Karuwanci na yara a Thailand
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aspect in a geographic region (en) | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
prostitution in Thailand (en) | |||
| Ƙasa | Thailand | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Thailand cibiyar yawon shakatawa ce ta jima'i da Karuwanci na yara.[1] Kodayake hukumomin cikin gida da na duniya suna aiki don kare yara daga cin zarafin jima'i, matsalar har yanzu tana ci gaba a Thailand da sauran ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya.[2] Karuwanci na yara, kamar sauran nau'ikan cin zarafin yara, ba wai kawai yana haifar da mutuwa da yawan cututtukan cututtuka a cikin miliyoyin yara ba har ma yana keta hakkinsu da mutunci.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cin zarafin yara da mata a Thailand ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni da yawa. A Lokacin Ayutthaya daga 1351 zuwa 1767, an rarraba mata tsakanin maza a matsayin Ƙwaraƙwarai ko kuma an bi da su a matsayin ganimar yaƙi da aka ba sojoji a matsayin lada. Yara da mata da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin bayi na jima'i dole ne su yi biyayya ga iyayensu ko kuma su fuskanci hukunci.[4]
Bautar jima'i ta ci gaba a Thailand na daruruwan shekaru har zuwa karni na 20 lokacin da Sarki Rama V ya nemi hanyar Yammaci a cikin manufofinsa kuma ya soke bautar.[4] Cire bautar ta bar mutane da yawa ba tare da wata hanyar rayuwa ba, ta tilasta musu su juya zuwa karuwanci.[4]
Karuwanci ya fi aiki a lokacin yaƙi. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a karkashin mamayewar Japan, sojojin Japan sun yi amfani da matan Thai a matsayin karuwai. A lokacin Vietnam_War" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vietnam War">Yaƙin Vietnam, Thailand sanannen wuri ne ga sojojin Amurka a lokacin hutun R&R. Kodayake sojoji sun fi son mata fiye da 'yan mata, masana'antar jima'i a Thailand ta bunkasa da sauri fiye da kowane lokaci.[5] Akwai sansanonin Amurka guda biyar a Thailand, kowannensu yana da sojoji 50,000. Kathryn Farr ta bayyana a fili cewa alaƙar da ke tsakanin yawan sojoji a Vietnam da yawan karuwanci a Thailand tana da mahimmanci. "A shekara ta 1957, kimanin karuwanci 20,000 suna aiki a Thailand. A shekara ta 1964, wannan adadin ya karu zuwa 400,000. A shekara de 1972, lokacin da Amurka ta janye manyan dakarunta daga Vietnam, akwai aƙalla karuwanci 500,000 da ke aiki a kasar. " Daga wannan lokacin, masana'antar jima'i ta Thai kawai ta fashe. " [6]
Tun daga shekarun 1970s, yawon shakatawa na jima'i a Thailand yana ƙaruwa. A shekara ta 1973, kimanin masu yawon bude ido na jima'i miliyan 1 sun kasance a Thailand wanda ya karu zuwa miliyan 2 a shekara ta 1981. Gwamnatin Thailand ta kashe miliyoyin baht don inganta yawon bude ido a Thailand a cikin shekarun 1980 kuma a cikin 1988 yawan masu yawon bude hankali na jima'i ya karu zuwa miliyan 4.[7] A cikin shekarun 1990s, masu yawon bude ido na jima'i sun zauna a Thailand fiye da baya, wanda ya sanya yawon bude hankali na jima'in ya zama babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga a Thailand. Fiye da masu yawon bude ido na jima'i miliyan 7.5 sun ziyarci Thailand a shekarar 1998.[8]
Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A farkon shekarun 1990s, Thailand ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe da yawa na kudu maso gabashin Asiya don shiga cikin NICs, ko "sabon ƙasashe masu masana'antu. " [9] Kasar ta sauya daga al'ummar noma da ke da tushen shinkafa zuwa ɗaya daga cikin saurin masana'antu, kuma GDP na Thailand ya ninka sau biyu a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.[9]
Wasu larduna, kamar Isan, duk da haka, sun yi gwagwarmaya don ci gaba da masana'antu na larduna makwabta. Kudin abinci, ƙasa, da kayan aiki duk sun karu yayin da tattalin arziki ya girma, amma dawowar samar da shinkafa da sauran ayyukan noma sun kasance marasa daidaituwa. Kasar a halin yanzu tana fuskantar rashin daidaito mai yawa, wanda ake kira Gini coefficient, inda kasar ke ganin saurin ci gaba a yankuna masu arziki amma babu ci gaba ko ma raguwa a wasu yankuna.
Ana tilasta wa iyalai da yawa neman wasu hanyoyin samun kudin shiga idan ƙasarsu ba ta dace da noma ba ban da matsin lamba na zamantakewa don ci gaba da masana'antu na Thailand. Kamar yadda Bales ya rubuta, "Yanzu iyaye suna jin matsin lamba don siyan kayan masarufi waɗanda ba a sani ba har ma da shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. " Masu fataucin mutane suna amfani da wannan rauni ta hanyar shawo kan waɗannan iyalai su sayar da 'ya'yansu mata don kuɗi. An yi wa 'ya'ya mata alkawarin aiki mai ɗorewa a cikin birni, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa matsalolin kuɗi na iyalai, kuma kwangila sau da yawa suna da kyau amma ƙarya. Bugu da ƙari, a wasu sassan Thailand, iyaye sun dogara da yaransu don samar da kuɗi ga iyali yayin da suke fama da talauci kuma ba za su iya samun isasshen kuɗi ba. Shahararren imani a Thailand shine cewa yara suna da alhakin samar da iyali a matsayin hanyar biyan iyaye don ba su wurin zama.[10] Hakanan, saboda rashin ayyukan da ke tallafawa kansu a kusa, ana tilasta yara a wasu lokuta su yi amfani da su a matsayin bayi na jima'i don kuɗi ko kuma su juya zuwa karuwanci, wanda ke da fa'ida sosai. Sauran mutane sun yi amfani da wannan, musamman wadanda suka fito daga kasashen yamma.[10] Baya ga abubuwan tattalin arziki, halin da ya samo asali na cinikin mata a cikin al'ummar Thai shine babban dalilin da ya sa a sayar da yara cikin cinikin jima'i.[11]
Ba wai kawai an tilasta yara cikin karuwanci ba, amma suna da ƙarancin motsawa don guduwa. Bayar da tallafi ga iyali ta kowace hanya ana ɗaukarsa aiki ne mai kyau a cikin ƙasar. Wannan koyarwar ta shiga cikin addininsu, Addinin Buddha na Theravada, don haka yana da wahala ga wasu yara su bar kasuwancin jima'i saboda sassa da yawa na ƙasar suna karɓar shi. Ko da maza a waɗannan yankuna galibi suna ambaton cewa ba sa damuwa da matarsu ta kasancewar tsohon bawa ne na jima'i saboda ya sa su wadata. Ba a rage damar yin aure ga waɗannan yara ba, wanda ke sa rashin amincewa ya zama ruwan dare.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Singh, J.P.; Hart, Shilpa (23 March 2007). "Sex Workers and Cultural Policy: Mapping the Issues and Actors in Thailand". Review of Policy Research. 24 (2): 155–173. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2007.00274.x.
- ↑ "Strengthening Thai laws to fight travellers who sexually abuse children". UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 14 March 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ↑ Willis, B. M.; Levy, B. S. (2002-04-20). "Child prostitution: Global health burden, research needs, and interventions. The Thai government have now issues the death penalty for anyone found abusing children". The Lancet. 359 (9315): 1417–1422. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08355-1. PMID 11978356. S2CID 10141488.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hulme, Kyle (23 August 2017). "The History of Prostitution in Thailand". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2019-04-04.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedauto2 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFarr-2005 - ↑ "History of Prostitution and Sex Trafficking in Thailand – End Slavery Now". endslaverynow.org. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedauto1 - ↑ 9.0 9.1 (Nerida M. ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Montgomery, Heather (2009-04-24). "Are child prostitutes child workers? A case study". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 29 (3/4): 130–140. doi:10.1108/01443330910947507. ISSN 0144-333X.
- ↑ Nishizaki, Yoshinori (November 2011). "Prostitution and Female Leadership in Rural Thailand: The Story of Phayao Province". Modern Asian Studies (in Turanci). 45 (6): 1535–1597. doi:10.1017/S0026749X11000047. ISSN 1469-8099.
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