Kashe Juvénal Habyarimana da Cyprien Ntaryamira

Kashe Juvénal Habyarimana da Cyprien Ntaryamira
airliner shootdown incident (en)
Bayanai
Kwanan wata	6 ga Afirilu, 1994
Start point (en)	Julius Nyerere International Airport (en)
Wurin masauki	Filin jirgin saman Bujumbura
Vessel (en)	Dassault Falcon 50 (mul)
Ma'aikaci	Ruwanda
Wuri
1°58′32″S 30°10′26″E

A yammacin 6 ga Afrilu 1994, jirgin saman da ke dauke da shugaban kasa Rwandan Juvénal Habyarimana da shugaban kasa Burundian Cyprien Ntaryamira, duka Hutu, an harbe su da Makamai masu linzami daga ƙasa zuwa iska yayin da jet din su ke shirin sauka a Kigali, Rwanda; an kashe su duka biyu. Kisan ya haifar da Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda, daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi zubar da jini a ƙarshen karni na 20.

Ana jayayya game da alhakin harin. Yawancin ra'ayoyin suna ba da shawarar a matsayin wadanda ake zargi ko dai 'yan tawayen Tutsi na Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ko mabiya Hutu Power da ke adawa da tattaunawa da RPF.

Tarihi

  A cikin 1990, Yaƙin basasar Rwanda ya fara ne lokacin da Rwandan Patriotic Front, wanda ya mamaye kabilun Tutsi, ya mamaye arewacin Rwanda daga Uganda. Yawancin mayakan RPF ko dai 'yan gudun hijira ne ko kuma' ya'yan gudun hijirar da suka tsere wa kabilanci da gwamnatin Hutu ta yi a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Rwanda. Yunkurin hambarar da gwamnati ya gaza, kodayake RPF ta sami damar kula da yankin iyaka. Yayin da ya bayyana cewa yakin ya kai ga wani rikici, bangarorin sun fara tattaunawar zaman lafiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1992, wanda ya haifar da sanya hannu a watan Agustan shekara ta 1993 na Yarjejeniyar Arusha don ƙirƙirar gwamnatin raba iko.

Yaƙin ya sa adawa ta cikin gida ta tsattsauran ra'ayi. Nuna karfi na RPF ya kara goyon baya ga akidar "Hutu Power". Hutu Power ya nuna RPF a matsayin dakarun baƙi da ke da niyyar dawo da mulkin mallaka na Tutsi da bautar Hutu, wani abu wanda dole ne a tsayayya da shi a kowane fanni. Wannan akidar ta rungumi ta gaba ɗaya ta hanyar hadin gwiwa don kare Jamhuriyar (CDR) wanda ya ba da shawarar ka'idodin wariyar launin fata da aka sani da Dokokin Hutu Goma. Wannan ikon siyasa ya haifar da rushewar gwamnatin Habyarimana ta farko a watan Yulin 1993, lokacin da Firayim Minista Dismas Nsengiyaremye ya soki shugaban a rubuce don jinkirta yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Habyarimana, memba na jam'iyyar siyasa ta MRND, ya kori Nsengiyarmye kuma ya nada 'Madame' Agathe Uwilingiyimana, wanda aka ɗauka ba shi da tausayi ga RPF, a madadinsa. Manyan jam'iyyun adawa sun ki tallafawa nadin Madame Agathe, kowannensu ya rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu: ɗayan yana kira ga kare Ikon Hutu da ɗayan, wanda ake kira "mai matsakaici", wanda ya nemi sasantawa ga yaƙin. Kamar yadda Firayim Minista Uwilingiyimana ya kasa kafa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa, tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Arusha ba zai yiwu ba. Mafi tsananin jam'iyyun Hutu, CDR, wanda a bayyane ya yi kira ga tsarkake kabilanci na Tutsi, ba a wakilce shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar ba.

Harin makami mai linzami

Ba da daɗewa ba kafin 8:20 na yamma lokacin gida (18:20 UTC), jirgin saman shugaban kasa ya zagaya sau ɗaya a kusa da Filin jirgin saman kasa da kasa na Kigali kafin ya zo don kusanci na ƙarshe a sararin samaniya. Jirgin mako-mako na C-130 Hercules na Belgium dauke da sojojin UNAMIR da ke dawowa daga hutu an shirya su sauka a gaban jirgin shugaban kasa, amma an girgiza shi don ba da fifiko ga shugaban kasa.  

Wani Makami mai linzami daga ƙasa zuwa iska ya bugi daya daga cikin fuka-fuki na Dassault Falcon, sannan makami mai banƙyama na biyu ya bugi wutsiyarsa. Jirgin ya fashe cikin wuta a tsakiyar iska kafin ya fadi cikin lambun fadar shugaban kasa, ya fashe a kan tasiri. Jirgin ya ɗauki ma'aikatan Faransa uku da fasinjoji tara.

Mutane da yawa sun ga harin. Ɗaya daga cikin jami'an Belgium guda biyu a cikin lambun wani gida a Kanombe, gundumar da filin jirgin sama yake, ya ga kuma ya ji makami mai linzami na farko ya hau sama, ya ga ja a sama kuma ya ji injin jirgin sama ya tsaya, sannan wani makami mai makami mai banƙyama ya biyo baya. Nan da nan ya kira Major de Saint-Quentin, wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Faransa da ke haɗe da rundunar sojan Rwandan (Commandos de recherche et d'action en profondeur), wanda ya shawarce shi da ya shirya kariya ga abokan aikinsa na Belgium. Hakazalika, wani jami'in Belgium da ke zaune a cikin hasumiyar kula da filin jirgin sama da ba a yi amfani da ita ba ya ga fitilun jirgin sama mai zuwa, haske yana tafiya sama daga ƙasa kuma fitilun jirgin suna fita. Wannan ya biyo bayan haske na biyu wanda ya tashi daga wuri ɗaya kamar na farko kuma jirgin ya juya ya zama ball mai faɗuwa na wuta. Wannan jami'in nan da nan ya aika da Kwamandan kamfaninsa, wanda ya tabbatar da hasumiyar sarrafawa cewa jirgin sama shine jirgin shugaban kasa.

Wadanda aka azabtar

Dukkanin goma sha biyu da ke cikin Falcon sun mutu. Sun kasance:

• Juvénal Habyarimana, Shugaban kasar Rwanda
• Cyprien Ntaryamira, Shugaban Burundi
• Bernard Ciza, Ministan Ayyukan Jama'a na Burundi
• Cyriaque Simbizi, Ministan Sadarwa na Burundi
• Manjo Janar Déogratias Nsabimana, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Sojojin Rwanda
• Manjo Thaddée Bag Granada, wanda ke da alhakin Gidan soja na shugaban kasar Rwanda
• Colonel Elie Sagatwa, memba na sakatariyar musamman na shugaban kasar Rwanda, Shugaban Ma'aikatar Soja na shugaban kasar kasar Rwanda
• Juvénal Renzaho, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin waje ga shugaban kasar Rwanda
• Dokta Emmanuel Akingeneye, likitan kansa ga shugaban kasar Rwanda

Halin nan take

Rwanda

An samu rikici a ƙasa. Jami'an tsaron shugaban kasa, wadanda ke jiran kaiwa shugaban gida daga filin jirgin sama, sun yi barazana ga mutane da makaman su. Masu kiyaye zaman lafiya na Belgium ashirin da aka ajiye a gefen filin jirgin sama sun kewaye da masu tsaron shugaban kasa kuma wasu an cire su. An rufe filin jirgin sama kuma an karkatar da Hercules na Belgium zuwa Nairobi.

A sansanin Kanombe sai sojoji suka yi kira nan da nan bayan hadarin don nuna cewa Rwandan Patriotic Front ta kai hari sansanin. Sojojin sun gaggauta zuwa makaman rundunonin su don samar da kansu. Sojojin brigade na paracommando Commandos de recherche et d'action en profondeur sun taru a filin fareti a kusa da karfe 9:00 na yamma yayin da mambobin wasu raka'a suka taru a wasu wurare a sansanin. Akalla wani mai shaida ya bayyana cewa kimanin awa daya bayan hadarin akwai sautin bindiga a Kanombe. An kuma bayar da rahoton fashewar makamai a sansanin Kanombe. 

Kyauta

Gwamnatin Burundi tana tunawa da mutuwar Ntaryamira a ranar 6 ga Afrilu na kowace shekara. Mutuwar shugaban Burundi da ministocinsa biyu a harbin jirgin sama an rufe su a cikin tunanin jama'a ta hanyar mutuwar Habyarimana da kisan kare dangi na Rwanda da ya biyo baya.

Dubi kuma

• Jerin shugabannin jihohi da gwamnatoci da suka mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama da abubuwan da suka faru