Karatun yanayi na GDD
 Karatun yanayi na GDD | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
sum (en)  |
Kwanakin digiri na girma (GDD), wanda kuma ake kira raka'a na digiri na girma, kayan aiki ne na heuristic a cikin ilimin halitta. GDD ma'auni ne na tarin zafi da masu aikin lambu, masu lambu, da manoma ke amfani da su don hango hasashen tsire-tsire da ƙimar ci gaban dabbobi kamar ranar da furen zai yi fure, kwari zai fito daga barci, ko kuma amfanin gona zai kai ga balaga. GDD an fara bayyana shi ne ta hanyar Reaumur a cikin shekara ta 1735. [1]
Gabatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Idan babu matsanancin yanayi kamar fari ko cututtuka, tsire-tsire suna girma a cikin hanyar da zafin jiki ke tasiri sosai. Kwanakin digiri na girma suna la'akari da fannoni na yanayin gida kuma suna ba da damar masu lambu su hango (ko, a cikin ɗakunan lambu, har ma da sarrafawa) saurin tsire-tsire zuwa balaga.
Sai dai idan wasu abubuwan muhalli kamar danshi sun jaddada su, yawan ci gaba daga fitowa zuwa balaga ga tsire-tsire da yawa ya dogara da zafin iska na yau da kullun. Saboda yawancin abubuwan ci gaba na tsire-tsire da kwari sun dogara da tarin takamaiman yawan zafi, yana yiwuwa a hango lokacin da waɗannan abubuwan ya kamata su faru a lokacin girma ba tare da la'akari da bambance-bambance a yanayin zafi daga shekara zuwa shekara ba. An bayyana digiri masu girma (GDs) a matsayin yawan digiri na zafin jiki sama da wani ƙofar zafin jiki, wanda ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan amfanin gona. Tushen zafin jiki shine wannan zafin jiki wanda ke ƙasa da shi girma shine sifili. Ana lissafin GDs kowace rana a matsayin matsakaicin zafin jiki tare da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka raba da 2, rage yawan zafin jiki. Ana tara GDUs ta hanyar ƙara gudummawar GDs ta kowace rana yayin da kakar ke ci gaba.
Ana iya amfani da GDUs don: tantance dacewa da yanki don samar da wani amfanin gona; kimanta matakan girma na amfanin gona, ciyawa ko ma matakan rayuwa na kwari; hango tsufa da yanke kwanakin amfanin gona na abinci; hango mafi kyawun lokacin taki ko aikace-aikacen maganin ƙwayoyin cuta; kimanta yanayin zafi akan amfanin gona. Takamaiman alamun amfanin gona waɗanda ke amfani da ma'auni daban-daban don tasirin mafi ƙarancin yau da kullun (lokacin dare) da matsakaicin yanayin zafi (lokacin rana) akan girma ana kiransu raka'a na zafi na amfanin gona (CHUs).
| Sunan gama gari | Sunan Latin | Adadin kwanakin digiri na girma 10 °C |
|---|---|---|
| Maƙaryaci | Hamamelis spp. | ya fara fure a <1 GDD |
| Red maple | Ruwan ƙarfe | ya fara fure a 1-27 GDD |
| Forsythia | Forsythia spp. | fara fure a 1-27 GDD |
| Sugar maple | Karfe saccharum | fara fure a 1-27 GDD |
| Katin Norway | Karfe na platanoids | ya fara fure a 30-50 GDD |
| Fararen toka | Fraxinus americana | ya fara fure a 30-50 GDD |
| Tsuntsu | Malus spp. | ya fara fure a 50-80 GDD |
| Yankin da aka saba amfani da shi | Cytisus scoparius | ya fara fure a 50-80 GDD |
| Horsechestnut | Aesculus hippocastanum | fara fure a 80-110 GDD |
| Lilac na yau da kullun | Syringa vulgaris | fara fure a 80-110 GDD |
| Ruwan bakin teku | Prunus maritima | cikakken fure a 80-110 GDD |
| Black tururuwa | Robinia pseudoacacia | ya fara fure a 140-160 GDD |
| Katalpa | Catalpa speciosa | ya fara fure a 250-330 GDD |
| Privet | Ligustrum spp. | ya fara fure a 330-400 GDD |
| Elderberry | Sambucus canadensis | ya fara fure a 330-400 GDD |
| Purple loosestrife | Lythrum salicaria | ya fara fure a 400-450 GDD |
| Sumac | Rhus typhina | ya fara fure a 450-500 GDD |
| Budurwa mai suna Butterfly bush | Buddleia davidii | ya fara fure a 550-650 GDD |
| Masara | Zea ya yi | 800 zuwa 2700 GDD zuwa tsufa |
| Dry beanswake | Phaseolus vulgaris | 1100-1300 GDD zuwa balaga dangane da yanayin shuka da ƙasa |
| Shukari beet | Beta vulgaris | 130 GDD zuwa fitowa da 1400-1500 GDD zuwa balaga |
| Barley | Hordeum na yau da kullun | 125-162 GDD zuwa fitowa da 1290-1540 GDD zuwa balaga |
| Alkama (ja mai ƙarfi) | Triticum aestivum | 143-178 GDD zuwa fitowa da 1550-1680 GDD zuwa balaga |
| Oats | Avena sativa | 1500-1750 GDD zuwa balaga |
| Yankin masara na Turai | Ostrinia nubilalis | 207 - Fitowar asu na farko na bazara |
Kula da annoba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu manoma da masu horticulturalists suna amfani da ci gaban Kwari da kwanakin girma don yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta ko wasu hanyoyin Kula da kwari don haka suna amfani da hanya ko magani a inda kwari ya fi fuskantar rauni. Misali, lokacin amfani da tushe na 10 °C::
- Black cutworm larvae sun girma sosai don fara haifar da lalacewar tattalin arziki a 166 GDD [2]
- Manya masu aikin ganye na Boxwood sun fito ne a kusan 139 GDD [3]
- Zamani na farko na shekara-shekara na birch leafminer manya sun fito tsakanin 48 da 203 GDD da kuma ƙarni na biyu na shekara- shekara-sheko tsakanin 319 da 524 GDD [4]
- Shekarar farko ta shekara-shekara ta tsutsotsi na fall webworm ta fito tsakanin 350 da 749 GDD, ta biyu tsakanin 791 da 1540 GDD, kuma ta uku tsakanin 1580 da 1790 [4]
- Mimosa webworm larvae bayyanar farko ta matsakaicin 543 GDD [4]
- Kwayar kwai ta farko ta shekara-shekara ta Oak lace ta faru tsakanin 311 da 652 GDD, ta biyu tsakanin 869 da 1048 GDD, kuma ta uku tsakanin 1260 da 1306 GDD [4]
- Pine needle scale ta farko shekara-shekara kwai hatch ya faru tsakanin 35 da 526 GDD kuma na biyu tsakanin 1110 da 1511 GDD [4]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ferchault de Réaumur, René Antoine (2023-02-06). "Observations du thermometre, faites a Paris pendant l'annees 1735, comparees a celles qui ont ete faites sous la ligne, a l'Isle de France, a Alger et en quelques-unes de nos isles de l'Amerique" (PDF). Mémoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Alt URL.
- ↑ "Black Cutworm". Integrated Crop Management (in Turanci). 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
- ↑ "Nursery and Landscape Pest Scouting Guide: 150–250 Growing Degree-days and Boxwood Blight Risk ( currently = low risk )". Plant & Pest Advisory (in Turanci). 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Richardson, Matthew; Caron, Dewey; Suchanic, David (2006). "Degree-Days for Five Ornamental Pests from an 11-Year Field Study". Journal of Entomological Science. 41 (1): 87–89.