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Karkatar da canjin yanayi na ExxonMobil

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Daga shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 2000, ExxonMobil ya kasance jagora a musanta canjin yanayi, yana adawa da ka'idoji rage dumamar yanayi. Misali, ExxonMobil ya kasance babban tasiri wajen hana tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta Amurkau[1] ExxonMobil ta ba da tallafin kungiyoyi masu sukar Yarjejeniyar Kyoto da neman lalata ra'ayin jama'a game da yarjejeniyar kimiyya cewa dumamar duniya ta haifar da ƙone man fetur. Daga cikin Manyan kamfanonin mai, ExxonMobil ya kasance mafi aiki a cikin muhawara game da canjin yanayi.[1] Dangane da bincike na 2007 da Union of Concerned Scientists ta yi, kamfanin ya yi amfani da yawancin dabarun, dabaru, kungiyoyi, da ma'aikatan da Masana'antar taba ta yi amfani da su wajen musanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin ciwon huhu da shan sigari.[2]

ExxonMobil ta ba da kuɗi, a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Kasuwanci, Cibiyar George C. Marshall, Cibiyar Heartland, Majalisar musayar dokokin Amurka da Cibiyar Manufofin Duniya. : 67 Tsakanin 1998 da 2004, ExxonMobil ta ba da dala miliyan 16 ga kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari waɗanda suka yi jayayya da tasirin dumamar yanayi na duniya. Daga 1989 har zuwa Afrilu 2010, ExxonMobil da wanda ya riga shi Mobil sun sayi tallace-tallace na yau da kullun a cikin The New York Times, The Washington Post, da The Wall Street Journal suna da'awar cewa kimiyyar canjin yanayi ba ta da tabbas. 

Wani bincike da aka gudanar ta The Carbon Brief a cikin 2011 ya gano cewa 9 daga cikin 10 daga cikin marubuta masu yawa waɗanda suka yi shakku game da canjin yanayi ko kuma suka yi magana game da shi suna da alaƙa da ExxonMobil. Greenpeace sun ce masana'antun Koch sun saka hannun jari sama da dala miliyan 50 a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata kan yada shakku game da canjin yanayi.[3][4][5]

Tun daga shekarun 1970s, ExxonMobil da wadanda suka gabace shi sun shiga cikin binciken yanayi da ke mai da hankali kan dumamar duniya. Daga ƙarshen 1970s da kuma cikin 1980s, Exxon ta ba da kuɗin haɗin gwiwar ciki da jami'a, gabaɗaya daidai da ci gaban tsarin kimiyya na jama'a. Wani bita a cikin ya gano cewa tsinkayen dumamar duniya da aka rubuta da kuma samfuran da masana kimiyya na ExxonMobil suka kirkira tsakanin 1977 da 2003 sun "daidai" da kuma "da ƙwarewa" tsara dumamar duniya saboda ƙonewar man fetur, kuma sun kiyasta yadda yawan CO zai haifar da dumamar haɗari. Marubutan takardar sun kammala cewa: "Duk da haka, yayin da masana kimiyya da gwamnati suka yi aiki don sadarwa da abin da suka sani ga jama'a, ExxonMobil ya yi aiki don musanta shi. "[6][7]

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, ExxonMobil ta fitar da wani rahoto da ya amince da hadarin canjin yanayi a karon farko. ExxonMobil ya yi hasashen cewa karuwar yawan jama'a a duniya, karuwar yanayin rayuwa da karuwar damar samun makamashi zai haifar da karamin hayaki. A cikin 2015, ta nuna goyon baya ga harajin carbon.

A cikin 2015, Babban Lauyan New York ya kaddamar da bincike ko maganganun ExxonMobil ga masu saka hannun jari sun dace da shekarun da kamfanin ya yi na bincike na kimiyya mai zurfi. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, bisa ga wannan binciken, Jihar New York ta kai ExxonMobil karar, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa kamfanin ya yaudari masu hannun jari ta hanyar rage haɗarin canjin yanayi ga kasuwancin sa.

Binciken kansa

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Daga ƙarshen 1970s zuwa 1980s, Exxon, ɗaya daga cikin magabata na ExxonMobil, ya yi suna a cikin jama'a a matsayin majagaba a cikin binciken sauyin yanayi. Exxon ya ba da gudummawar haɗin gwiwa na ciki da na jami'a, gabaɗaya daidai da haɓaka tsarin kimiyyar jama'a, kuma ya haɓaka suna don ƙwarewa a cikin iskar carbon dioxide (CO2). Tsakanin 1970s da 2015, Exxon da ExxonMobil masu bincike da masu haɗin gwiwar ilimi sun buga takaddun bincike da yawa. ExxonMobil ya ba da jerin abubuwan da aka ambata sama da 50 daga wancan lokacin.[8][9]

A watan Yulin 1977, wani babban masanin kimiyya na Exxon, James Black, ya ba da rahoton ga shugabannin kamfanin cewa akwai yarjejeniyar kimiyya ta gaba ɗaya a wannan lokacin cewa ƙone man fetur shine hanyar da ta fi dacewa da bil'adama ke rinjayar canjin yanayi na duniya. A cikin 1979-1982, Exxon ya gudanar da shirin bincike na canjin yanayi da ƙirar yanayi, gami da aikin bincike na samar da babbar jirgin ruwa mai suna Esso Atlantic tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje da na'urori masu auna sigina don auna shawar carbon dioxide ta teku. [10] A cikin 1980, Exxon ya lura cewa man fetur na roba yana ƙara hayakin CO2 akan kwatankwacin man fetur.[11] Exxon ya kuma yi nazarin hanyoyin kauce wa hayaki na CO2 idan za a bunkasa Filin iskar gas na Gabashin Natuna (Natuna D-Alpha block) daga Indonesia.

A cikin 1981, Exxon ya canza mayar da hankali ga binciken sa zuwa Tsarin yanayi. A cikin 1982, ofishin harkokin muhalli na Exxon ya rarraba wani rahoto na ciki ga gudanarwar Exxon wanda ya ce Sakamakon canjin yanayi na iya zama bala'i, kuma cewa raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfani da man fetur zai zama dole don rage canjin yanayi a nan gaba. Ya kuma ce "akwai damuwa tsakanin wasu kungiyoyin kimiyya cewa da zarar tasirin ya kasance mai auna, bazai iya juyawa ba".[12]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 van den Hove, Sybille; Le Menestrel, Marc; de Bettignies, Henri-Claude (2002). "The oil industry and climate change: strategies and ethical dilemmas". Climate Policy (in Turanci). 2 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2002CliPo...2....3V. doi:10.3763/cpol.2002.0202. ISSN 1469-3062.
  2. ↑ "Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air | Union of Concerned Scientists". www.ucsusa.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-06.
  3. ↑ "9 out of 10 top climate change deniers linked with Exxon Mobil". 2011-05-10.
  4. ↑ "Analysing the '900 papers supporting climate scepticism': 9 out of top 10 authors linked to ExxonMobil".
  5. ↑ "Exposing the dirty money behind fake climate science". Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  6. ↑ Supran, G.; Rahmstorf, S.; Oreskes, N. (2023-01-13). "Assessing ExxonMobil's global warming projections". Science (in Turanci). 379 (6628): eabk0063. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.0063S. doi:10.1126/science.abk0063. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36634176 Check |pmid= value (help).
  7. ↑ Milman, Oliver. "Revealed: Exxon made 'breathtakingly' accurate climate predictions in 1970s and '80s". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  8. ↑ Banerjee, Song & Hasemyer 2015b: "ExxonMobil scientists have been involved in climate research and related policy analysis for more than 30 years, yielding more than 50 papers in peer-reviewed publications."
  9. ↑ Cohen, Ken. "When it Come to Climate Change, Read the Documents". ExxonMobil Perspectives. ExxonMobil. Archived from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved Jan 31, 2016.
  10. ↑ Garvey, Edward; Prahl, Fred; Nazimek, Kenneth; Shaw, Henry (March 1982). "Exxon Global Samfuri:CO2 Measurement System". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 31 (1): 32–36. Bibcode:1982ITIM...31...32G. doi:10.1109/TIM.1982.6312509. S2CID 9477708.
  11. ↑ Shaw & McCall 1980
  12. ↑ Banerjee, Song & Hasemyer 2015a
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