Karuwanci na yara a Yammacin Afirka
 Karuwanci na yara a Yammacin Afirka |
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Karuwancin yara ya zama ruwan dare a duk manyan biranen Afirka ta Yamma tare da 'yan mata yawanci suna mai da hankali, kamar yadda ake watsi da yara maza a cikin kasuwancin jima'i.[1] Dalilan shiga karuwanci sun bambanta; sun haɗa da fataucin yara da dakarun da ke da alaƙa da "Jima'i na rayuwa" kamar talauci, cin zarafin jima'i, da rashin gida, duk tare da sakamako kamar yaduwar cutar HIV da STIs . [1][2][3] Kasancewar kananan yara a cikin cinikin jima'i ana ganin shi a matsayin haramtacce a cikin al'ummomi da yawa a kasashen Yammacin Afirka, duk da haka, akwai iyakantaccen adadin manufofi da aka kafa ko shirye-shiryen ci gaba a wasu ƙasashe da ke da niyyar yaki da damuwar kiwon lafiya game da yara a cikin karuwanci.[3]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jima'i na rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Talauci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da ke haifar da karuwancin yara a Yammacin Afirka galibi ba su da labari tare da talauci da ke haifar a matsayin ainihin abin da ke haifar. Yara da ke cikin matsalar kudi sun juya zuwa yin karuwanci don samar da iyalansu da kansu.[1]
A gefe guda, shigar yara cikin karuwanci a Yammacin Afirka kuma sakamakon kimantawar iyayensu game da yanayin iyalansu ne. Idan iyali yana cikin karancin kudi, ko neman kula da wani salon rayuwa, shugabannin gidaje, iyaye, na iya yanke shawarar tura yaransu su nemi aiki daga gida don inganta kudin shiga na gida. Idan yaron ya yi jinkirin barin gidansu iyaye na iya tilasta, yana tilasta wa yaron ya tafi.[2]
Rashin aiki na iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baya ga talauci, yara da ke fama da matsalar iyali suna cikin haɗari mafi girma don shiga cikin karuwanci. Matasa da ke fuskantar sakaci ko cin zarafin gida sau da yawa sukan tsere daga gida kuma su shiga kasuwancin jima'i.[1] Yara da yawa a cikin cinikin jima'i sun fuskanci wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin jima'i kafin karuwanci.[1] Shigar da yaro cikin cinikin jima'i sau da yawa sakamakon tsari ne mai tsawo sau da yawa yana farawa da cin zarafin jima'i da aka samu tsakanin shekaru tara zuwa goma sha ɗaya.[1] Ƙarin yanayi da ke ƙara yiwuwar yaro a cikin karuwanci sun haɗa da: kula da kulawa, aikin gida, rashin goyon bayan iyaye, cin zarafin yara, auren tilas, barin makaranta, da jahilci.[3]
Cinikin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karuwanci na yara shine mafi yawan nau'in Cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci (CSEC), wanda ya hada da fataucin yara don dalilai na jima'i.[1] Tare da fataucin mutane, ana tilasta yara su yi ƙaura a cikin ko a kan iyakokin ƙasa don shiga cikin jima'i na kasuwanci ba tare da son rai ba. Kodayake karuwancin yara ya haramta ta Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sayar da Yara, Karuwancin Yara da Batsa na Yara na 2000, har yanzu yana ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka.[4] Masu tsara manufofi da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa fataucin yara yana daya daga cikin laifuka masu saurin girma a duniya.[2] Ikonta na tsira daga ƙuntatawa da dokokin da ke kare yara suka kafa an danganta shi da sakamakon riba. Don isar da yara ga masu daukar ma'aikata a cikin Afirka, masu daukar malamai na iya samun ko'ina daga dala 50 zuwa 1,000 tare da nasarar isar da yaro na Afirka zuwa Amurka yana karɓar kusan dala 10,000 zuwa 20,000.[2]
Tasirin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]HIV / AIDS da STDs
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karin yaduwar cutar kanjamau, cutar kanjamaun daji, da STDs suna da alaƙa da karuwar cin zarafin yara a cikin cinikin jima'i.[3] Babban kamuwa da matasa a Yammacin Afirka ga HIV da STDs sakamakon dalilai daban-daban ne ciki har da rashin samun damar yin amfani da kwaroron roba da rashin iya tattauna yadda za a yi amfani da su, da kuma tsoron rasa abokan ciniki da kuma kudin shiga. Bugu da ƙari, kuskuren da ba a tabbatar da shi ba, duk da haka ya bazu cewa yin jima'i da yara yana karewa daga cutar kanjamau kuma yana warkar da cutar kanjamauyyar cutar kanjamawa yana ƙara sha'awar masu siye ga yara a cikin cinikin jima'i.[3] Ana ci gaba da cin zarafin 'yan mata marasa haihuwa, saboda ra'ayoyin da aka riga aka yi tunanin cewa ba su da damar samun cututtukan jima'i kuma suna da sauƙin shawo kansu su yi jima'i mara kariya.[1]
Tasirin tunani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yara da aka cire daga fataucin jima'i na iya zama masu kashe kansu kuma suna fama da asarar amincewa, musamman idan ba su da tsarin tallafi mai ɗorewa.[2]
Yara maza a cikin karuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sau da yawa ana watsi da kasancewar yara maza a cikin karuwanci kuma ba a gan su a matsayin batun da ya dace a Yammacin Afirka.[5] Ra'ayoyin adawa da luwadi sun zama al'ada a Afirka tare da wasu ƙasashe da ke aikata laifuka na luwadi.[6] A mafi yawan ƙasashen Afirka ba a yarda da yawan karuwancin yara ba ko bayyana shi azaman matsala, saboda haɗuwa da matsayi na jinsi mai zurfi wanda addini da dabi'un zamantakewa da al'adu suka kafa.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hounmenou, Charles (2016-09-01). "Exploring child prostitution in a major city in the West African region". Child Abuse & Neglect. 59: 26–35. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.003. ISSN 0145-2134. PMID 27490517. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 5 Mbakogu, Ifeyinwa (2021-02-22). "Validating Children's Stories and Decisions after Trafficking for Prostitution". Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues. 1 (2): 97–107. doi:10.47540/ijsei.v1i2.23. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 5 Hounmenou, Charles (23 November 2016). "Issues of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Violence Among Children in Prostitution in West Africa". Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child". Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ↑ Hounmenou, Charles (2017-07-01). "An initial exploration of prostitution of boys in the West African region". Child Abuse & Neglect. 69: 188–200. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.027. ISSN 0145-2134. PMID 28482251.
- 1 2 Semugoma, Paul; Nemande, Steave; Baral, Stefan D (2012-07-28). "The irony of homophobia in Africa". The Lancet. 380 (9839): 312–314. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60901-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 22819661. S2CID 12450621.