Kamfen da ake yi game da azabtarwa ta jiki

Kamfen da ake yi game da azabtarwa ta jiki

Matsayi na shari'a na azabtar da yara har zuwa 2019: Dokar (akalla a wani bangare)   

Kamfen din da ake yi game da azabtar da jiki yana da niyyar rage ko kawar da azabtarwar jiki ga yara ta hanyar haifar da sauye-sauyen shari'a da al'adu a wuraren da ake yin irin wannan azabtarwa. Irin waɗannan kamfen ɗin sun samo asali ne daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, kodayake muryoyin lokaci-lokaci na adawa da azabtar da jiki sun kasance daga zamani d ̄ a har zuwa zamanin zamani.

Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara ya bayyana "kotu ta jiki" kamar haka:

duk wani hukunci wanda aka yi amfani da ƙarfin jiki kuma an yi niyyar haifar da wani mataki na ciwo ko rashin jin daɗi, duk da haka haske. Yawancin sun haɗa da bugawa ("bugawa", "bugawa", 'bugawa"), yara, da hannu ko tare da kayan aiki - bulala, sanda, bel, takalma, cokali na katako, da dai sauransu. Amma kuma yana iya haɗawa, alal misali, kiɗa, girgiza ko jefa yara, gogewa, cinyewa, cinji, jan gashi ko kunnuwan dambe, tilasta yara su zauna a cikin matsayi mara kyau, ƙonewa, ƙone ko tilasta wahayi.

Tarihi

Quintilian da Plutarch, dukansu suna rubutawa a ƙarni na 1 AD, sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa azabtar da jiki yana ƙasƙantar da waɗanda ba bayi ba ne, ma'ana 'ya'yan da aka haifa. Sabanin haka, a cewar masanin gargajiya Otto Kiefer, Seneca ya yi magana ga abokinsa Lucilius, "Tsoro da ƙauna ba za su iya rayuwa tare ba. A gare ni, kuna da kyau wajen ƙin jin tsoron bayinku da kuma tsawata musu da kalmomi kawai. Ana amfani da hannaye don gyara dabbobi masu banƙyama".

Koyaya, a cewar Robert McCole Wilson, "a cikin shekaru ɗari biyu da suka gabata ne kawai aka sami karuwar ra'ayi" da ke adawa da azabtar da jiki.

Ostiraliya

Jordan Riak ya fara aiki game da azabtar da jiki lokacin da yake zaune tare da 'ya'yansa a Sydney, Australia. An dakatar da azabtar da jiki a makarantun jama'a na dukkan jihohin Australiya, da kuma makarantun masu zaman kansu na dukkan jihohi ban da Queensland.

Ƙasar Ingila

A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, ɗaya daga cikin kamfen ɗin da aka shirya na farko shine na Humanitarian League, tare da mujallarta ta yau da kullun The Humanitarian, wanda ya yi kamfen na shekaru da yawa don kawar da azabtar da matasa a cikin Royal Navy, burin da aka cimma a wani ɓangare a 1906 lokacin da aka watsar da birching na ruwa a matsayin taƙaitaccen hukunci. Koyaya, ba ta sami nasarar sa Sojojin Ruwa su soke caning a matsayin horo ba, wanda ya ci gaba a cibiyoyin horar da Sojojin ruwa har zuwa 1967.

Kungiyar Howard League for Penal Reform ta yi kamfen a cikin shekarun 1930 don, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa da yawa, kawar da hukuncin shari'a ta hanyar cat-o'-nine-tails ko birching. An cimma wannan a Burtaniya a shekarar 1948.

Kanada

A cikin CFCYL v. Kanada, Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta amince da sashi na 43 na Dokar Laifuka, wanda ke ba da damar kare amfani da karfi ta hanyar gyarawa ga yara.

Amurka

Wani dan gwagwarmayar Amurka na farko game da azabtar da jiki shine Horace Mann, wanda a cikin karni na 19 bai yi nasara ba ya adawa da amfani da shi a makarantu.

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