Kasuwancin bayi da kurkuku a Amurka

Kasuwancin bayi da kurkuku a Amurka
aspect in a geographic region (en)
Bayanai
Fuskar	Kasuwar bayi
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Wuri
39°49′41″N 98°34′46″W

Kasuwancin bayi da kurkukun bayi a Amurka wuraren da aka yi amfani da su don Cinikin bayi a Amurka daga kafuwar a 1776 har zuwa cikakkiyar kawar da bautar a 1865. Ana amfani da takardun bayi, wanda aka fi sani da kurkukun bayi, don riƙe bayi na ɗan lokaci har sai an sayar da su, ko kuma riƙe bayi masu gudu, kuma wani lokacin ma ga bayi "tsarin" yayin tafiya. Kasuwancin bayi duk wani wuri ne inda masu siyarwa da masu siye suka taru don yin ciniki. Wasu daga cikin wadannan gine-ginen suna da kurkuku na bayi, wasu kuma baƙi ne don nuna bayin da aka miƙa don sayarwa, kuma har yanzu wasu sun kasance manyan siyarwa ko gidajen kasuwa inda aka gudanar da kasuwanci iri-iri, wanda "cinikin baƙar fata" ya kasance kashi ɗaya kawai. An yi amfani da kalmar ajiyar bayi a New Orleans a cikin shekarun 1850.

Sau da yawa ana yin ciniki na bayi a cikin rukunin kasuwanci inda kamfanonin kasuwanci da yawa ke aiki a kusa. Irin waɗannan tarin sun kasance a kan takamaiman tituna (kamar Pratt Street a Baltimore, Adams Street a Memphis, ko Cherry Street a Nashville), a cikin takamaiman unguwanni (a cikin American Quarter a New Orleans, da kuma Shockoe Bottom a Richmond), ko kuma a cikin ƙauyuka da ke da alama an sadaukar da su ga masu shuka da ke neman sabbin ma'aikatan gona (kamar Forks of the Road market a Natchez, Mississippi, da kuma a Hamburg, South Carolina, a fadin kogi daga Augusta, Georgia). Dubban sauran tallace-tallace sun faru ne a kan matakai na kotunan gundumar (don gamsar da hukunce-hukunce, dukiya da da'awar), a kan manyan shuke-shuke, ko kuma a ko'ina akwai mai bawa wanda ke buƙatar kuɗi don biyan bashin ko biyan mummunar fare.

Tarihi

Ciniki bayi ya faru a kusan kowane gari da birni a Kudu. A mafi yawancin, duk da haka, cinikin ba shi da wurin dindindin na jiki. Yawanci, ana sayar da bayi a kwanakin kotu, yawanci a waje a wani wuri kusa da kotun, duk da haka waɗannan biranen da babban kasuwa na bawa ya kasance mai girma da kuma sayar da kayayyaki na New Orleans. " kasuwa na ƙananan ruwan Mississippi - tare da ɗaruruwan 'yan kasuwa da kuma alkaluman bayi - amma akwai kuma kasuwanni da tallace-tallace "a Donaldsonville, Clinton, da Gabas Baton Rouge a Louisiana; a Natchez, Vicksburg, da Jackson a Mississippi; a kowane gidan cin abinci na gefen hanya, kotun gundumar, da kuma mararraba a fadin Kudancin Kudu."

Yan kasuwar bayi sun yi tafiya zuwa gonaki da ƙananan garuruwa don siyan bayi don kawowa kasuwa. Masu mallakar bayi sun kuma isar da mutanen da suke so su raba su.Ana sanya bayi a cikin alkalami don jiran a sayar da su, kuma suna iya zama masu yawa. A New Orleans, an yi mafi yawan tallace-tallace tsakanin Satumba da Mayu. Masu siye sun ziyarci gidan bawa kuma sun bincika bayi kafin sayarwa. An tsare mutane har sai an shirya hanyar sufuri. An kai su cikin rukuni ta jirgin ruwa, suna tafiya zuwa ga sababbin masu su, ko haɗuwa da su biyu. An motsa su a cikin rukuni a cikin akwati. Wannan yana nufin cewa an ɗaure mutane tare da zoben ƙarfe a wuyansu waɗanda aka ɗaure su da katako ko sandunan ƙarfe. Maza a kan doki suna tara kungiyoyi, ko akwatuna, zuwa inda suke. Sun yi amfani da karnuka, bindigogi, da bulala.[2] Jirgin kasa ya kawo sabuwar hanyar tafiye-tafiye mai sauƙi wanda bai dogara da amfani da akwatuna ba.

A wasu lokuta, 'yan kasuwa na bayi, kamar Franklin & Armfield, suna da cibiyar sadarwar wuraren ajiyar bayi waɗanda ke kan hanyoyin su. Kimanin 1833, wata jaridar Appalachian ta koka game da 'yan kasuwa na bayi da ke tafiya a yankin tare da akwatuna, kuma ta ba da rahoton cewa' yan kasuwa na bayi ne suka gina kurkuku masu zaman kansu a Baltimore, Washington, Norfolk, da kusa da Fredericksburg.[2] A cewar Nile's Weekly Register of Baltimore a cikin shekarun 1840, "Samun daga bayi hamsin zuwa ɗari uku aiki ne na kwanaki, wani lokacin makonni ko watanni. Dole ne mai ciniki da wakilansa su ziyarci shuke-shuke da yawa. Sa'an nan kuma lokuta daban-daban da suka dace jinkiri, kafin a iya sa ƙungiyar ta fara aiki don kudu. A wannan lokacin ana tabbatar da bayi ta hanyar hannaye-ƙu, da sarƙoƙi, kuma saka su cikin wasu wuraren tsare-ƙwalwa. Kurkukuncin ƙasa a birnin Washington, da aka gina su don wannan dalili.

Gida da kurkukun gonaki

Wasu masu bautar suna da kurkuku a ƙasarsu don bayinsu kawai. Kundin hoto na wuraren tarihi a Mississippi wanda aka kirkira game da 1937 ta hanyar WPA Federal Writers' Project yana da hoto na gidan da ke da kyau tare da rubutun da ke karantawa, "A sama da Sea Glen, Hancock County, Old Claiborne Plantation. A nan ne kawai J. F. H. Claiborne ya zauna a farkon shekarun 1800 kuma inda ya yi ƙoƙari ya samar da kayan aiki na tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri da kansa. Ginin nan da ke fitowa har yanzu ana amfani da shi a gidan kurkuku mai tsayi mai tsayi.

Mujallar Smithsonian ta bayyana cewa "[t]wannan wuraren zalunci ne da baƙin ciki mai ban tsoro, yayin da masu cinikin bayi masu tausayi da haɗama suka raba iyalai, suka raba maza da mata, da yara daga iyayensu. " A lokacin yakin basasa, Sojojin Tarayyar sun yi amfani da takardar bayi don ɗaure sojojin Confederate. Misali, an yi amfani da alkawarin bayi don wannan dalili a St. Louis, Missouri, da Alexandria, Virginia. A Natchez, Mississippi, sojojin Tarayyar sun yi amfani da kasuwar bayi ta Forks of the Road don ba da kariya da 'yanci ga' yanci da aka bautar da su. A cikin 2021 an sanya shafin a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Natchez .

An kuma sake amfani da takardun bayi na dā don bauta da ilimi. A Lexington, Kentucky, 'yan Afirka na Afirka sun yi amfani da gidan yarin Lewis Robards a matsayin cocin Ikilisiya. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta 'yanci, yanzu Jami'ar Virginia Union, a cikin gidan yarin Lumpkin. An san shi da "rabin kadada na shaidan", wanda ya kafa makarantar sakandare James B. Simmons ya ce yanzu zai zama "rabin adadi na Allah". Wani gidan bawa a Montgomery, Alabama ya zama Dexter Avenue Baptist Church . Wani shafin da ake kira A. Bryan's Negro Mart a Georgia, sojojin Amurka ne suka kwace shi a ƙarshen yakin basasa. Daga baya aka bayyana shi kamar yana da taurari huɗu a kan alamar a gaba; windows na hawa na sama suna da katako na ƙarfe, kuma daga cikin abubuwan da aka watsar akwai "bills of sale for slaves by the hundredly, business correspondence, "handcuffs, whips, and staples for tying, etc. " Ginin ya zama makarantar ga tsoffin yara bayi.

Shahararrun kasuwanni da kurkuku

Wannan jerin sanannun gine-gine ne, gine-gine, da alamomi (da sauransu), waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a kasuwancin bayi a Amurka. Kasuwannin daban-daban na iya zama sanannun "kayayyaki" daban-daban. Wani masanin tarihi ya rubuta game da New Orleans, "Ya kasance a cikin rotunda na Otal din St. Louis cewa 'yan mata bayi masu tsananin kai, yawanci an cire su da kyau daga launin sable na mata masu bautar, galibi ana samun su. Matsayin masu siyarwa sun kasance tubalan masonry da aka sanya tsakanin ginshiƙai masu tsawo waɗanda ke tallafawa rufin rufin rufi. A gefe ɗaya na rotunda akwai ɗakunan da za a ɗaure bayi na ɗan lokaci, idan ya cancanta, ko maza da mata masu sa hannu su iya yin bincike a New Orleans sun ga wasu masu sauraro masu sauraro da yawa a cikin Amurka, yawanci sun sayar da yawa.: 150