai yiwu ba cewa Cælic zai samo asali ne daga Kaleva, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa yana iya fitowa daga kalmar Proto-Sami, kodayake yana rubuta cewa yiwuwar Cælic kasancewa cakuda sauti na Kaleva da *kāllek ya kamata a bar shi a buɗe.

Dubi kuma

• Kalevala
• Labaran Tallinn
• Väinämöinen
• Ilmarinen
• Joukahainen
• Lemminkäinen
• Louhi
• Hiisi