Kankana
| Kankana | |
|---|---|
dan-ice, abinci, melon (en)  da 'ya'yan itace | |
 | |
| Tarihi | |
| Mai tsarawa |
Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (en) da Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa |
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) nau'in shuke-shuke ne na dangin Cucurbitaceae da sunan 'ya'yan itacen da za a iya cinyewa. Tsire-tsire masu kama da itacen inabi, 'ya'yan itace ne da aka noma sosai a duk duniya, tare da fiye da nau'ikan 1,000.
Kordofan melons daga Sudan su ne dangi mafi kusa kuma suna iya zama Iyaye zamani, shuka ruwa.[1] An samo tsaba na ruwan inabi a Uan Muhuggiag, wani wuri na prehistoric a Libya wanda ya kasance kusan 3500 BC.[2] A cikin 2022, an saki wani binciken da ya gano tsaba na shekaru 6,000 da aka samo a cikin hamadar Libya zuwa tsaba na Egusi na Najeriya, Afirka ta Yamma.[3] An yi amfani da alade a arewa maso gabashin Afirka kuma an noma su a Misira a shekara ta 2000 BC, kodayake ba su da nau'ikan zamani masu dadi. Kyakkyawan kayan zaki da aka shimfiɗa a duk faɗin duniya ta Bahar Rum a zamanin Roman.[4]
Ƙoƙarin kiwo mai yawa ya haɓaka nau'ikan masu tsayayya da cututtuka. Akwai nau'ikan shuke-shuke da yawa waɗanda ke samar da 'ya'yan itace masu girma a cikin kwanaki 100 na shuka. A cikin 2017, kasar Sin ta samar da kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na jimlar alade a duniya.[5]
Bayyanawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ruwan melon shekara-shekara ne wanda ke da al'ada ta sunkuya ko hawa. Tushen yana da tsawon mita 3 (10 feet) kuma sabon girma yana da gashi mai launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa. Bishiyoyi suna da tsawon millimita 60 200 ( zuwa da kuma +1⁄2 in) fadi. 60 to 200 millimetres (2.4 to 7.9 in)40 to 150 millimetres (1.6 to 5.9 in)Wadannan yawanci suna da lobes guda uku waɗanda aka lobed ko lobed sau biyu. Yaran matasa suna da yawa tare da gashi mai launin rawaya wanda ya ɓace yayin da shuka ke tsufa. Kamar duk wani nau'i sai dai daya a cikin jinsin Citrullus, alade tana da rassan rassa. Shuke-shuke suna da furanni na namiji ko na mace waɗanda suke da fari ko rawaya kuma ana ɗauke da su a kan 40-millimeters-tsawon (1 + 1⁄2 in) gashi mai gashi. 40 millimetres (1.6 in)*Kowane furen yana girma ne kawai a cikin axils na ganye, kuma tsarin jima'i na jinsin, tare da furanni na namiji da na mace da aka samar a kowane shuka, yana da monoecious. Furen namiji sun fi yawa a farkon kakar; furanni mata, waɗanda suka bunkasa daga baya, suna da ƙananan ovaries. Hanyoyin suna haɗuwa cikin shafi ɗaya. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]
Babban 'ya'yan itace wani nau'in 'ya'ya ne da ake kira pepo tare da kauri mai kauri (exocarp) da kuma cibiyar nama (mesocarp da endocarp). [6] Tsire-tsire na daji suna da 'ya'yan itace har zuwa 20 centimetres (8 in) in) a diamita, yayin da nau'ikan da aka noma zasu iya wuce 60 centimetres (24 in) in). Kwayar 'ya'yan itace tana da tsakiya zuwa duhu kore kuma yawanci tana da tabo ko layi, kuma nama, wanda ke dauke da pips da yawa da aka shimfiɗa a ciki, na iya zama ja ko ruwan hoda (yawanci), orange, rawaya, kore ko fari.[7][8]
Wani mai zaki mai zaki, C. amarus, ya zama na halitta a yankuna masu tsaka-tsaki na nahiyoyi da yawa, kuma an sanya shi a matsayin "tsire mai zaki" a wasu sassan Yammacin Australia inda ake kiransu "zaki na alade".
Tarihin lissafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Carl Linnaeus ne ya fara bayyana furen mai dadi a cikin 1753 kuma ya ba shi sunan Cucurbita citrullus . An sake sanya shi zuwa jinsin Citrullus a cikin 1836, a ƙarƙashin sunan maye gurbin Citrullus vulgaris, ta masanin tsire-tsire na Jamus Heinrich Adolf Schrader . (The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants baya ba da izinin sunaye kamar "Citrullus citrullus".)
An ci gaba da raba nau'ikan zuwa nau'o'i da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da melon mai laushi (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum . & Nakai var. lanatus), lemun tsami melons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroids (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.), da kuma abin da za a iya cinyewa. vulgaris na iya zama mafi mahimmanci. Wannan lissafin ya samo asali ne daga kuskuren daidaitawa na Citrullus lanatus mai laushi tare da Citrullus vulgaris mai laushi ta L.H. Bailey a cikin 1930. Bayanan kwayoyin, gami da jerin abubuwa daga tarin asali na Thunberg da sauran nau'ikan kayan da suka dace, sun nuna cewa melon mai dadi (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) da melon mai laushi Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai ba su da alaƙa da juna.[9] Shirin kiyaye sunan, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum . & Nakai, kwamitin nomenclature ya karɓa kuma ya tabbatar da shi a Taron Botanical na Duniya a cikin 2017.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Renner, Susanne S.; Wu, Shan; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Silber, Martina V.; Fei, Zhangjun; Chomicki, Guillaume (2021-05-24). "A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (23): e2101486118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11801486R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2101486118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8201767 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34031154 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Wasylikowa, Krystyna; van der Veen, Marijke (2004). "An archaeobotanical contribution to the history of watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (syn. C. vulgaris Schrad.)". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 13 (4): 213–217. Bibcode:2004VegHA..13..213W. doi:10.1007/s00334-004-0039-6. ISSN 0939-6314. JSTOR 23419585. S2CID 129058509. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ↑ Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Tusso, Sergio; Przelomska, Natalia A. S.; Wu, Shan; Ryan, Philippa; Nesbitt, Mark; Silber, Martina V.; Preick, Michaela; Fei, Zhangjun; Hofreiter, Michael; Chomicki, Guillaume; Renner, Susanne S. (2022-08-03). "Genome Sequencing of up to 6,000-Year-Old Citrullus Seeds Reveals Use of a Bitter-Fleshed Species Prior to Watermelon Domestication". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (8): msac168. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac168. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 9387916 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 35907246 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Paris, Harry S. (August 2015). "Origin and emergence of the sweet dessert watermelon, Citrullus lanatus". Annals of Botany. 116 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1093/aob/mcv077. PMC 4512189. PMID 26141130.
- ↑ "Watermelon production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)". FAOSTAT. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ↑ "A Systematic Treatment of Fruit Types". Worldbotanical.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ↑ (Kriemhild Coneè ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai". South Africa National Biodiversity Institute. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ↑ Chomicki, G.; S. S. Renner (2014). "Watermelon origin solved with molecular phylogenetics including Linnaean material: Another example of museomics". New Phytologist. 205 (2): 526–32. Bibcode:2015NewPh.205..526C. doi:10.1111/nph.13163. PMID 25358433.
- ↑ Renner, S. S.; G. Chomicki & W. Greuter (2014). "Proposal to conserve the name Momordica lanata (Citrullus lanatus) (watermelon, Cucurbitaceae), with a conserved type, against Citrullus battich". Taxon. 63 (4): 941–942. doi:10.12705/634.29. S2CID 86896357.