Karamanlides
Karamanlides (Girkanci: Καραμανλήδες, an fassara shi zuwa roman: Karamanlídes; Baturke: Karamanlılar), wanda kuma aka sani da Girkawa na Karamanli[1][2][3] ko kuma kawai Karamanlis, mutane ne masu magana da harshen Turkiyya da kuma Orthodox na Girka waɗanda suka fito daga yankin Karaman a Anatolia.[4][5]
Wasu malamai suna la'akari da Karamanlides a matsayin Helenawa masu magana da Turkiyya daga Karaman, [1] [2] kodayake ainihin asalin kabilansu yana jayayya; suna iya zama zuriyar Helenawa na Byzantine waɗanda suka kasance Turkified, ko kuma sojojin Turkic na Kirista waɗanda suka zauna a yankin bayan nasarar Turkic, ko ma duka biyun. An tilasta wa Karamanlides barin Anatolia a lokacin musayar yawan jama'a ta 1923 tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya. A yau, yawancin jama'a suna zaune a Girka kuma sun shiga cikin al'ummar Girka.
Harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An kori marubuta da masu magana da Karamanli Turkish daga Turkiyya a matsayin wani ɓangare na musayar yawan jama'a ta 1923 tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya. Wasu masu magana sun adana yarensu a cikin diaspora, amma yaren yanzu ya ƙare.
An kuma sami wani sashi na rubutun da aka rubuta a Karamanli a cikin Alkahira Geniza .
Asalin da tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Asalin Karamanlides yana da jayayya; ko dai su ne zuriyar Helenawa na Byzantine waɗanda aka Turkified ta hanyar harshe ta hanyar sannu a hankali na daidaitawa da Ottomans, ko kuma na sojojin Turkic waɗanda suka zauna a yankin bayan nasarar Turkic kuma suka tuba zuwa Kiristanci.[3][4] Masanan Girka suna da ra'ayi cewa Karamanlides sun fito ne daga zuriyar Girka kuma sun karɓi Turkiyya a matsayin yarensu, ko dai ta hanyar tilas ko kuma sakamakon warewarsu daga Kiristoci na Orthodox na Girka na yankunan bakin teku. Masanan Turkiyya suna ɗaukar su a matsayin zuriyar Turks waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan Byzantine kafin cin nasara ko kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin mercenaries a cikin sojojin Byzantine kuma waɗanda suka karɓi addini amma ba harshen sabbin sarakunan su ba.[5] Wasu malaman kasashen waje suna ɗaukar su a matsayin Girkanci.[1][2] Wata ka'idar ta goyi bayan cewa Karamanlides na iya kasancewa cakuda na Helenawa na Anatolian da Kiristoci Turks. Babu isasshen shaida don tabbatar da yadda Karamanlides na farko suka gano kansu.
Kashi ko cikakken Turkification na Helenawa na Anatolian ya samo asali ne daga farkon 1100s, sakamakon zama tare da makwabta Turks.[6] Tushen Gabas da Latin sun nuna cewa harsuna biyu na Girkanci da Turkiyya sun zama ruwan dare a Anatolia a ƙarni na 13 da 14, kuma a farkon ƙarni na 15 ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Bugu da ƙari, wani asusun Latin da ba a san shi ba daga 1437 ya bayyana cewa bishops na Girka da manyan birane a Anatolia, "sun yi ado da salon Musulmi kuma suna magana da Turkic"; "ko da yake har yanzu ana karanta liturgy a Girkanci ana furta wa'azin a Turkic. " Daniel Panzac ya bayyana cewa Helenawa na Karaman sun cika Turkified a lokacin mulkin Murad III (r. 1574-1595), kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun tuba zuwa Islama. [7] Karamanlides na iya zama zuriyar waɗancan Helenawa na Turkified.[8]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Birnin Turkiyya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ilıcak & Varjabedian 2021: "Turkophone Greeks are called Karamanli Greeks or Karamanlides, and their language and literature is called Karamanli Turkish or Karamanlidika, but the scholarly literature has no equivalent terms for Turkophone Armenians."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Daly, Michael (1988). "The Turkish legacy: an exhibition of books and manuscripts to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the death of the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk". Bodleian Library: 40. ISBN 978-1-85124-016-6.
… a large number of works were printed in Turkish using the Greek and Armenian alphabets. These were intended for those ethnic Greeks and Armenians who, while retaining their religious allegiance to their respective churches, had lost all knowledge of their own languages and had been assimilated linguistically by their Muslim Turkish neighbours. Turcophone Greeks were known as Karamanlides, after the province of Karaman where many of them lived, although there were also large communities in Istanbul and in the Black Sea region, and printed or manuscript works in Turkish using the Greek alphabet are known as Karamanlidika.
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Daly" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Vryonis, Speros. Studies on Byzantium, Seljuks, and Ottomans: Reprinted Studies. Undena Publications, 1981, ISBN 0-89003-071-5, p. 305. "The origins of the Karamanlides have long been disputed, there being two basic theories on the subject. According to one, they are the remnants of the Greek-speaking Byzantine population which, though it remained Orthodox, was linguistically Turkified. The second theory holds that they were originally Turkish soldiers which the Byzantine emperors had settled in Anatolia in large numbers and who retained their language and Christian religion after the Turkish conquests..."
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