Kare yanayi
 Kare yanayi | |
|---|---|
academic discipline (en)  , branch of biology (en) da branch of ecology (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
conservation (en) |
| Bangare na |
sustainability (en) |
| Significant person (en) |
Theodore Roosevelt (mul) |
| Named by (en) |
Ernst Rudorff (mul) da Gifford Pinchot (en) |
| Muhimmin darasi |
karewar kwayoyin halitta, habitat (en) , Sabis ɗin yanayin halittu da biodiversity (en) |
| Influenced by (en) |
biocentrism (en) , anthropocentrism (en) , Tsayar da Muhalli, sentientism (mul) da Tabbacin kiyayewa |
| Has goal (en) |
habitat conservation (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) |
nature conservation award (en) |
Kare yanayi shine falsafar ɗabi'a / ɗabi'ar da kuma motsi na kiyayewa wanda aka mayar da hankali kan kare jinsuna daga halaka, kiyayewa da maido da wuraren zama, inganta Ayyukan yanayin halittu, da kare bambancin halittu. Akwai dabi'u da yawa da ke haifar da kiyayewa, wanda za'a iya jagorantar shi ta hanyar Biocentrism, anthropocentrism Ecocentrism, da sentientism, akidar muhalli da ke sanar da ayyukan al'adu da kuma ainihi. Kwanan nan an sami motsi zuwa ga kiyayewa na tushen shaida wanda ke kira ga ƙarin amfani da shaidar kimiyya don inganta tasirin kokarin kiyayewa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2018 an kare 15% na ƙasa da 7.3% na teku. Yawancin masu kula da muhalli sun sanya burin kare kashi 30% na ƙasar da yankin ruwa a shekara ta 2030 .[1] A cikin 2021, an kare 16.64% na ƙasa da 7.9% na teku. [2][3] Rahoton IPCC na 2022 game da tasirin yanayi da daidaitawa, ya jaddada bukatar kiyaye 30% zuwa 50% na ƙasar Duniya, ruwa mai laushi da yankunan teku - yana nuna burin 30% na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Biodiversity.[4][5]
Gabatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manufofin kiyayewa sun haɗa da kiyaye mazaunin, hana sare daji, kiyaye kwayoyin ƙasa, dakatar da lalacewar jinsuna, rage Yawan kamun kifi, da rage Canjin yanayi. Ra'ayoyi daban-daban na falsafa suna jagorantar masu kiyayewa zuwa ga waɗannan manufofi daban-daban.
Babban darajar da ke haifar da maganganu da yawa na ka'idar kiyayewa shine cewa duniyar halitta tana da ƙima mai mahimmanci tare da ƙimar amfani - ra'ayi da wasu sassan yunkurin kiyayewa na kimiyya da wasu tsofaffin makarantun Romantic na Yunkurin muhalli suka ci gaba. Masana falsafa sun haɗa darajar intrinsic ga fannoni daban-daban na yanayi, ko wannan kwayoyin halitta ne (Biocentrism) ko duka muhalli kamar jinsuna ko tsarin halittu (ecoholism).
Ƙarin makarantun mai amfani na kiyayewa suna da hangen nesa na mutum kuma suna neman kimantawa mai kyau na tasirin gida da na duniya na ayyukan ɗan adam akan yanayi a cikin tasirin su akan jin daɗi ɗan adam, yanzu da kuma zuriya. Yadda ake kimanta irin waɗannan dabi'u da musayar tsakanin mutane yana ƙayyade ƙuntatawa na zamantakewa, siyasa da na mutum da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da kiyayewa. Wannan ra'ayi ne na yau da kullun a cikin Yunkurin muhalli na zamani. Akwai karuwar sha'awar fadada alhakin jin daɗin ɗan adam don haɗawa da jin daɗin dabbobi masu hankali. A cikin 2022 Ƙasar Ingila ta gabatar da Dokar Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi (Sentience) wanda ya lissafa duk dabbobi masu kashin baya, decapod crustaceans da cephalopods a matsayin halittu masu hankali.[6] Rukunin ka'idojin kiyayewa da ke mai ji hankali kan mutane masu hankali sun haɗa da Ecofeminism da kiyayewa mai tausayi[7]
A Amurka, shekara ta 1864 ta ga an buga littattafai biyu waɗanda suka kafa tushe ga al'adun kiyayewa na Romantic da Utilitarian a Amurka. Littafin da aka wallafa bayan mutuwar Henry David Thoreau's Walden ya kafa girman yanayin da ba a lalata shi ba a matsayin birni don ciyar da ruhun mutum. Wani littafi daban-daban daga George Perkins Marsh, Man and Nature, daga baya mai taken "The Earth as Modified by Human Action", ya tsara abubuwan da ya lura game da mutum yana gajiyarwa da canza ƙasar da abin da yake ciyarwa.
An bayyana ka'idar kiyaye mabukaci a matsayin halayen da halayen da mutane da iyalai ke gudanarwa da kuma shiga ciki waɗanda a ƙarshe ke aiki don rage yawan amfani da makamashi na al'umma.[8][9] Yunkurin kiyayewa ya fito ne daga ci gaba tunanin ɗabi'a.[10] Ƙarin yawan masana falsafa da masana kimiyya sun sa ya girma ta hanyar la'akari da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da kwayoyin halitta tare da irin wannan tsananin.[11] Wannan ka'idar zamantakewa da farko tana da alaƙa da sayen gida, sayen ɗabi'a, ci gaba, da ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun sabuntawa, daidaitaccen amfani da kayan aiki masu iyaka, da kuma hana cutar da albarkatuna na yau da kullun kamar iska da ingancin ruwa, ayyukan halitta na duniya mai rai, da dabi'un al'adu a cikin Yanayin da aka gina. Ana amfani da waɗannan ayyukan don rage saurin saurin da halaka ke faruwa a. Asalin wannan ɗabi'a za a iya gano shi zuwa ga imani daban-daban na falsafa da addini; wato, an ba da shawarar waɗannan ayyukan tsawon ƙarni. A baya, an rarraba kiyayewa a ƙarƙashin ra'ayoyi daban-daban, gami da anthropocentric, kiyayewa mai amfani, da ra'ayoyin siyasa na muhalli.
Kwanan nan, an haɗa manyan ƙungiyoyi uku don zama abin da muka sani yanzu a matsayin ɗabi'ar kiyayewa. Mutumin da aka yaba da shi tare da tsara ka'idar kiyayewa a Amurka shine tsohon shugaban kasa, Theodore Roosevelt . [12]
Kalmomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar "tsaron" ta samo asali ne daga Gifford Pinchot a cikin 1907. Ya gaya wa babban abokinsa Shugaban Amurka Theodore Roosevelt wanda ya yi amfani da shi don taron gwamnoni na kasa a shekara ta 1908.
A cikin amfani na yau da kullun, kalmar tana nufin aikin kare albarkatun kasa kamar gandun daji, gami da bambancin halittu. Carl F. Jordan ya bayyana kiyaye halittu kamar haka:
a philosophy of managing the environment in a manner that does not despoil, exhaust or extinguish.
Duk da yake wannan amfani ba sabon abu ba ne, an yi amfani da ra'ayin kiyaye halittu ga ka'idodin ilimin muhalli, ilmin halitta, ilimin ɗan adam, tattalin arziki, da ilimin zamantakewa don kula da bambancin halittu.
Kalmar "tsaron" kanta na iya rufe ra'ayoyi kamar bambancin al'adu, bambancin kwayar halitta, da kuma manufar ƙungiyoyin kiyaye muhalli, kula da banki (tsaron tsaba), da daidaitawar banki na kwayar halitta (tsaron kayan kwayar halitta na dabbobi). Wadannan galibi ana taƙaita su a matsayin fifiko don girmama bambancin.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Conservation biology - Nazarin barazanar bambancin halittu
- Conservation community - Ci gaban amfani da ƙasa mai sarrafawaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
- Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
- Dark green environmentalism - Matsayin da ke goyon bayan haɗuwa da canjin fasaha tare da muhalliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
- Environmental history of the United States
- Environmental protection - Ayyukan kare muhalli
- Forest conservation - Sashen gandun dajiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
- Geoconservation - Ayyukan kiyayewa
- Index of environmental articles
- List of environmental issues
- List of environmental organizations
- Natural capital - Kayan duniya na albarkatun kasa
- Natural environment - Abubuwa masu rai da wadanda ba masu rai ba a Duniya
- Natural resource - Albarkatun da ke wanzu ba tare da ayyukan bil'adama ba
- Relationship between animal ethics and environmental ethics
- Sustainable agriculture - Hanyar noma da ke daidaita yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a cikin dogon lokaci
- Trail ethics - Jagororin da ke inganta girmamawa, aminci, da kula da muhalli yayin amfani da hanyoyi.
- Water conservation - Manufofin ci gaba mai ɗorewa na amfani da ruwa
- Wildlife conservation - Ayyukan kare tsire-tsire da nau'in dabbobi da wuraren zama
- 30 by 30 - Shirin kiyaye muhalli na kasa da kasa
- Artificialization - Abubuwan da suka faru na ilimin ƙasa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ MARRIS, EMMA (31 January 2019). "To keep the planet flourishing, 30% of Earth needs protection by 2030". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ↑ "Governments achieve target of protecting 17% of land globally". the Guardian (in Turanci). 19 May 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ↑ "2021's top ocean news stories (commentary)". Mongabay Environmental News (in Turanci). 28 December 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ↑ Januta, Andrea (1 March 2022). "Key takeaways from the IPCC report on climate impacts and adaptation". World Economic Forum (in Turanci). Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ↑ "Negotiators agree to historic biodiversity deal at COP15". euronews (in Turanci). 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ↑ "Animals to be formally recognised as sentient beings in domestic law". GOV.UK (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ↑ Wallach, Arian D.; Batavia, Chelsea; Bekoff, Marc; Alexander, Shelley; Baker, Liv; Ben-Ami, Dror; Boronyak, Louise; Cardilini, Adam P. A.; Carmel, Yohay; Celermajer, Danielle; Coghlan, Simon (2020). "Recognizing animal personhood in compassionate conservation". Conservation Biology (in Turanci). 34 (5): 1097–1106. Bibcode:2020ConBi..34.1097W. doi:10.1111/cobi.13494. ISSN 1523-1739. PMC 7540678. PMID 32144823.
- ↑ HALDEMAN, VIRGINIA A.; PETERS, JEANNE M.; TRIPPLE, PATRICIA A. (1987). "Measuring a Consumer Energy Conservation Ethic: An Analysis of Components". The Journal of Consumer Affairs. 21 (1): 70–85. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1987.tb00188.x. ISSN 0022-0078. JSTOR 23859354.
- ↑ Leonard-Barton, Dorothy (1981). "Voluntary Simplicity Lifestyles and Energy Conservation". Journal of Consumer Research. 8 (3): 243–252. doi:10.1086/208861. ISSN 0093-5301. JSTOR 2488881.
- ↑ VERNEY, RALPH (1984). "Towards a Conservation Ethic". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 132 (5336): 501–512. ISSN 0035-9114. JSTOR 41373777.
- ↑ "BIOPHILIA 2017". Biophilia. 2017 (3): v. 2017. doi:10.14813/ibra.2017.v. ISSN 2186-8433.
- ↑ "The Conservation Ethic & The Founding the US Forest Service". Alpha Steward. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.