Kasuwanci na waje
 Kasuwanci na waje | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | effect (en)  da public policy failure (en) |
| Fuskar | control system (en) da economic system (en) |
Externships dama ce ta koyo ta gogewa, kamar horon aiki, wanda haɗin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi da ma'aikata ke bayarwa don ba wa ɗalibai ƙwarewa a fannin karatunsu. A fannin likitanci, yana iya nufin likita mai ziyara wanda ba ya cikin ma'aikatan yau da kullun. A fannin shari'a, yawanci yana nufin damar aiki mai tsauri da ɗaliban shari'a ke yi don samun maki a makarantar lauya, kamar na ƙaramin lauya. [1] An samo shi ne daga Latin externus kuma daga Turanci -ship .
Kalmar externship tana da ranar farko da aka sani da amfani da ita a shekarar 1905 a cikin ƙamus na Merriam-Webster.
Fa'idodi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sau da yawa ana kallon 'yan ƙasashen waje a matsayin aikin ɓoye aiki tunda ma'aikata masu sa kai suna kula da su sosai waɗanda suka yarda su bi su ta hanyar ayyukan yau da kullun a kamfani ko ƙungiya. [2] Ana iya kallon su a matsayin nazarin waje wanda ke haɗa ilimin aji da gogewa ta gaske. [3] Wannan ilimin yana shirya ɗalibai don sauyawa daga makaranta zuwa aiki .
Kwarewa da aka samu ta hanyar aikin waje tana ba wa ɗalibai damar amfani da koyon aikinsu a yanayin rayuwa ta ainihi, da kuma lura da yin tambayoyi a cikin wannan mahallin. [4] Aikin waje na iya haifar da damammaki bayan ɗalibai sun kammala karatunsu. Suna iya taimaka wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun kafin su sami damar shiga cikin ƙofa don yiwuwar samun guraben aiki ko ma sanya su zama 'yan takara mafi kyau don damar yin aikin waje mai tsauri, da kuma ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun damar sanin sabbin sana'o'i da fannoni na aiki. Aikin waje kuma tushen hulɗar sadarwa ne da zarar an zaɓi sana'a .
Ba wai kawai ana gudanar da aikin waje don amfanin wanda ba a yi wa aiki ba, har ma da mai masaukin baki. Dukansu suna samun damar lura da junansu. Nasarar aikin waje na iya haifar da damar daukar ma'aikata wanda zai dogara ne akan shawarar da aka yanke mai zurfi. [5]
Harkokin shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya ɗaukar horon shari'a, kamar horon aiki, a matsayin darasin makarantar lauya. Horarwa da horon aiki da makarantun lauya ke bayarwa waɗanda Majalisar ABA ta amince da su kan Ilimin Shari'a da Shiga Lauyoyi ana kiransu darussa "asibitin shari'a" da kuma "wurin aiki" bi da bi, ta hanyar (Takardar Shaida) Standard 304. Darussan Gwaji: Darussan Kwaikwayo, Asibitocin Shari'a, da Wurin Aiki. Ma'auni 304(b) da (c) suna magance tsammanin Majalisar game da darussan kwaikwayo a asibitoci/horon aiki da wurin aiki/waje, bi da bi.
Ma'auni 304(d) ya shafi wuraren da aka sanya a fagen aiki (wasanni), yana bayyana su kamar haka don dalilan amincewa da makarantar lauya: "Darasin sanya a fagen yana ba da ƙwarewa mai zurfi ta fannin lauya wanda (1) yayi kama da ƙwarewar lauya mai ba da shawara ko wakiltar abokin ciniki ko kuma yin wasu ayyukan lauya a wani wuri a wajen asibitin lauya a ƙarƙashin kulawar lauya mai lasisi ko kuma mutumin da ya cancanci kulawa..." [6]
Makarantun shari'a da hukumomin gwamnatin jiha suka amince da su, kamar su Lauyan Jiha na California, ban da Majalisar ABA ko kuma a madadin ta, dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin amincewa na waɗannan hukumomin, domin a ci gaba da riƙe waɗannan takardun shaidar. A shari'ar California, Dokar 4.102 a Sashe na 2. Dokokin Makarantar Shari'a da aka amince da su na 4. Ka'idojin Shiga da Ilimi sun tanadar: "Makarantar shari'a wacce Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Amurka ta amince da ita na ɗan lokaci ko kuma cikakkiyar amincewa, Kwamitin [na Masu Jarrabawar Lauyoyi, na Lauyoyin Jiha na California] ya amince da ita kuma an keɓe ta daga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, sai dai idan Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Amurka ta janye amincewarta." [7] (An ƙara a cikin akwatin.) Sauran jihohin da suka amince da makarantun shari'a a cikin iyakokinsu sun haɗa da Alabama, Connecticut, Massachusetts, da Tennessee.
Babu wata jami'a ko makarantar koyon aikin lauya da ke da 'yancin kai da ke ba wa ɗalibai damar samun maki na ilimi a fannin kwaikwayo, asibiti (horon aiki) ko kuma darussan da ake ɗauka a fagen aiki (waje) don yin kofi, ɗaukar kaya, ko wasu ayyuka da ba su da alaƙa da ƙwarewar aiki don haɓaka ƙwarewar lauya. Dalibai za su iya yin kofi idan sun so - amma lokacin da suka ɓatar ba za a iya ƙidaya shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na lokacin da suka sadaukar da kansu ga kwas ɗin ba. Haka kuma ba za su iya samun maki na ilimi don yin aikin da aka biya ba.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Varatuomari
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Field placement supervision manual" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-29.
- ↑ "University of Arkansas: Externships/Job Shadowing". Archived from the original on 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
- ↑ "University of Michigan Law School: Externships". Retrieved 2 July 2009.
- ↑ "Pilot program allows second-years to shadow alumni in the workplace". 3 April 2003. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
- ↑ Muirhead, Gred. (29 April 1991). "Student externships aid recruitment". Supermarket News. 25.
- ↑ "ABA Standards and Rules of Procedure for Approval of Law Schools, 2020-2021" (PDF). ABA Council of the Section on Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar (in Turanci). 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
- ↑ "State Bar of California, Committee of Bar Examiners Rules, Title 4 Admissions and Educational Standards, Division 2 Accredited Law School Rules" (PDF). State Bar of California, Rules of the State Bar, Title 4 Div. 1, 2, 3 (in Turanci). 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2021-11-25.