Karan alkama
 Karan alkama | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
plant material (en)  |
| By-product of (en) |
grain production (en) |
Straw kayan aikin gona ne wanda ya kunshi busassun tsire-tsire na hatsi bayan an cire hatsi da kayan gona. Ya zama kusan rabin amfanin gona ta hanyar nauyin amfanin gona kamar sha'ir, oats, shinkafa, Rye da alkama. Yana kuma da amfani daban-daban, gami da man fetur, gado na dabbobi da abinci, ciyawa da Yin kwando.
Yawanci ana tattara bambaro a ajiye a cikin bambaro, wanda aka ɗaure shi da igiya, waya, ko igiya. Bambaro na iya zama murabba'i, murabba'i, siffar tauraro ko zagaye, kuma suna iya zama babba sosai, ya danganta da nau'in bambaro da aka yi amfani da shi.
Amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani na yanzu da na tarihi na straw sun hada da:
Ana kuma iya ciyar da tsiro a matsayin wani ɓangare na ɓangaren roughage na abincin ga shanu ko dawakai waɗanda ke kan matakin kulawa na kusa da buƙatun makamashi. Yana da ƙarancin makamashi da abubuwan gina jiki (kamar yadda ya saba da hay, wanda ya fi gina jiki). Zafin da aka samar lokacin da microorganisms a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaya na iya zama da amfani wajen kiyaye zafin jiki a yanayin sanyi. Saboda haɗarin Tasirin da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ya kamata a ƙuntata shi a kowane lokaci zuwa wani ɓangare na abincin. Ana iya ciyar da shi kamar yadda yake, ko yanka shi cikin gajeren lokaci, wanda aka sani da chaff.
Kwando
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana yin skeps na ƙudan zuma da Kwando na lilin daga juyawa kuma an ɗaure su tare da tsawon ci gaba na ciyawar. An kuma san dabarar da aikin lebe.
Abinci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da tsintsiya a matsayin gado ga ruminants da dawakai. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman gado da abinci ga kananan dabbobi, amma wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da raunin baki, hanci da idanu kamar yadda kara yake da kaifi.
Mattress ɗin da ke cike da ciyawar, wanda aka fi sani da palliasse, har yanzu mutane ne ke amfani da shi a sassa da yawa na duniya.
Bioplastic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shinkafa, sharar aikin gona wanda ba a dawo da shi ba, ana iya juya shi zuwa Bioplastic tare da kaddarorin inji kamar polystyrene a cikin yanayin bushewa.[1]
Ana binciken Straw a matsayin tushen sunadarai masu kyau ciki har da alkaloids, flavonoids, lignins, phenols, da Steroids.[2]
Kayan gini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A sassa da yawa na duniya, ana amfani da ciyawar don ɗaure yumɓu da kankare. Ana kuma iya amfani da cakuda yumɓu da kara, wanda aka sani da cob, azaman kayan gini. Akwai girke-girke da yawa don yin cob.
Lokacin da aka ba da izini, ciyawar tana da halaye masu matsakaici (game da R-1.5/inch bisa ga gwajin Oak Ridge National Lab da Forest Product Lab). Ana iya amfani da shi, shi kaɗai ko a cikin ginin post-and-beam, don gina gidajen straw bale. Lokacin da ake amfani da bales don gina ko rufe gine-gine, ana gama bales na ciyawar da gilashi na yumɓu. Ganuwar da aka yi da gyare-gyare tana ba da ƙarfin zafi, ƙarfin tsari mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin tsari, da juriya mai ƙwarewa da kuma juriya mai zafi (insulation), wanda ya wuce tsarin gini Arewacin Amurka. Straw babban kayan sharar gona ne, kuma yana buƙatar ƙaramin makamashi don yin amfani da shi don ginawa. Saboda wadannan dalilai, gine-ginen straw bale yana samun karbuwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na hasken rana da sauran ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa.[3]
Ana iya amfani da ciyawar alkama a matsayin mai cikawa tare da polymers don samar da katako.[4]
Strawblocks strawbales ne waɗanda aka sake matsewa zuwa yawan katako, don jigilar kaya, ko don gina ganuwar da ke ɗauke da kaya waɗanda ke tallafawa rufin, kamar "rayayye" ko rufin kore.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Amfani da sana'a na straw ya haɗa da:
- Yankin masara
- Himmeli (zane-zane)
- Rashin zane-zane
- Hoton zane
- Rashin sutura
- Tsoro mai ban tsoro
- Gidan Kat na gargajiya na Japan
- fasahar wara ta Japan
Ginin gine-gine sarrafa turɓaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da sandar sandar a wasu lokuta don kula da turɓaya a wuraren gini.[5] Koyaya, bales sau da yawa ba su da tasiri wajen kare ingancin ruwa kuma suna da kulawa mai yawa. Saboda wadannan dalilai Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) da hukumomin jihohi daban-daban suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da wasu hanyoyin kula da turɓaya inda ya yiwu, kamar shinge na silt, Fiber rolls da geotextiles.[6]
Hakanan ana iya amfani da su azaman amsawar gaggawa ta yankin da aka ƙone, azaman rufe ƙasa ko kuma a matsayin madatsar ruwa.
Tushen mai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani da kara a matsayin tushen makamashi na carbon-neutral yana ƙaruwa da sauri, musamman ga biobutanol. Straw ko hay briquettes ne biofuel maye gurbin coal.
Straw, wanda aka sarrafa da farko a matsayin briquettes, an ciyar da shi a cikin masana'antar iskar gas a Jami'ar Aarhus, Denmark, a cikin gwaji don ganin idan za'a iya samun iskar gas mafi girma.[7]
Amfani da ciyawar a cikin manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na biomass yana zama sananne a cikin EU, tare da wurare da yawa da suka riga sun kasance a kan layi. Ana amfani da ciyawar kai tsaye a cikin nau'in bales, ko kuma a cikin pellets wanda ke ba da damar jigilar kayan abinci a cikin nesa. A ƙarshe, turarefaction na straw tare da pelletisation yana samun kulawa, saboda yana ƙara yawan makamashi na albarkatun, yana ba da damar jigilar shi har yanzu. Wannan mataki na aiki kuma yana sauƙaƙa adanawa, saboda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da hydrophobic. Za'a iya amfani da ciyawar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin nau'ikan pellets kai tsaye tare da kwal ko iskar gas a farashi mai yawa kuma suna amfani da kayan aikin sarrafawa a masana'antun kwal da iskar gas da ke akwai. Saboda gashin kwalliya yana da mafi girman tsari, sinadarai da kayan konewa ga kwal, za su iya maye gurbin duk kwal kuma su juya tashar kwal a cikin tashar wutar lantarki mai cikakken biomass. Gilashin ƙarni na farko an iyakance su zuwa kashi 15% a cikin tsire-tsire na IGCC na zamani.
Yin lambu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ginin shuke-shuke [8] kuma sananne ne tsakanin masu lambu waɗanda ba su da isasshen sarari don lambu na ƙasa. Lokacin da aka kwantar da shi yadda ya kamata, ana iya amfani da bututun ciyawar a matsayin cikakkiyar maye gurbin ƙasa.
Akwai nau'o'i da yawa na hatunan straw da aka yi da straw.
Dubban mata da yara a Ingila (da farko a gundumar Luton ta Bedfordshire), da adadi mai yawa a Amurka (yawanci Massachusetts), an yi amfani da su wajen yin kara don yin hular. A ƙarshen karni na 19, ana shigo da yadudduka masu yawa zuwa Ingila daga Canton a China, [9] kuma a Amurka an shigo da mafi yawan yadudduka.
Ana samun fiber mai kama da kara daga shuka Carludovica palmata, kuma ana amfani dashi don yin hat na Panama.
Tsaro na ruwan sama na gargajiya na Jafananci ya kunshi hular straw da kuma cape mino.
Aikin lambu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da tsiro a cikin gidajen cucumber da kuma girma da kaza.
A Japan, wasu bishiyoyi ana lullube su da kara don kare su daga tasirin hunturu mai tsanani da kuma amfani da su azaman tarko ga kwari. (Dubi Komomaki)
Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin tafkuna don rage algae ta hanyar canza yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwa.
An rufe ƙasa a ƙarƙashin strawberries da kara don kare 'ya'yan itace masu tsufa daga datti, kuma ana amfani da kara don rufe tsire-tsire a lokacin hunturu don hana sanyi kashe su.
A yankunan kiwo na Turai, ana iya amfani da ciyawar don ƙirƙirar nau'in kayan aiki mai sauƙi, wanda aka sani da masu magana da Ingilishi kamar bututun oaten, kodayake an san irin waɗannan kayan aikin a Turkiyya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, da arewacin Afirka.
Kunshin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Straw yana tsayayya da a murkushe shi sabili da haka yana yin kayan kwalliya mai kyau. Wani kamfani a Faransa yana yin matattarar straw da aka rufe a cikin takalma na filastik.
An samo ambulaf na kwalban ruwan inabi, amma har yanzu ana samun su a wasu 'yan kasuwa na ruwan inabi.
Ana kuma amfani da ciyawar alkama a cikin kayan kwalliya irin su faranti masu kwalliya. Ana iya tabbatar da kunshin da aka yi daga ciyawar alkama kuma zai lalace a cikin yanayin kasuwanci.
Takarda
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya cire tsintsiya don yin takarda.
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da igiya da aka yi da kara, a cikin masana'antar marufi har ma a cikin masana-rubucen ƙarfe.
Saekki igiya ce ta gargajiya ta Koriya da aka yi da ciyawar da aka yi.
Takalma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sinanci sun sa Cailu ko caixie, takalma da takalma da aka yi da kara, har zuwa zamani.
Koriya suna sa Jipsin, takalma da aka yi da kara.
Nau'ikan takalma na gargajiya na Jafananci, kamar waraji da zōri, an yi su ne da kara.
A wasu sassan Jamus kamar Black Forest da Hunsrück mutane suna sa takalma a gida ko a carnival.
Manufofin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana rufe igiyar ciyawar da aka yi amfani da ita sosai kuma an ɗora ta sosai don yin burin harbi. Wannan ba a sake yin shi gaba ɗaya da hannu ba, amma an yi shi da wani ɓangare. Wani lokaci ana saita takarda ko filastik a gaban kwalba, wanda ke aiki don tallafawa manufa da samar da mafita mai aminci.
Shuka shuke-shuke
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shuka yana amfani da ciyawar, reed ko makamancin kayan don yin rufin da ba shi da ruwa, mai sauƙi tare da kyawawan kayan rufi. Ana shuka shuke-shuke don wannan dalili (sau da yawa alkama) musamman kuma ana girbe shi ta amfani da mai girbi.
Lafiya da aminci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kashewar shinkafa tana gabatar da haɗarin wuta wanda zai iya ƙonewa cikin sauƙi idan an fallasa shi ga hasken wuta ko harshen wuta. Hakanan yana iya haifar da Rhinitis mai guba a cikin mutanen da ke da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan iska kamar ƙurar ciyawar.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mai shayarwa na masara
- Rashin amfanin gona
- Shan ciyawar
- Akwai
- Straw (launi)
- Gida (aikin noma) , tarin kara
- Stook, tarin ciyawar
- Karnuka
- Ginin katako
- Yule Goat
- ↑ Bilo, Fabjola; Pandini, Stefano; Sartore, Luciana; Depero, Laura E.; Gargiulo, Giovanna; Bonassi, Andrea; Federici, Stefania; Bontempi, Elza (2018-11-01). "A sustainable bioplastic obtained from rice straw". Journal of Cleaner Production. 200: 357–368. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.252. S2CID 140096514. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
- ↑ Schnitzer M, Monreal CM, Powell EE (2014). "Wheat straw biomass: A resource for high-value chemicals". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 49 (1): 51–67. Bibcode:2014JESHB..49...51S. doi:10.1080/03601234.2013.836924. PMID 24138469. S2CID 43907721.
- ↑ The Straw Bale House: Suitability for the Eastern U.S.
- ↑ "Adding Value to Wheat Straw By Anduin Kirkbride-McElroy. Biomass Magazine, 2007".
- ↑ "Straw Bale Barrier" (PDF). Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual. Urban Drainage and Flood Control District. November 2010. SBB-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-14.
- ↑ "National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices: Straw or Hay Bales". National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006-06-01. Archived from the original on 2013-07-30.
- ↑ 252507@au.dk (2017-06-30). "show". dca.au.dk (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
- ↑ "Straw Bale Gardening For Beginners | A Great Alternative to Soil Gardening & 10 Vegs To Grow - Organic Gardening Geek". organicgardeningeek.com (in Turanci). 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "eb9".