Karayuki-san
 Karayuki-san | |
|---|---|
historical profession (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
prostitute (en) da Japanese expatriate (en) |
| Jinsi | mace |
| Suna a harshen gida | 唐行きさん |
| Wurin aiki |
Southeast Asia (en) |
| Social classification (en) |
slave (mul) |
| Harshen aiki ko suna |
Kyūshū Japanese (en) |
Karayuki-san shine sunan da aka ba 'yan mata da mata na Japan a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20 waɗanda aka yi fataucin su daga yankunan noma da ke fama da talauci a Japan zuwa wuraren da ke Gabashin Asiya, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Siberia (Rasha Far East), Manchuria, Birtaniya Indiya, da Ostiraliya, don yin aiki a matsayin karuwai.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karayuki-san , yana nuna irin waɗannan mata da suka tafi kasashen waje don aiki, yawanci a matsayin karuwanci, courtesans, da geisha, a yankin Asiya-Pacific. An ɗaure su sau da yawa zuwa yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Turai a kudu maso gabashin Asiya ko Pacific, daga ƙarshen zamanin Edo zuwa zamanin Meiji (ƙarshen rabin karni na 19 zuwa farkon karni na 20) da kuma wasu shekaru bayan haka.[1][2] A wannan lokacin, akwai cibiyar sadarwar karuwanci ta Japan da ake fataucin su a duk faɗin Asiya, a cikin abin da aka sani da "Yellow Slave Traffic".[3]
A lokacin manufofin warewa na Tokugawa (1639-1853) lokacin da aka haramta wucewa zuwa kasashen waje, karayuki yana nufin wani abu, wato, karuwai waɗanda suka ba da sabis na yarinya ga mazajen kasar Sin da ke tsibirin Dejima a Nagasaki. Sai kawai 'yan kasar Sin da Dutch (kasashen kasuwanci kawai) aka ba su izinin zama a Japan kwata-kwata, kuma kawai a tsibirin. Matan da suka yi wa Dutch hidima ana kiransu oranda-yuki . Matan sun yi tafiya zuwa tsibirin wucin gadi na kwana daya (daga baya kwanaki 5) a lokaci guda, yawanci ana aika su daga kotunan Maruyama (Nagasaki) na Nagasaki. Wani sanannen misali shine Taki wanda ya zama matar Philipp Franz von Siebold ta haifi 'yar, Kusumoto Ine.
Daga baya karayuki-san ya lalace a cikin mulkin Burtaniya Hong Kong, Shanghai, da Singapore ko British Malaya ko Dutch East Indies, [1] kuma daga baya Australia (kimanin 1896-1916). [2] [2][lower-alpha 1][1]
Yawancin matan da suka tafi kasashen waje don yin aiki a matsayin karayuki-san sun kasance 'ya'ya mata na matalauta masu noma ko masu kamun kifi, ko kuma burakumin ne. Masu sulhu da ake kira zegen [ja] sun shirya mata su je kasashen waje ta hanyar neman 'yan mata masu shekaru masu dacewa a cikin al'ummomin noma matalauta kuma su biya iyayensu, suna gaya musu cewa suna zuwa kasashen waje don rayuwa mafi kyau.[1] Zegen kuma ya koma ga satar mutane, kuma labarai sun rubuta mummunan yadda ake bi da 'yan matan da suke isar da su.[1] Masu sulhu za su sami kuɗi ta hanyar ba da 'yan mata ga mutane a masana'antar karuwanci.[1]
Kusa da ƙarshen lokacin Meiji akwai adadi mai yawa na karayuki-san, kuma 'yan matan da suka tafi waɗannan tafiye-tafiye na ketare ana jin daɗin suna joshigun (娘子軍), ko "sojojin mata." [4] Duk da haka gaskiyar ita ce yawancin masu ladabi sun jagoranci rayuwar baƙin ciki da kadaici a gudun hijira kuma sau da yawa sun mutu suna ƙanana daga cututtuka na jima'i, sakaci da yanke ƙauna. Tare da babban tasiri na kasa da kasa na Japan yayin da ya zama Babban Ƙarfi, abubuwa sun fara canzawa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba an dauki karayuki-san abin kunya. A cikin 1910s da 1920s, jami'an Japan na kasashen waje sun yi aiki tukuru don kawar da gidajen karuwai na Japan da kuma kula da martabar Jafananci, [ 15 ] ko da yake ba koyaushe tare da cikakkiyar nasara ba. Yawancin karayuki-san sun koma Japan, amma wasu sun kasance.
A cikin Ostiraliya da Singapore
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baƙi da ke zuwa arewacin Ostiraliya sune Melanesian, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Sinawa waɗanda kusan dukkanin maza ne, tare da Jafananci, waɗanda kawai ba su da kyau a cikin wannan rukuni sun haɗa da mata. Mutanen Australiya masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi imani da fifikon fararen fata sun yi godiya kuma sun amince da shigar da karuwancin Japan, tunda ma'aikatan da ba fararen fata ba sun gamsu da bukatun jima'i da matan Japan maimakon fararen fata, suna guje wa dangantakar launin fata. A Ostiraliya, ma'anar "White" har ma an taƙaita shi ga mutanen da suka fito daga Burtaniya.[5] An dauki karuwancin Italiya da Faransanci a matsayin "baƙi" tare da matan Japan, kuma gwamnatoci da 'yan sanda a Yammacin Ostiraliya sun goyi bayan kasuwancin su tunda waɗannan mata na iya ba da sabis ga maza "launi" maimakon matan White Anglo-Saxon. R. H. Underwood, wani dan siyasa a Yammacin Ostiraliya, ya yi bikin gaskiyar cewa akwai karuwai da yawa na Italiya, Jafananci, da Faransa a Yammafin Ostiraliya a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1915.[5]
A Yamma da Gabashin Ostiraliya, 'yan karuwanci na Japan sun yi wa mazajen kasar Sin masu hakar zinariya hidima. A cikin masana'antun sukari, lu'u-lu'u, da ma'adinai na Arewacin Australia, karuwai na Japan sun yi wa Kanakas, Malays, da Sinanci hidima. Wadannan mata sun isa Ostiraliya ko Amurka ta hanyar Kuala Lumpur da Singapore, inda aka koya musu aikin jima'i. Sun samo asali ne daga yankunan noma marasa galihu na Japan kuma jami'an mulkin mallaka na Australiya sun amince da ba da izini ga masu karuwanci na Japan don yin jima'i da maza "launi", tunda sun yi tunanin cewa za a yi wa mata fyade idan ba a sami karuwancin Japan ba. Garuruwan tashar jiragen ruwa sun sami fa'idodi ga tattalin arzikin su daga kasancewar gidajen karuwai na Japan.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Frances 2007.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sissons 1977.
- ↑ Fischer-Tiné 2003.
- ↑ Murashima, Eiji. "Karayuki-san(Japanese Prostitutes)in Thailand: 1885‒1920". アジア太平洋討究 – via jstage.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Boris & Janssens 1999.
- ↑ Mayne & Atkinson 2011.
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