Kasuwanci na muhalli

Kasuwancin na kore yana nufin tallace-tallacen samfuran da aka yi la'akari da lafiyar muhalli.  Ya ƙunshi ayyuka da yawa, gami da gyare-gyaren samfur, canje-canje ga tsarin samarwa, marufi mai dorewa, da gyare-gyare ga talla.  Koyaya, ayyana kasuwancin kore ba aiki mai sauƙi bane.  Sauran sharuddan da ake amfani da su akai-akai su ne tallace-tallacen muhalli da tallace-tallacen muhalli..

Green, muhalli da tallan muhalli suna daga cikin hanyoyin tallace-tallace na baya-bayan nan waɗanda ba kawai sake mayar da hankali ba, daidaitawa ko inganta tunanin tallace-kashen da ke akwai, har ma suna neman kalubalanci waɗannan hanyoyin da kuma samar da hangen nesa daban-daban. Fiye da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin suna neman magance rashin dacewa tsakanin tallace-tallace kamar yadda ake yi a halin yanzu da kuma gaskiyar muhalli da zamantakewa na yanayin tallace-tafiye.

Sakamakon shari'a na da'awar tallace-tallace yana kira ga taka tsantsan ko da'awar da aka wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da ƙalubalen tsari ko na farar hula. A Amurka, Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya tana ba da wasu jagora game da ikirarin tallan muhalli. Ana sa ran hukumar za ta yi bita na gaba ɗaya game da wannan jagorar, da kuma ka'idodin shari'a da ta ƙunshi, a cikin 2011.

Tarihi

Kalmar Green Marketing ta zama sananne a ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s. Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Amurka (AMA) ta gudanar da bita na farko a kan "Tallace-tallace na Muhalli" a cikin 1975. Ayyukan wannan bita ya haifar da ɗayan littattafai na farko game da tallan kore mai taken "Tallace-tallace na Muhalli".

Rahotanni na Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sun fara ne tare da mai sayar da ice cream Ben & Jerry's inda aka kara rahoton kudi da ra'ayi mafi girma game da tasirin muhalli na kamfanin. A cikin 1987 wani takarda da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Ci Gaban Duniya ta shirya ya bayyana Ci gaba mai ɗorewa a matsayin saduwa da "bukan yanzu ba tare da lalata ikon tsararraki masu zuwa don biyan bukatunsu ba", wannan ya zama sananne da Rahoton Brundtland kuma wani mataki ne na fadada tunani game da dorewa a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. Abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci don sautin farko na tallan kore sun zo ne a cikin littattafan da aka buga: Green Marketing by Ken Peattie (1992) a cikin Ƙasar Ingila da Green Marketing: Challenges & Opportunities for the New Marketing Age by Jacquelyn Ottman (1993) a Amurka.

A cewar Jacquelyn Ottman, (marubucin "Sabuwar Dokokin Kasuwancin Green: Dabaru, Kayan aiki, da Wahayi don Dorewa Branding" (Greenleaf Publishing [1] da Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Fabrairu 2011)) daga ra'ayi na ƙungiya, la'akari da muhalli ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin duk abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaba da tallace-tallace tsakanin tallace-tallace. Cikakken yanayin kore yana nuna cewa baya ga masu ba da kaya da dillalai za a shigar da sabbin masu ruwa da tsaki, gami da malamai, membobin al'umma, masu mulki, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Ya kamata a daidaita batutuwan muhalli tare da buƙatun abokin ciniki na farko.

Ƙungiyoyin '' Green Consumerism '' a cikin Amurka da sauran ƙasashe sun yi kokawa don isa ga babban taro da tasiri.[1]  Duk da haka, kuri'un jin ra'ayin jama'a da aka gudanar tun daga ƙarshen 1980s sun nuna a kai a kai cewa yawancin masu amfani a Amurka da sauran wurare suna da'awar yarda da samfurori da kamfanoni masu kula da muhalli.  Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen kasuwancin kore shine rashin ƙa'idodi ko ra'ayin jama'a game da abin da ya ƙunshi "kore," a cewar Joel Makower, marubuci a kan kasuwancin kore. This lack of consensus—by consumers, marketers, activists, regulators, and influential people—has slowed the growth of green products, says Makower, because companies are often reluctant to promote their green attributes, and consumers are often skeptical about claims.

Duk da wadannan kalubalen, tallan kore ya ci gaba da samun masu bi, musamman a cikin hasken karuwar damuwa ta duniya game da canjin yanayi. Wannan damuwa ya haifar da karin kamfanoni don tallata jajircewarsu na rage tasirin su na yanayi, kuma tasirin da wannan ke da shi a kan samfuran su da aiyukansu.

Kasuwar rage iskar gas

Kasuwar rage iskar gas mai guba mai tasowa na iya haifar da ayyukan da ke da muhimman fa'idodin muhalli, tattalin arziki, da ingancin rayuwa. Tsarin Tsabtace Ci Gaban Kyoto (CDM), alal misali, yana ba da damar kasuwanci tsakanin masana'antu da kasashe masu tasowa, yana ba le tsarin da zai iya haifar da gudana ga ayyukan ci gaban muhalli. Kodayake Amurka ba ta shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, shirye-shiryen Amurka da yawa suna ba da damar irin wannan ma'amaloli a kan son rai da tsari.

Duk da yake cinikayya ta kasa da kasa a cikin iskar gas raguwa tana da alkawari mai yawa a matsayin tushen sabon kudade don Ci gaba mai ɗorewa, wannan kasuwar na iya zama mafi yawa ba za a iya isa ga ƙananan ayyukan ba, al'ummomin da ke nesa, da wuraren da ba su da ci gaba. Don sauƙaƙe shiga da faɗaɗa fa'idodi, dole ne a shawo kan shingen da yawa, gami da rashin wayar da kan jama'a game da kasuwa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki da masu sa ran shiga; ka'idojin shiga na musamman, da ɗan rikitarwa; da kuma buƙatar hanyoyin shiga cikin sauƙi don ƙananan ayyukan, ba tare da kuɗin ma'amala zai iya mamaye fa'idodin kuɗi na shiga ba. Idan an magance shingen yadda ya kamata, kasuwancin iskar gas na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallafawa ayyukan da ke amfana da rayuwar mutane da muhalli.

Shahararren da tasiri

Tattaunawar da ke gudana

.Shahararriyar irin wannan tsarin kasuwanci da tasirinsa ana muhawara sosai. Magoya bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa roko na muhalli yana haɓaka da yawa - alamar Energy Star, alal misali, yanzu yana bayyana akan nau'ikan kamfanoni daban-daban na 11,000 a cikin nau'ikan samfura 38, daga injin wanki da kwararan fitila har zuwa skyscrapers da gidaje. Koyaya, duk da haɓakar yawan samfuran kore, kasuwancin kore yana kan raguwa a matsayin farar tallace-tallace na farko na samfuran. Shel Horowitz, ɗan kasuwan kore fiye da shekaru 30 kuma marubucin farko na Guerrilla marketing Goes Green[2] ya bayyana cewa don yin kasuwa yadda ya kamata, kasuwancin kore suna buƙatar tallata ga masu sauraro daban-daban guda uku, “kore mai zurfi,” “lazy green,” da kuma “marasa kore”, kuma kowanne dole ne a tuntuɓe shi daban. Kowannensu zai sami maki daban-daban waɗanda za su motsa su don siye, kuma ga masu sauraron da ba sa son rai, tallan tallace-tallace yadda ya kamata yawanci yana buƙatar jaddada fifikon samfur maimakon kula da duniya. ] A gefe guda, Roper's Green Gauge ya nuna cewa yawancin masu amfani (42%) [4] suna jin cewa samfuran muhalli ba sa aiki kamar na al'ada. Wannan babban gado ne mai ban sha'awa daga shekarun 1970 lokacin da ruwan shawa ya watsar da kayan wanke-wanke na halitta sun bar tufafin da suka yi kyau. Idan aka ba da zaɓi, duk sai dai mafi koren abokan ciniki za su kai ga kayan wanka na roba akan farashi mai tsada, karin magana "Planet Farin Ciki" kowace rana, gami da Ranar Duniya. Sabbin rahotanni, duk da haka suna nuna haɓakar haɓakar samfuran kore

Bukatar samfuran kore ya kasance ci gaba ga kamfanonin da ke samar da su. Sabbin kasuwanni suna fitowa don samfuran gine-gine, marufi, kayan takarda, har ma da sutura da sneakers, da kuma, kayan aiki masu inganci haske, dumama, da tsarin sanyaya a gidaje da ofisoshi. Wasu zaɓuɓɓukan kore sun fi tsada fiye da samfuran gargajiya da shirye-shirye. Wannan zai iya koyon amfani wanda ya zama ruwan dare har ma ya samar da kalmar Greenwashing. Abokan ciniki suna buƙatar yin tambaya ko kamfani yana kashe kuɗi da yawa da kuma lokacin tallace-tallace kasancewa kore kuma yana aiki tare da la'akari da muhalli fiye da ainihin kashe waɗannan albarkatun akan ayyukan muhalli.

Rashin jituwa

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen masu sayar da kore - tsofaffi da sabo - suna iya fuskantar su yayin da samfuran kore da saƙonnin suka zama gama gari shine rikice-rikice a kasuwa. "Masu amfani da gaske ba su fahimci abubuwa da yawa game da waɗannan batutuwan ba, kuma akwai rikice-rikice da yawa a can, "in ji Jacquelyn Ottman (wanda ya kafa J. Ottman Consulting kuma marubucin "Green Marketing: Opportunity for Innovation". Masu siyarwa wani lokacin suna amfani da wannan rikice-rikicen, kuma da gangan suna yin ƙarya ko kuma suna da'awar "kore". Masu sukar suna magana game da wannan aikin a matsayin "wankewa mai kore". –  –

Greenwashing

Kamfanoni suna ƙara fahimtar fa'idodin tallan kore, kodayake sau da yawa akwai layin da ke tsakanin yin hakan don amfanin kansu da kuma dalilai na alhakin zamantakewa. Kalmar "greenwashing" tana nufin duk masana'antun da ke amfani da ayyukan kore na waje tare da manufar kara riba. Babban manufar greenwashing shine samar da masu amfani da jin cewa kungiyar tana daukar matakan da suka dace don gudanar da sawun muhalli. A zahiri, kamfanin na iya yin kadan wanda ke da fa'ida ga muhalli Mai kula da muhalli Jay Westerveld ne ya fara amfani da kalmar greenwashing lokacin da yake adawa da aikin mai otal na sanya sanarwa a cikin ɗakunan otal wanda ya nemi baƙi su sake amfani da tawul don "ceton muhalli". Westerveld ya lura cewa akwai wani abu da zai ba da shawarar cewa masu otal din suna da sha'awar rage tasirin muhalli, kuma sha'awar su na wanke ƙananan tawul kamar damuwa ce ta motsa shi don adana farashi maimakon muhalli. Tun daga wannan lokacin greenwashing ya zama babban fasalin muhawara game da sadarwa na tallace-tallace da dorewa, tare da "awards" don greenwashing da aka kafa da kuma kamfen da yawa, doka da shawarwari da aka haɓaka a ƙoƙarin rage ko hana shi.

Kamfanoni masu fa'ida

  A watan Janairun 2012, Patagonia ya zama alama ta farko da ta yi rajista don amfanin matsayin kamfanoni.

Kamfanin amfanin yana da madadin takwaransa na yau da kullun yayin da yake aiki a ƙarƙashin ka'idar doka ta 1) samar da tasiri mai kyau a cikin al'umma da muhalli a cikin kayan aikinsa, 2) yana riƙe da alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni dangane da la'akari da ma'aikatansa, al'ummarsa, da muhallarsa tare da kalubalantar iyakokinta na yanzu a waɗancan yankuna, kuma 3) ba da rahoton ayyukanta a matsayin kamfani da nasarorin da suka samu a cikin zamantakewa da muhallayyar jama'a ta amfani da tushen ɓangare na uku ba tare da ba.

Kididdiga

According to market researcher Mintel, about 12% of the U.S. population can be identified as True Greens, consumers who seek out and regularly buy so-called green products. Another 68% can be classified as Light Greens, consumers who buy green sometimes. "What chief marketing officers are always looking for is touch points with consumers, and this is just a big, big, big touch point that's not being served," says Mintel Research Director David Lockwood. "All the corporate executives that we talk to are extremely convinced that being able to make some sort of strong case about the environment is going to work down to their bottom line."

Samun yarda

A shekara ta 1989, kashi 67 cikin 100 na Amurkawa sun bayyana cewa suna shirye su biya kashi 5-10 cikin 100 don samfuran da suka dace da muhalli. A shekara ta 1991, mutane masu kula da muhalli suna shirye su biya tsakanin kashi 15 zuwa 20 cikin dari don samfuran kore. A yau, fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Amurkawa sun ce za su biya ɗan ƙarin kuɗi don samfuran kore

Wani muhimmin kalubale da masu siyarwa ke fuskanta shi ne gano waɗanne masu amfani suke shirye su biya ƙarin don samfuran da ke da kyau ga muhalli. A bayyane yake cewa ingantaccen ilimin bayanin martaba na wannan ɓangaren masu amfani zai zama da amfani sosai.

Everett Rogers, masanin sadarwa kuma marubucin "Diffusion of Innovations", ya yi iƙirarin cewa dalilai biyar masu zuwa na iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko za a karɓi sabon ra'ayi ko a'a, gami da manufa na canjin zuwa "kore":

1. Amfanin dangi: shine matakin da aka yi imanin cewa sabon hali zai sami sakamako mai fa'ida fiye da aikin yanzu.
2. Bincike: yadda yake da sauƙi a shaida sakamakon sabon hali.
3. Trialability: shine sauƙin da mutum zai iya gwada sabon hali ba tare da yin cikakken sadaukarwa ba.
4. Haɗuwa: shine matakin da sabon hali ya dace da aikin yanzu.
5. Rikitarwa: shine yadda yake da wahala sabon hali a aiwatar.

Hanyar da ake yi

LOHAS yana tsaye ne don Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability, kuma yana bayyana hadin gwiwa, kasuwar da ke girma cikin sauri don kayayyaki da aiyuka waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu amfani waɗanda ma'anar muhalli da alhakin zamantakewa ke rinjayar yanke shawara na siye. Cibiyar Kasuwancin Halitta (gajere: NMI) ta kiyasta kasuwar masu amfani da LOHAS ta Amurka na samfuran da ayyuka don zama dala biliyan 209 - ana siyar da su a duk sassan masu amfani.

Sassan LOHAS guda biyar kamar yadda NMI ta bayyana sun hada da:

• LOHAS: Masu kula da muhalli masu aiki waɗanda aka sadaukar da su ga lafiyar mutum da na duniya. Waɗannan su ne masu sayen kayan lambu da kayan al'umma da masu karɓar farko waɗanda ke rinjayar wasu sosai.
• Naturalites: An motsa shi da farko ta hanyar la'akari da lafiyar mutum. Suna yawan siyan ƙarin samfuran LOHAS masu cinyewa vs. abubuwa masu ɗorewa.
• Drifters: Duk da yake niyyarsu na iya zama mai kyau, DRIFTERS suna bin yanayin lokacin da yake da sauƙi kuma yana da araha. A halin yanzu suna da hannu sosai a cikin halayyar sayen kore.
• Al'ada: Masu amfani da al'ada waɗanda ke rungumar halayyar LOHAS lokacin da suka yi imanin cewa za su iya yin canji, amma da farko suna mai da hankali kan kasancewa da hankali sosai tare da albarkatun su da yin abu 'daidai' saboda zai adana su kudi.
• Ba su damu ba: Ko dai ba su sani ba ko kuma ba su damu da muhalli da batutuwan al'umma ba galibi saboda ba su da lokaci ko hanyoyin - waɗannan masu amfani suna mai da hankali sosai kan samun nasara.

Rarraba nau'ikan LOHAS daban-daban.

Haɗin tallan kore

Kayan tallace-tallace na samfurin ya ƙunshi "P's" guda huɗu:

• Samfura: Ya kamata mai samarwa ya ba da samfuran muhalli waɗanda ba kawai dole ne su gurɓata muhalli ba amma yakamata su kare shi har ma da lalata lalacewar muhalli da ke akwai. Farashin: Farashin irin waɗannan samfuran na iya zama ɗan girma fiye da na al'ada.  Amma ƙungiyoyi masu manufa kamar misali LOHAS suna shirye su biya ƙarin don samfuran kore. Wuri: Rarraba dabaru na da mahimmancin mahimmanci;  Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali shi ne kan marufi na muhalli.  Tallace-tallacen samfuran gida da na yanayi misali.  kayan lambu daga gonakin yanki sun fi sauƙi don tallata "kore" fiye da kayayyakin da ake shigo da su. Haɓakawa: Sadarwa tare da kasuwa yakamata ya sanya damuwa akan abubuwan muhalli, misali cewa kamfani yana da takaddun shaida na CP ko kuma an tabbatar da ISO 14000.  Ana iya yada wannan don inganta hoton kamfani.  Bugu da ƙari, gaskiyar cewa kamfani yana kashe kashe kuɗi don kare muhalli ya kamata a tallata shi.  Na uku, tallafawa yanayin yanayi yana da matukar muhimmanci.  Kuma ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, samfuran muhalli zasu buƙaci tallan tallace-tallace na musamman

Ƙarin tallan zamantakewa "P's" waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin wannan tsari sune:

• Jama'a: Kasuwancin Kasuwanci mai tasiri ya san masu sauraron sa, kuma yana iya yin kira ga ƙungiyoyin mutane da yawa. "Jami'a" sune kungiyoyin waje da na ciki da ke cikin shirin. Jama'a na waje sun haɗa da masu sauraro, masu sauraro na biyu, masu tsara manufofi, da masu tsaron ƙofa, yayin da jama'a na ciki su ne waɗanda ke da hannu ta wata hanya tare da amincewa ko aiwatar da shirin.
• Haɗin gwiwa: Yawancin batutuwan canjin zamantakewa, gami da shirye-shiryen "kore", suna da rikitarwa ga mutum ɗaya ko rukuni don magance su. Haɗin kai tare da wasu kungiyoyi da shirye-shirye don haɗuwa yana ƙarfafa damar inganci.
• Manufofin: Shirye-shiryen tallace-tallace na zamantakewa na iya yin kyau wajen motsa canjin halayyar mutum, amma hakan yana da wahala a ci gaba sai dai idan yanayin da suke ciki ya goyi bayan wannan canjin na dogon lokaci. Sau da yawa, ana buƙatar canjin manufofi, kuma shirye-shiryen bayar da shawarwari na kafofin watsa labarai na iya zama ingantaccen kari ga shirin tallan zamantakewa.
• Purse Strings: Yaya za a kashe wannan dabarun? Wanene ke tallafawa kokarin?

Matsayin shuke-shuke - dabarun, kusan dabarun, ko dabarun - yana nuna abin da kamfani ya kamata ya yi. Ana iya amfani da kayan lambu a wani yanki ko a'a yadda ya kamata a wasu. Kamfanin zai iya yin canje-canje masu yawa a cikin hanyoyin samarwa amma ya zaɓi kada ya yi amfani da su ta hanyar sanya kansa a matsayin jagora na muhalli. Don haka kodayake dabarun kore ba lallai bane a haɗa shi da dabarun a cikin duk ayyukan tallace-tallace, duk da haka yana da dabarun dabarun a yankin samfurin.

Ayyukan tallace-tallace na kore

Alamun muhalli

Imani na mutum cewa da'awar muhalli ba ta da gaskiya na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga halin da ake ciki game da alama. Idan, a gefe guda, mabukaci ya ba da gaskiya ga da'awar, mutum zai nuna halin girmamawa ga mahalli. Matsalar fadada wannan amintacce ga alama ita ce masu amfani da ke sha'awar samfuran muhalli gabaɗaya suna shakku game da tallace-tallace na kasuwanci. Wannan shakku ya faru ne saboda dalilai daban-daban kamar rashin harshe, rashin ilimin kimiyya da ake buƙata don fassara ma'anar talla, kuma, musamman, ƙarya da wuce gona da iri na wasu dabarun talla. Don warware wannan matsala, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na iya zaɓar tabbatar da saƙonni game da fa'idodin muhalli na alamomi tare da tsarin lakabin muhalli wanda ƙungiyoyi masu masu zaman kansu ke tallafawa. Wannan aikin yana ƙoƙari ya rage nuna bambanci a cikin bayanan muhalli ta hanyar inganta daidaitattun bayanai tare da manufar inganta amincewa da kimantawa da fa'idodin muhalli na samfuran - dukansu ya kamata su shafi niyyar siye.

Bayani game da nau'ikan alamun muhalli daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su don nuna amintacce ga mabukaci.

Binciken sake zagayowar rayuwa

A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, an ƙirƙiri sabbin kayan aiki kamar kimantawar sake zagayowar rayuwa (LCA) wanda ya ba da damar gabatar da la'akari da muhalli a cikin yanke shawara na talla.

Tsarin kimantawa na sake zagayowar rayuwa yana neman gano manyan nau'ikan tasirin muhalli a duk tsawon rayuwar samfurin. An haɓaka LCA bisa ga ISO 14040. Babban burin LCA shine bayyana makamashi da yanayin muhalli na samfuran da aka gama. Dalilan yin amfani da LCA sun fito ne daga buƙatar samun daidaitattun tsarin lissafi da kuma nuna yiwuwar ingantawa da za a iya amfani da su don haɓaka muhalli, makamashi da ingancin tattalin arziki da tasirin hanyoyin gaba ɗaya. Bugu da kari, manufar ita ce ta tantance fa'idodin muhalli da aka samo daga amfani da albarkatun kasa da aka sake amfani da su.

Misali ga LCA

Ana amfani naLCA misali a fannin ginin.  Gine-gine a yau suna da kashi 40% na makamashin da ake amfani da su a duniya.  Sakamakon fitar da iskar Carbon ya fi na bangaren sufuri.  Ana gina sabbin gine-gine masu amfani da makamashi fiye da yadda ake bukata a kowace rana, kuma miliyoyin gine-ginen da ba su da inganci a yau za su ci gaba da tsayawa har zuwa akalla shekara ta 2050. Don haka ya zama dole a fara rage amfani da makamashi a sabbin gine-gine da na yanzu domin rage sawun carbon da ke da alaka da makamashi a duniya.  Haɓaka sha'awa, sarari, da hankali a cikin sassan gine-gine ana kai su ga al'amuran muhalli bisa ga ka'idodin ginin kore.  Ma'adinai, kayan lambu, ko kayan dabba irin su perlite, vermiculite, dutsen ulu, gilashin ulu, abin toshe kwalaba, filaye na shuka (auduga, flax, hemp, kwakwa), fiber na itace, cellulose, da ulun tumaki za a iya amfani da su don samar da bangarori masu rufi..

Phillips ta "Marathon" CFL lightbulb

Philips Lighting ta farko harbi a tallata wani m haske haske (CFL) fitilu ne Earth Light, a $ 15 kowannensu da 75 cents for incandescent fitila. Samfurin yana da wahalar hawa daga zurfin kore. Kamfanin ya sake kaddamar da samfurin a matsayin "Marathon," yana jaddada sabon matsayi na "super long life" da kuma alkawarin adana $ 26 a cikin farashin makamashi a tsawon rayuwarsa ta shekaru biyar. A ƙarshe, tare da lakabin Energy Star na EPA na Amurka don ƙara amintacce da kuma sabon hankali ga hauhawar farashin amfani da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, tallace-tallace sun hau kashi 12 cikin dari a cikin kasuwar da ba ta dace ba.

Sashin lantarki

Sashin kayan lantarki na mabukaci yana ba da damar yin amfani da tallan kore don jawo hankalin sabbin abokan ciniki. Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine alkawarin HP na rage amfani da makamashi na duniya kashi 20 cikin dari ta shekara ta 2010. Don cimma wannan raguwa a ƙasa da matakan 2005, Kamfanin Hewlett-Packard ya ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen isar da samfuran da ke da ingancin makamashi da kuma kafa ayyukan aiki masu ingancin makamai a cikin kayan aikinsa a duk duniya.

Kayayyakin Kasuwancin Green

Kasuwar Green kayayyakin a baya mallakarsu ne waɗanda dillalai, masu siyarwa, ko masana'anta suka gyara, gyara, ko sake yin fa'ida, wanda ya sa su dace da sake siyarwa azaman madadin farashi mai tsada ga sabbin kayayyaki. Kalmar "kasuwar koren" tana ba da haske game da yanayin da ya dace da muhalli na mayar da samfuran da aka yi amfani da su ko kuma waɗanda aka daina amfani da su. Ko da yake sake sayar da waɗannan kayayyaki na iya yin gogayya da masana'antun, yana kuma amfanar da su ta hanyar kyale masu amfani da asali su yi ciniki da tsofaffin samfuran don ƙima ga sabbin sayayya. Sassan kayan kasuwancin kore kuma na iya zama mahimmanci don kiyaye samfuran da ke buƙatar abubuwan da aka dakatar. Sau da yawa rikicewa tare da "kasuwar launin toka," wanda ya ƙunshi sake siyar da kayayyaki ta doka ta hanyoyin rarraba ba daidai ba, kasuwar kore ta fice don fa'idodin muhallinta. Sake yin amfani da abubuwa masu daraja kamar gilashi, karafa, da polymers daga na'urorin lantarki da aka yi amfani da su suna hana illar muhalli mai cutarwa daga zubar da bai dace ba, yana mai da shi mafita mai inganci da tsada..