Karuwanci a Maroko
 Karuwanci a Maroko | ||||
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prostitution by region (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Bangare na | Karuwanci a Afirka | |||
| Ƙasa | Moroko | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Kodayake karuwanci a Maroko ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba tun daga shekarun 1970 [1] har yanzu yana nan. A cikin 2015 Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Maroko ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai 50,000 a Maroko, mafi rinjaye a yankin Marrakech.[2] Masu karuwanci sun kasance matan Maroko daga ƙananan zamantakewar al'umma da kuma baƙi daga Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, da yawa daga cikinsu wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane [3] UNAIDS ta kiyasta adadi a 75,000 a cikin 2016.[4]
Yara da yawa suna da rauni saboda dokokin tallafi a Maroko suna da tsauri sosai kuma suna da wahala. Karuwar suna na Maroko don jan hankalin masu lalata da yara na kasashen waje ya sa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa don magance matsalar.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Karuwanci na maza ya wanzu amma an nuna masa zargi.[11] Ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikatan jima'i na Maroko sun haɗa da OPALS, ƙungiyar da ke inganta maganin HIV / AIDS.[8]
A al'ada, an bayyana matsayin mata a cikin al'ummar Arewacin Afirka sosai, musamman tare da karuwar Islama. Duk da haka gaskiyar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa galibi suna ba da dama ga mata da yawa na Maroko, kuma ana ganin yankin a matsayin mai ba da izini ga karuwanci.
Mulkin mallaka na Faransa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A tarihi, karuwanci yana da alaƙa da bautar a Maroko. Dokar Musulunci ta haramta karuwanci a hukumance. Koyaya, tunda ka'idar ƙwaraƙwalwa a cikin Islama a cikin Dokar Musulunci ta ba da damar namiji ya yi jima'i da baiwarsa mace, karuwanci a cikin duniyar Musulunci ana yin shi ne ta hanyar mai sayar da baiwarsa a kasuwar bawa ga abokin ciniki, wanda aka ba shi izinin yin jima'i tare da ita a matsayin sabon mai shi; abokin ciniki zai soke sayansa kuma ya mayar da baiwa ga mai karuwanta a kan uzuri na rashin jin daɗi, wanda shine hanyar doka da karɓa don karuwanci cikin duniyar Musulmi.
Marubutan da yawa kamar Christelle Taraud sun danganta karuwar karuwanci a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa ga kawar da bautar a Maroko. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun bi manufofin adawa da bautar, kuma tsakanin kashi na biyu na karni na 20 da shekarun 1950, bayi a Maroko inda sannu a hankali suka sake su.[12] A wannan lokacin, yawancin bayi a Maroko inda mata bayi na gida, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a matsayin ma'aikatan gida kuma ana cin zarafinsu bisa ga ƙwaraƙwalwa a cikin Islama, da kuma yawancin mata marasa galihu, ana da'awar sun juya zuwa karuwanci don tsira bayan an sake su.[12]
A lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Faransa (1912-1956) an tsara karuwanci.[13] Hukumomi sun damu game da yaduwar STIs, musamman syphilis, tsakanin dakarun da ke zaune a cikin mulkin mallaka.[14] An kafa "Quartiers réservés" (gundumomi masu haske) a birane da yawa, inda aka ba da izinin karuwanci, musamman a Bousbir a Casablanca . [14]
A cikin waɗannan unguwanni da aka tanada, dole ne a yi rajista da karuwanci kuma su sami binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun. Dole ne su ɗauki katin rajista tare da su a kowane lokaci kuma tafiya a waje da kwata an yarda da shi ne kawai ta hanyar izini.[14][13]
A waje da waɗannan ɗakunan, an kafa maisons de tolérance (masu karuwanci) don amfani da Turawa. Masu karuwanci a cikin waɗannan gidaje suna ƙarƙashin wannan ƙa'ida.
Wasu karuwanci sun yi aiki a waje da unguwanni da aka tanada. Akwai matakai na 'yan sanda akai-akai a kan wadannan ɓoye kuma an tilasta musu yin gwajin likita. Wadanda suke da lafiya sun sami gargadi. Idan suna da kamuwa da cutar ta jima'i, ana kai su asibiti. Bayan an sake su daga asibiti, an kai su wuraren da aka tanada. Mata da suka karɓi gargadi uku an kai su cikin tilas zuwa unguwanni.[13]
Inda sojoji suka tsaya daga biranen, an kafa bordels militaires de campagne (madara mai tafi-da-gidanka) ga sojoji.
Much Loved
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Much Loved fim ne na ƙasar Faransa-Moroko daga shekara ta 2015 game da rayuwar karuwai a birnin Marrakesh.[15] Fim ɗin yana bayani kan rayuwar mata huɗu masu karuwanci, inda ake nuna yadda suke fuskantar cin zarafi daga masu karuwanci da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a hukumomin 'yan sanda.
Fim ɗin an haramta shi a ƙasar Moroko bisa dalilin "raini ga ɗabi’u da kuma mutuncin matar Moroko".[16] Jarumar farko, Loubna Abidar, ta sami barazanar kisa, kuma a watan Nuwamba shekarar 2015, an kai mata farmaki a birnin Casablanca, wanda hakan ya sa ta gudu zuwa ƙasar Faransa ba da jimawa ba.[17][18] Manyan malamai da ke ƙasar sun soki fim ɗin bisa dalilin nunawa da ya ba da damar zina da kuma tausaya wa 'yan luwadi.[19]
Chikhat
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Chikhat (Larabci شيخة shīkha) kalma ce ta Moroko da ake amfani da ita wajen nufin mawaka, mawaƙa, masu rawa, da karuwai[20]
A al'ada, mata masu nishadantarwa sukan kasance karuwai[21]. Sau da dama sukan kasance cikin rukunin masu tafiya don nuni. A zamanin yau, masu rawa na Chikhat ba su zama karuwai ba gaba ɗaya, amma masu rawa a lokacin bikin aure[22]
Fataucin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Moroko na daga cikin ƙasashe masu samar da, daula zuwa, da kuma wucewar mata da yara da ake yi wa fataucin jima'i. Dangane da bincike da gwamnatin Moroko ta gudanar a watan Nuwamba 2015 tare da goyon bayan wata ƙungiya ta ƙasa da ƙasa, yara suna fuskantar amfani da su a cikin fataucin jima'i. Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa wasu mata Morokawa ana tilasta musu zama karuwai a cikin ƙasa ta hannun ‘yan uwa ko wasu masu shiga tsakani[23]
Wasu mata 'yan ƙaura ba tare da takardun izini ba, musamman daga Afirka ta kudu da Sahara da kuma adadi mai ƙaruwa daga Kudancin Asiya, ana tilasta su zama karuwai. Kungiyoyi masu aikata laifi da ke aiki a Oujda kusa da iyakar Aljeriya da kuma garin gabar teku na Nador na tilasta wa matan da ba su da takardun izini su zama karuwai. Wasu mata 'yan ƙaura, musamman 'yan Najeriya, da ke wucewa ta Oujda, ana tilasta musu zama karuwai idan sun isa Turai. Kungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin agaji na cikin gida, da 'yan ƙaura sun bayyana cewa yara da mata da ba su da rakafi daga Côte d’Ivoire, Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo, Najeriya da Kamaru suna cikin haɗari sosai ga fataucin jima'i a Moroko. Wasu rahotanni sun ce ƙungiyoyin ƙetare daga Kamaru da Najeriya suna amfani da barazanar cutar da iyalan waɗanda aka tilasta, kuma waɗanda aka tilasta sukan kasance ’yan ƙasa ɗaya da masu fataucin[23]
Mata da yara Morokawa ana amfani da su cikin fataucin jima'i, musamman a Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Mata Morokawa da aka tilasta zama karuwai a ƙetare suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa wajen motsi, barazana, da kuma cin zarafi na jiki da tunani[23]
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta Ofishin Kula da Fataucin Mutane ta sanya Morocco cikin matakin 'Tier 2'[23]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Morocco". United States Department of State. 2008-03-11. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ↑ "French Documentary Shows Life of Two Moroccan Prostitutes". Morocco World News. 2016-06-22. Retrieved 2017-10-08.
- ↑ "2016 Trafficking in Persons Report". Refworld: UN High Commission on Refugees. 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
- ↑ "Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016". www.aidsinfoonline.org. UNAIDS. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ↑ "Prisoner pardon shows how much Morocco has changed | The National". Thenational.ae. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
- ↑ Worldcrunch.com (2012-10-05). "After Bangkok, Marrakesh Forced To Face Plague Of Sex Tourism". Worldcrunch.com. Archived from the original on 2017-05-11. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
- ↑ Tennent, James (2013-09-03). "Is Morocco the Latest Haven for European Paedophiles? | VICE". Vice.com. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Binoual, Imrane; Touahri, Sarah (27 November 2008). "New report addresses causes of sex tourism in Morocco". Magharebia. United States Africa Command. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ↑ "Morocco Clamps Down On Sex Tourism". Archived from the original on 2007-09-19.
- ↑ "streetlife". BBC World Service. 2000-07-01. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ↑ "Study of the characteristics of male prostitution in Morocco and development of appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention strategies". Gateway.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Cite error: Invalid
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|title=(help) - ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedharries - ↑ "Cannes Film Review: 'Much Loved'". Variety. 2015-05-27.
- ↑ "Morocco Bans Nabil Ayouch's Cannes Title 'Much Loved'". The Hollywood Reporter. 29 May 2015.
- ↑ Rebourg, Amandine (November 6, 2015). "Loubna Abidar, star du film "Much Loved", victime d'une violente agression au Maroc (French)". Metro International. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
- ↑ Much Loved : après son agression, Loubna Abidar se réfugie en France (French), lefigaro.fr, 8 novembre 2015
- ↑ chronicle.fanak.com. "Controversial Sex Worker Drama 'Much Loved' Opens Debate about Prostitution in Morocco". fanack.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ↑ Marie Virolle-Souibès, Gestes d’Algérie, Karthala, 2007, shafi na 78
- ↑ Qadéry, Mustapha (2010). "Bordel de bled, bordel au Bled : figures rurales de la prostitution au Maroc". L'Année du Maghreb (in Faransanci) (VI): 189–202. doi:10.4000/anneemaghreb.863.
- ↑ Gherradi, Youssef (2014-10-11). "The Situation of Chikhats in Morocco". The Moroccan Times. Retrieved 2017-10-08.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Morocco 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Ƙara karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Taraud, Christelle (2003). La prostitution coloniale : Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc, 1830-1962 [Colonial Prostitution: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, 1830-1962] (in Faransanci). Payot. ISBN 9782228897051. ASIN Samfuri:1x 2228897051.