Kare Yara Daga Dokar Laifin Jima'i
 Kare Yara Daga Dokar Laifin Jima'i | |
|---|---|
Act of the Parliament of India (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na |
list of Acts of the Parliament of India for 2012 (en) |
| Ƙasa | Indiya |
| Applies to jurisdiction (en) | Indiya |
| Ranar wallafa | 20 ga Yuni, 2012 |
| Shafin yanar gizo | egazette.nic.in… |
| Effective date (en) | 14 Nuwamba, 2012 |
| Date of promulgation (en) | 19 ga Yuni, 2012 |
| Amended by (en) |
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2019 (en) , Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2018 (en) , Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (en) da Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 (en) |
| Legal citation of this text (en) | Act No. 32 of 2012 |
Dokar Kariyar Yara daga Laifukan Jima'i (POCSO) game da dokokin cin zarafin yara a Indiya an zartar da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin kare yara na Indiya. Majalisar Indiya ta zartar da dokar POCSO a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2012, ta mai da ita doka.[1] Ma'aikatar Mata da Ci gaban Yara, Indiya ta zartar da wata doka. An sanar da dokokin da gwamnati ta tsara bisa ga doka a watan Nuwamba 2012 kuma dokar ta riga ta shirya don aiwatarwa. An yi kira da yawa don ƙarin tsauraran dokoki.
Indiya tana daya daga cikin mafi yawan yawan yara a duniya. Kididdiga ta 2011 ta nuna cewa Indiya tana da yawan yara miliyan 472 da ba su kai shekara sha takwas ba. An ba da garantin kariyar yara ta jihar ga citizensan ƙasar Indiya ta hanyar faɗaɗa karatun sashe na 21 na kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya, kuma an ba da izinin ba da matsayin Indiya a matsayin mai rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Haƙƙin Yara.[2]
Dokoki kafin POCSO
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar Yara ta Goa, 2003, [12] ita ce kawai takamaiman yanki na dokar cin zarafin yara kafin Dokar 2012. An tuhumi laifin lalata da yara a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sassan na Tsarin Laifin Indiya:
I.P.C. (1860) 375 - Fyade
I.P.C. (1860) 354 - Rashin kunya ga girman mace
I.P.C. (1860) 377 - Laifin da ba a saba ba
Duk da haka, IPC ba zai iya kare yaron yadda ya kamata ba saboda madogara daban-daban kamar:
IPC 375 ba ta kare mazajen da abin ya shafa ko kowa daga ayyukan jima'i ba tare da "al'ada" na al'aura ba.
IPC 354 ba ta da ma'anar "tawali'u" na doka. Yana ɗaukar hukunci mai rauni kuma babban laifi ne. Bugu da ƙari, ba ya kare "lafiya" na ɗa namiji.
IPC 377 ba ta ayyana kalmar "laifi mara kyau". Yana shafi ne kawai ga waɗanda abin ya shafa ta hanyar jima'i da maharin ya shigar, kuma ba a tsara shi don yin lalata da yara ba.[3]
Kare Yara Daga Dokar Laifin Jima'i, 2012
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Laifukan da ke ƙarƙashin Dokar a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2012
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar Kare Yara daga Laifukan Jima'i (POCSO), 2012 an kafa shi don samar da ingantaccen tsarin doka don kare yara daga laifukan cin zarafi, cin zarafi da batsa, tare da kiyaye sha'awar yaron a kowane mataki na tsarin shari'a. Ƙirƙirar Dokar tana neman sanya yara a gaba ta hanyar sauƙaƙe amfani da su ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin da za a iya ba da rahoton abokantaka na yara, rikodin shaida, bincike da sauri na shari'ar laifuffuka ta hanyar da aka keɓe na Kotuna na Musamman.
Dokar POCSO ta fayyace laifuffuka iri-iri da za a iya hukunta wanda ake tuhuma a ƙarƙashinsu. Yana gane nau'ikan shigar ciki ban da shigar azzakari cikin farji ba kuma yana haramta ayyukan rashin kunya ga yara kuma. Laifukan da ke ƙarƙashin dokar sun haɗa da:
Cin Duri da Ilimin Jima'i: Shigar azzakari/abu/wani sashin jiki a cikin farjin yaro/urethra/ dubura/baki, ko neman yaron yayi haka da su ko wani mutum.
Cin Zarafin Jima'i: Lokacin da mutum ya taɓa yaron da niyyar jima'i, ko sa yaron ya taɓa su ko wani.
Cin Duri da Ilimin Jima'i: wuce maganar al'adar jima'i, motsin jima'i/hayaniyar jima'i, bi da bi, walƙiya, da sauransu.
Labarin Batsa na Yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ilimin Jima'i/ Ciwon Jima'i mai tsanani
Dokar ba ta da nasaba da jinsi, ga yara da wadanda ake tuhuma. Game da hotunan batsa, aikin ya kuma haramta kallon ko tattara abubuwan batsa da suka shafi yara. Dokar ta mayar da (ƙarfafa) cin zarafin yara laifi. A cikin 2019, an gyara dokar POCSO kuma an ƙara yin tsauri, ta hanyar haɓaka mafi ƙarancin hukunci don cin zarafi daga shekaru 7 zuwa 10 da shekaru 20 idan wanda aka azabtar ya kasance ƙasa da shekaru 16, tare da matsakaicin hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da tanadin hukuncin kisa don mummunan hari.[4] 18.
Tsari mai dacewa da yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hakanan yana ba da sauye-sauye na tsari daban-daban, yana sa tsarin gwaji mai gajiyarwa a Indiya ya fi sauƙi ga yara. Tsarin abokantaka na yara yana nufin rage raunin da wanda aka azabtar ya ji, kawar da yiwuwar sake sakewa da kuma kare kariya daga tsoratarwa.
Wanda aka yi wa lalata da yara yana iya shigar da ƙara a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da shekarunsa ba.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Protection of Children Against Sexual Offences Bill (POCSO), 2011Archived October 5, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Article 21, Protection Of Life and Personal Liberty". Constitution Of India, CLPR. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ↑ IPC 377 Archived November 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Government approves changes in POCSO Act, includes death penalty for sexual offences against children". The Economic Times. 10 July 2019. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 August 2023
- ↑ Model Guidelines under Section 39 of The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (PDF). Ministry of Women and Child development. September 2013. pp. 64, 65.