Karolina Lanckorońska

 

Countess Karolina Maria Adelajda Franciszka Ksawera Małgorzata Edina Lanckorońska ( lafazin Yaren mutanen Poland: [ka.rɔˈlʲi.na lant͡skɔˈrɔɲska] 11 ga Agusta 1898 - 25 ga Agusta 2002) ɗan ƙasar Poland mai daraja, ɗan gwagwarmayar tarihin Yaƙin Duniya na II, ɗan gwagwarmayar tarihi.

Lanckorońska ta bar wa Poland babban tarin kayan fasaha bayan da ƙasarta ta sami 'yanci daga gurguzu da mulkin Soviet a lokacin juyin juya halin 1989. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya ganin tarin Lanckoronski a cikin Royal Castle na Warsaw da kuma Wawel Castle na Kraków .

Rayuwa

An haifi Lanckorońska a Gars am Kamp, Lower Austria, 'yar Count Karol Lanckoroński, wani fitaccen ɗan Poland daga dangin Galician, da matarsa ta uku, Gimbiya Margarethe Lichnowsky von Woschütz, 'yar Yarima Karl Max Lichnowsky .

Iyayen Lanckorońska, na Jacek Malczewski

An yi renon ta kuma ta yi karatu a Vienna (babban birnin Daular Austro-Hungary, wanda yawancin Poland ta rabu a ciki), inda ta yi karatun jami'a. Ta zauna a fadar iyalinta, Palais Lanckoroński . Bayan Poland ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1918, Lanckorońska ta koyar a Jami'ar Lwów . Ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a fannin Tarihin Fasaha a shekarar 1934, kuma Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Poland ta gyara ta a shekarar 1936.

Bayan mamayar da Sojojin Soviet Red Army suka yi wa Poland, ciki har da Lwów, tare da harin da Jamus ta Nazi ta kai wa Poland a watan Satumba na 1939, ta shaida ta'addanci da ta'addancin da Soviet da Nazi suka aikata, wanda daga baya ta bayyana a cikin Tarihin Yaƙinta .

Lanckorońska tana cikin masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a na ƙasar Poland kuma an kama ta, an yi mata tambayoyi, an azabtar da ita, an yi mata shari'a aka kuma yanke mata hukuncin kisa a gidan yarin Stanisławów . A lokacin zamanta a can, shugaban 'yan sandan Gestapo na yankin Hans Krueger (wanda aka rubuta masa Krüger), ya shaida mata cewa ya kashe malaman jami'ar Lwów guda 23, laifin yaƙi da ta sanya a matsayin manufarta ta tallata jama'a.

Wani bust na Lanckoronska a cikin wurin shakatawa na Henryk Jordan a Kraków

An 'yantar da Karolina daga gidan yarin Stanisławów ta hanyar taimakon ɗan uwanta na nesa, fitaccen mawakin Italiya kuma mawaki Roffredo Caetani, wanda bayan ya ji labarin kama ta, ya yi sulhu da matar magajin gadon sarautar Italiya. Daga nan sai Himmler da kansa ya ba da umarnin a kama ta bayan ya ji kunya da sukar gwamnatin Italiya game da cin zarafinta.

Daga nan aka tura Lanckorońska zuwa sansanin tsare mata na Ravensbrück . Ta tsira daga wani yanayi, kuma nan da nan bayan an sake ta a shekarar 1945, ta rubuta tarihin yaƙinta. Bayan yaƙin, ta bar Poland ta zauna a Fribourg, Switzerland, daga baya kuma, har zuwa mutuwarta, a Rome .

Ba ta son a buga tarihin yaƙinta a rayuwarta. Bayan shawo kanta sosai, ta amince a buga a Poland, ta hannun Znak Publishing na Kraków, a shekara ta 2001, shekara ɗaya kacal kafin mutuwarta. Littafin, wanda aka yi wa taken Those Who Trespass against Us: One Woman's War against the Nazis, ya sayar da sama da kwafi 50,000 a cikin asalin Poland kuma yanzu yana sayarwa sosai a Turanci. An buga bugun Amurka a cikin hardback a bazara ta 2007 ta hannun Da Capo Press (Perseus Publishing Group) a ƙarƙashin sabon taken Michelangelo a Ravensbrück .

A shekarar 1967, Lanckorońska ta kafa Gidauniyar Lanckoroński, wacce ke haɓakawa da tallafawa al'adun Poland, tana ba da fiye da zlotys miliyan ɗaya a kowace shekara (dala 330,000 na Amurka) don tallafin karatu, buga littattafan da aka koya, bincike kan tarihin Poland a ƙasashe kamar Lithuania, Belarus da Ukraine, da makamantansu.

Kabarin Farfesa Karolina Lanckorońska a makabartar Campo Verano da ke Rome

Countess Karolina Lanckorońska ta mutu a shekara ta 2002 a Rome, Italiya, tana da shekaru 104, kuma an binne ta a Campo Verano . Wurin kabarinta na ƙarshe yana cikin kwata na 38 (wanda kuma ake kira da 'yan ƙasashen waje - riquadro stranieri ) na ɓangaren XIX Vecchio Reparto. 

Ayyuka

Alamar makamai ta Counts Lanckoroński

• Karolina Lanckorońska, Wspomnienia wojenne (War Memoirs), Kraków, Znak Publishing, 2001,
• Karolina Lanckorońska, Mut ist angeboren (Ƙarfafa Is Inborn), Vienna, Boehlau Verlag, 2003,
• Karolina Lanckorońska, Waɗanda Suka Yi Watsi Da Mu: Yaƙin Mace Ɗaya da Nazis, Pimlico, 2006, , shafi na 366.
• Karolina Lanckorońska, Michelangelo a cikin Ravensbrück: Yaƙin Mace Ɗaya da Nazis, wanda aka fassara daga Yaren mutanen Poland ta Noel Clark, Merloyd Lawrence Books / Da Capo, 2007, 341 pp.,

Girmamawa da kyaututtuka

• Babban Cross na Order of Polonia Restituta (1991)
• Cross of Valour (1942)
• Gicciyen Tagulla mai Kyau da Takuba (1946)
• Gida Sojan Gida (1968)
• Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1997)
• Giciyen Kwamanda tare da Tauraron Order of St. Gregory the Great, wanda Paparoma John Paul na Biyu ya bayar saboda cikarta shekaru 100
• Digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jagiellonian (1983), Jami'ar Poland a Ƙasashen Waje (1988), Jami'ar Wrocław (1990)

Duba kuma

• Jerin Dogayen Dogaye
• Kisan Czarny Las Massacre