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Kashe daji da canjin yanayi

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Kashe daji da canjin yanayi
ƙunshiya
Bayanai
Fuskar Gandun daji
Wuri
Kashe gandun daji a cikin wurare masu zafi - wanda aka ba shi a matsayin matsakaicin shekara-shekara tsakanin da 2014 - yana da alhakin tan biliyan 2.6 na CO a kowace shekara. Wannan shine kashi 6.5% na hayakin CO2 na duniya.

Kashe gandun daji shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Canjin yanayi, [1] [2] kuma canjin yanayi yana shafar lafiyar gandun daji. [3] Canjin amfani da ƙasa, musamman a cikin hanyar sare daji, shine tushen na biyu mafi girma na hayakin carbon dioxide daga ayyukan ɗan adam, bayan ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu. [4] Ana fitar da iskar gas daga sare daji yayin konewar gandun daji da kuma lalacewar sauran kayan shuka da carbon na ƙasa. Misalai na duniya da kayan aikin gas mai ɗorewa na ƙasa suna ba da irin wannan sakamako don fitar da gandun daji.[5] Ya zuwa 2019, sare daji yana da alhakin kusan 11% na hayakin gas na duniya. Kashewar carbon daga sare daji na wurare masu zafi yana hanzarta.[6][7]

Lokacin da gandun daji suka girma suna da sink carbon sabili da haka suna da damar rage tasirin canjin yanayi. Wasu daga cikin tasirin canjin yanayi, kamar su karin gobarar daji, [8] nau'o'in mamayewa, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi na matsananci na iya haifar da ƙarin asarar gandun daji. [9][10] Dangantaka tsakanin sare daji da canjin yanayi yana daya daga cikin kyakkyawan ra'ayi na yanayi.[11] Yawancin bishiyoyi da aka cire daidai yake da tasirin canjin yanayi wanda, bi da bi, yana haifar da asarar karin bishiyoyi.[12]

dazuzzuka sun rufe kashi 31% na yankin ƙasa a Duniya. Kowace shekara, murabba'in kilomita 75,700 (acre miliyan 18.7) na gandun daji ya ɓace.[13] Akwai karuwar kashi 12% a cikin asarar gandun daji na farko daga 2019 zuwa 2020.[14]

Kashe daji yana da dalilai da yawa da direbobi. Misalan sun haɗa da sare kayan gona, kiwo dabbobi, katako don katako, da gobarar daji.

Adadin asarar bishiyoyi na duniya ya kusan ninka sau biyu tun daga shekara ta 2001, zuwa asarar shekara-shekara da ke kusa da yankin da girman Italiya.
Aikin noma da ƙonewa na Amazon, Colombia

Tasirin sare daji a kan bangarorin canjin yanayi

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Wutar daji

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Kididdigar ta nuna cewa akwai alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin gobarar daji da sare daji. Kididdiga game da yankin Amazon na Brazil a farkon shekarun 2000 sun nuna cewa gobara da gurɓataccen iska da ke tare da waɗannan gobara suna nuna alamun sare daji da "babban yawan sare daji ya haifar da gobara akai-akai".[15]

Kwanan nan gandun daji na Amazon ya fuskanci gobarar da ta faru a cikin gandun daji lokacin da gobarar daji ke faruwa a gefen waje na gandun daji.[14] Yankunan ruwa sun fuskanci karuwar gobarar daji.[14] Saboda canjin zafin jiki, yanayin da ke kusa da gandun daji ya zama mai dumi da bushe, yanayin da ya ba da damar gobarar daji ta faru.[14]

A karkashin canjin yanayi mara iyaka, a ƙarshen karni, kashi 21% na Amazon zai kasance mai saukin kamuwa da mamayewar ciyawa bayan wuta. A cikin kashi 3% na Amazon, lokacin dawowar wuta ya riga ya fi guntu fiye da lokacin da ake buƙata don cire ciyawa ta hanyar dawo da canopy, yana nuna babban haɗarin sauye-sauye da ba za a iya juyawa ba zuwa yanayin gandun daji mai lalacewa. Yankin kudu maso gabashin Amazon a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗarin lalacewa marar juyawa.[16]

Dangane da wani binciken da aka yi a cikin gandun daji na Borneo, sare daji yana taimakawa wajen karuwar haɗarin wuta.[17]

Canje-canje a cikin ruwan sama

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  A sakamakon rage evapotranspiration, ana rage hazo. Wannan yana nuna samun yanayin zafi da bushewa, da kuma lokacin fari mai tsawo.[18][19] Wannan canjin yanayi yana da tasirin muhalli da na duniya ciki har da karuwa a cikin tsananin da yawan gobara, da rushewa a cikin tsarin pollination wanda zai iya yaduwa fiye da yankin da aka sare daji. [18] [19]

Dangane da binciken da aka buga a 2023, sare daji na wurare masu zafi ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin ruwan sama da aka lura.[20] Zuwa shekara ta 2100, masu bincike sun yi tsammanin cewa sare daji a Kongo zai rage matakan ruwan sama na yanki har zuwa 8-10%.[20]

Rage albedo

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Rashin gandun daji yana canza yanayin da kuma nunawa na farfajiyar duniya, watau rage Albedo. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin shawo kan hasken rana a cikin nau'in zafi, inganta dumamar duniya.[21]

Rage hayaki daga sare daji da lalacewar gandun daji a kasashe masu tasowa

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Shirin Ayyuka na Bali

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Yankin sake dasa bishiyoyi na Scioto

An haɓaka Shirin Ayyukan Bali a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 a Bali, Indonesia.[22][23] Sakamakon kai tsaye ne na Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta Disamba 1997 . [24][25] Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwa na Shirin Ayyukan Bali ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasashen membobin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto don aiwatar da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin manufofi waɗanda ke ƙarfafa rage fitar da hayaki wanda ya haifar da sare daji da lalacewar gandun daji a ƙasashe masu tasowa.[26] Ya jaddada muhimmancin kula da gandun daji mai ɗorewa da ayyukan kiyayewa wajen rage canjin yanayi. Wannan ya haɗa da karuwar kulawa ga hannun jari na carbon a matsayin hanyar samar da ƙarin albarkatun ga ƙasashe masu tasowa.[25]

Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) ne ya kaddamar da Kamfen ɗin Billion Tree a cikin shekara ta 2006 a matsayin martani ga ƙalubalen canjin yanayi, da kuma ƙalubalen dorewa, daga samar da ruwa zuwa asarar halittu.[1] Manufarta ta farko ita ce dasa bishiyoyi biliyan daya a cikin 2007. Shekara guda bayan haka a cikin 2008, an ɗaga manufar kamfen ɗin zuwa itatuwa biliyan 7 - burin da za a cika ta taron canjin yanayi da aka gudanar a Copenhagen, Denmark a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009. Watanni uku kafin taron, an wuce alamar bishiyoyi biliyan 7 da aka dasa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, bayan an dasa bishiyoyi sama da biliyan 12, UNEP ta ba da gudummawar shirin ga shirin da ba na riba ba Plant-for-the-Planet, wanda ke zaune a Munich, Jamus.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Sutter, John D. (13 August 2015). "10 climate change villains". CNN. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  2. ↑ Heidari, Hadi; Warziniack, Travis; Brown, Thomas C.; Arabi, Mazdak (February 2021). "Impacts of Climate Change on Hydroclimatic Conditions of U.S. National Forests and Grasslands". Forests (in Turanci). 12 (2): 139. doi:10.3390/f12020139.
  3. ↑ US EPA, OAR (2022-10-19). "Climate Change Impacts on Forests". www.epa.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  4. ↑ "Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions | [[:Samfuri:CO2]] Human Emissions". www.che-project.eu. Retrieved 2020-03-20. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  6. ↑ Feng, Yu; Zeng, Zhenzhong; Searchinger, Timothy D.; Ziegler, Alan D.; Wu, Jie; Wang, Dashan; He, Xinyue; Elsen, Paul R.; Ciais, Philippe; Xu, Rongrong; Guo, Zhilin (2022-02-28). "Doubling of annual forest carbon loss over the tropics during the early twenty-first century". Nature Sustainability (in Turanci). 5 (5): 444–451. Bibcode:2022NatSu...5..444F. doi:10.1038/s41893-022-00854-3. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 247160560 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  7. ↑ Greenfield, Patrick (2022-02-28). "Deforestation emissions far higher than previously thought, study finds". The Guardian (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  8. ↑ Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Warziniack, Travis (August 2021). "Effects of Climate Change on Natural-Caused Fire Activity in Western U.S. National Forests". Atmosphere (in Turanci). 12 (8): 981. Bibcode:2021Atmos..12..981H. doi:10.3390/atmos12080981.
  9. ↑ Seymour, Frances; Gibbs, David (2019-08-08). "Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2020-03-20. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | US EPA". www.epa.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  11. ↑ Bajželj, Bojana; Richards, Keith S. (2014). "The Positive Feedback Loop between the Impacts of Climate Change and Agricultural Expansion and Relocation". Land (in Turanci). 3 (3): 898–916. Bibcode:2014Land....3..898B. doi:10.3390/land3030898. ISSN 2073-445X.
  12. ↑ Allen, Craig D.; Macalady, Alison K.; Chenchouni, Haroun; Bachelet, Dominique; McDowell, Nate; Vennetier, Michel; Kitzberger, Thomas; Rigling, Andreas; Breshears, David D.; Hogg, E.H. (Ted); Gonzalez, Patrick; Fensham, Rod; Zhang, Zhen; Castro, Jorge; Demidova, Natalia (February 2010). "A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests". Forest Ecology and Management (in Turanci). 259 (4): 660–684. Bibcode:2010ForEM.259..660A. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001. S2CID 4144174.
  13. ↑ "Deforestation and Forest Degradation". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Seymour, Frances (2021-03-31). "2021 Must Be a Turning Point for Forests. 2020 Data Shows Us Why" (in Turanci). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ↑ Thompson, Elizabeth (2021-08-27). "Amazon Deforestation and Fires are a Hazard to Public Health". Eos (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  16. ↑ Bruno, De Faria; Arie, Staal; Carlos, Silva; Philip, Martin; Prajjwal, Panday; Vinicius, Dantas; Thiago, Silva (December 2021). "Climate change and deforestation increase the vulnerability of Amazonian forests to post-fire grass invasion". Global Ecology & Biogeography. 30 (12): 2368–2381. Bibcode:2021GloEB..30.2368D. doi:10.1111/geb.13388. ISSN 1466-822X. S2CID 240535503 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  17. ↑ Davies-Barnard, Taraka (Jan 24, 2023). "Future fire risk under climate change and deforestation scenarios in tropical Borneo". Environmental Research Letters. 18 (2): 024015. Bibcode:2023ERL....18b4015D. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acb225. S2CID 255904967 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Rebecca, Lindsey (2007-03-30). "Tropical Deforestation: Feature Articles". earthobservatory.nasa.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Shukla, J.; Nobre, C.; Sellers, P. (1990-03-16). "Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change". Science (in Turanci). 247 (4948): 1322–1325. Bibcode:1990Sci...247.1322S. doi:10.1126/science.247.4948.1322. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17843795. S2CID 8361418. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Smith, C.; Baker, J. C. A.; Spracklen, D. V. (March 2023). "Tropical deforestation causes large reductions in observed precipitation". Nature (in Turanci). 615 (7951): 270–275. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..270S. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05690-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 9995269 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36859548 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 257281871 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  21. ↑ Malhi, Y., et al. "Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of the Amazon." Science, vol. 319, no. 5860, 11 January 2008, pp. 169–172., doi:10.1126/science.1146961.
  22. ↑ "Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol, Bali "Action Plan," and International Actions". www.everycrsreport.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  23. ↑ "Bali Road Map Intro". unfccc.int. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
  24. ↑ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change".
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Singh, P (August 2008). "Exploring biodiversity and climate change benefits of community-based forest management". Global Environmental Change (in Turanci). 18 (3): 468–478. Bibcode:2008GEC....18..468S. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.04.006.
  26. ↑ "International Deforestation and Climate Change". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
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