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Kasuwancin carbon da ƙididdiga

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Kasuwancin carbon da ƙididdiga
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Kudin carbon kayan aiki ne mai cinikayya (yawanci takardar shaidar kama-da-wane) wanda ke isar da'awar kauce wa hayaki na GHG ko inganta cire iskar gas (GHG) daga yanayi. " <sup about="#mwt2" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"OffsetGuide.org"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-OffsetGuide.org-2","html":"<span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;templatestyles&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;extsrc&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cite web &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;author1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Broekhoff, D.&quot;},&quot;author2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Gillenwater, M.&quot;},&quot;author3&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Colbert-Sangree, T.&quot;},&quot;year&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2024&quot;},&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Offset Guide&quot;},&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https://offsetguide.org/what-are-carbon-credits/&quot;},&quot;website&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Carbon Offset Guide&quot;},&quot;access-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;July 28, 2025&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBJE\"> </span><cite about=\"#mwt22\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBroekhoff,_D.Gillenwater,_M.Colbert-Sangree,_T.2024\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Broekhoff, D.; Gillenwater, M.; Colbert-Sangree, T. (2024). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://offsetguide.org/what-are-carbon-credits/\" id=\"mwBJI\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Offset Guide\"</a>. <i id=\"mwBJM\">Carbon Offset Guide</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwBJQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBJU\">July 28,</span> 2025</span>.</cite>"}}' id="cite_ref-OffsetGuide.org_2-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Carbon_offsets_and_credits#cite_note-OffsetGuide.org-2 [1]] [1] Ɗaya daga cikin kuɗin carbon yana wakiltar kauce ko inganta cirewa na tan ɗaya na carbon dioxide ko kwatankwacinsa na carbon dioxide (CO2e). [2] [2] [3][4][5][6]

Carbon offsetting shine aikin yin amfani da ƙididdigar carbon don biyan ko magance fitar da iskar gas (GHG) a cikin layi tare da shirye-shiryen bayar da rahoto ko manufofi / burin fitar da iske. Hanyoyin cinikin bashi na carbon (watau, shirye-shiryen bashi), suna bawa masu haɓaka aikin damar aiwatar da ayyukan da ke rage GHGs da karɓar ƙididdigar carbon wanda za'a iya sayar da shi ga masu siye masu sha'awar waɗanda zasu iya amfani da ƙididdigarsa don da'awar cewa sun rage fitar da GHG. Hakazalika da "ƙaddamarwa" ƙididdigar carbon waɗanda aka ba da izini a matsayin kayan aiki na bin doka a cikin kasuwannin bin doka (misali, Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai ko shirin California Cap-n-Trade) ana iya amfani da su ta ƙungiyoyi masu tsarawa don bayar da rahoton ƙananan hayaki da cimma matsayin bin doka (tare da iyakoki game da amfani da su wanda ya bambanta da shirin bin doka). Baya ga "offsetting" ƙididdigar carbon kuma ana iya amfani da su don ba da gudummawa ga burin GHG na duniya. Zaɓin mai siye ne na mutum yadda za a yi amfani da shi, ko "yi ritaya", kuɗin carbon.

Ayyuka sun haɗa da ayyukan ragewa waɗanda ke gujewa ko haɓaka cire hayakin GHG. Ana aiwatar da ayyukan daidai da ka'idojin shirye-shiryen ba da kyauta, gami da hanyoyin su, dokoki, da buƙatu. An amince da hanyoyin don kowane takamaiman nau'in aikin (misali, dasa bishiyoyi, sabunta mangrove, ritaya da wuri na wutar lantarki). Idan aikin ya cika duk bukatun da tanadi na shirin ba da kuɗi, za a ba da ƙididdigar da za a iya siyarwa ga masu siye. Kowane shirin ba da kyauta yawanci yana da nasa 'lambar' na bashi na carbon kamar CDM's Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), Mataki na 6.4 Mechanism Emission Reduction (A6.4ERs), VCS' Verified Emission Reductions (VERs), ACR's Emission Redulation Tonnes, Climate Action Reserves' Climate Reserve Tonnes (CRTs), da dai sauransu.[7]

Daruruwan nau'ikan aikin rage GHG sun wanzu kuma sun amince da hanyoyin tare da shirye-shiryen ba da kyauta. Shirin da ya bayyana matakin farko na ci gaban kasuwar carbon, Tsarin Ci Gaban Tsabtace (CDM) yana ba da taƙaitaccen ɗan littafin da aka amince da shi. Amma kowane shirin ba da kyauta yana da nasa jerin hanyoyin da aka amince da su, alal misali sai dai idan an bayyana a bayyane, wani wanda ya amince da ACR ba zai iya amfani da shi ba ta hanyar shirin ba da kyautar VCS na Verra. Kudin carbon wani nau'i ne na farashi na carbon, tare da harajin carbon, da kuma [Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAM) ]. An yi niyyar ƙididdigar carbon don zama mai amfani a cikin kasuwannin daban-daban, amma wasu kasuwannin bin doka da shirye-shiryen bayar da rahoto suna iyakance cancanta ga ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan ƙididdigapyen carbon ko halaye (misali, girke-girke, asalin aikin, nau'in aikin). [8][9][10]

Ingancin bashi

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"Tunanin da ya samo asali a bayan bashi na carbon shine cewa zai iya maye gurbin raguwa wanda mai siye zai iya yi wa hayakin kansa (watau, amfani da diyya). Don wannan ya zama gaskiya, dole ne duniya ta kasance aƙalla daidai lokacin da ake amfani da bashi na carbon kamar yadda zai kasance idan mai siye ya rage sawunsa na carbon. " ingancin" na bashi na carbon yana nufin matakin amincewa cewa amfani da bashi zai cika wannan ka'idar ta asali.[11][12] Cibiyar Ostiraliya ta nuna lokuta 23 inda aka gano shirye-shiryen ba da kyautar carbon suna da gagarumin gazawar. Wadannan sun hada da da'awar da aka yi amfani da su wajen tantance carbon, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga sau biyu, da kuma gazawar ayyukan don samar da fa'idodin muhalli "ƙarin" fiye da abin da zai faru ba tare da aikin ba. Yawancin ayyukan cirewa da aka inganta sun sami zargi a matsayin Greenwashing saboda sun wuce gona da iri ikon su na tsare carbon, tare da wasu ayyukan da aka nuna don kara yawan hayaki gaba ɗaya.[13]

Za'a iya fitar da muhimman abubuwa na ingancin bashi na carbon zuwa ka'idoji biyar. Kyaututtuka masu inganci na carbon sune wadanda ke da alaƙa da guje wa hayaki ko ingantaccen cirewa waɗanda sune:[11][14][15]

Ana iya tantance ingancin bashi na carbon kuma don mayar da martani ga damuwa mai girma da ke da alaƙa da ingancin bashi, yawancin shirye-shiryen ƙididdigar bashi sun fara samuwa a kusa da 2020 don taimakawa masu siye da shirye-shirye na ba da kyauta wajen rarrabe inganci mai girma daga ayyukan da ba su da inganci don a ba da ƙididdigatattun kuɗi don kawai idan sun cika buƙatu masu tsauri.[11] Wadannan shirye-shiryen ƙididdigar kuɗi sun ɗauki nau'ikan albarkatun buɗewa kamar OffsetGuide.org, shirye-shirye na lakabi kamar Majalisar Aminci don Kasuwar Carbon ta son rai wanda ke aiki don tantance hanyoyin da kuma tantance ko sun haɗu da ƙofar inganci (wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kimantawa) don karɓar lakabin Core Carbon Principle (CCP) ko a'a, ko kuma Tsarin Ingancin Kyautar Carbon wanda ke gudanar da zurfi (cikakken tsarin kimanta) kuma yana ba da maki 1-5 wanda ke wakiltar ingancin ingancin hanyar. Don ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kamfanoni sun kuma tashi waɗanda ke ba da ƙididdigari masu inganci ga ayyukan mutum ta hanyar sake nazarin takardun aikin su.

Tsarin ba da kyauta na Yarjejeniyar Paris

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Ta hanyar tattaunawar yanayi ta kasa da kasa karkashin jagorancin UNFCCC, an amince da Yarjejeniyar Paris a cikin 2015 kuma ta haɗa da tanadi don ba da izinin carbon don zama hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don taimakawa ƙasashe wajen saduwa da Gudummawar da aka ƙayyade a ƙasa (NDCs). A COP27, masu tattaunawa sun amince da ayyana ƙididdigar da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris a matsayin "ƙananan gudummawa" ga cikawar NDC ta ƙasar.[16] Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris ya haɗa da hanyoyin "haɗin kai na son rai" tsakanin ƙasashe zuwa ga burin yanayi, gami da Kasuwancin bashi na carbon. Mataki na 6.2 ya ba kasashe damar cinikin kudaden carbon kai tsaye ta hanyar ci gaban hanyoyin ba da bashi na biyu (watau, shirye-shiryen ba da bashi). Mataki na 6.4 ya kafa sabon shirin ba da kyauta na kasa da kasa wanda ke maye gurbin shirin CDM. Zaɓin na uku shine Mataki na 6.8, wanda ke ba da damar samar da hadin kai ba tare da bashi ba (kuma bai dace da wannan labarin ba). Wadannan tanadi suna ba da damar haɓaka hanyoyin (ban da Mataki na 6.8) don ba da damar ƙididdigar carbon don taimakawa ƙasashe wajen biyan alkawurran da suka ƙayyade na ƙasa (NDC) don cimma burin Yarjejeniyar Paris.[17] Mataki na 6.4, wanda kuma ake kira Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), kuma yana maye gurbin CDM amma yana neman amsawa ga damuwa mai inganci da masu bincike da kafofin watsa labarai suka tayar ta hanyar inganta ingancin bashi da haɓaka ma'auni na tsauraran ga dukan kasuwa. Ayyukan CDM na iya canzawa don zama ayyukan PACM idan sun cika bukatun cancanta kuma Mataki na 6.4 Methodology Panel yana nazarin CDM (da sauran hanyoyin da aka gabatar) don tantance ko sun cika ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin takardun PACM da PACM za ta karɓa don jagorantar ci gaban aikin.[2]

Nau'ikan aikin

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Wasu sun haɗa da ayyukan gandun daji waɗanda ke guje wa katako da tsire-tsire, [18] [19] ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar gonakin iska, Makamashi na biomass, masu narkewar gas, madatsar ruwa, da kuma ayyukan inganta makamashi. Ƙarin ayyukan sun haɗa da ayyukan Cire carbon dioxide, ayyukan kama carbon da adanawa, da kuma kawar da hayakin methane a wurare daban-daban kamar wuraren zubar da shara.

Kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su

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Gudanar da bashi, yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin aikin haɗari wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙididdiga. Gudanar da bashi na gaba tsari ne inda ake bayar da bashi don ƙididdigar da aka tsara don kauce wa fitarwa ko haɓaka cirewa, wanda masu siye za su iya da'awar ko da kafin ayyukan ragewa sun faru.[20]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Goodward, Jenna; Kelly, Alexia (August 2010). "Bottom Line on Offsets". World Resources Institute. Archived from the original on 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Broekhoff, D.; Gillenwater, M.; Colbert-Sangree, T. (2024). "Offset Guide". Carbon Offset Guide. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
  3. ↑ "Carbon offset". Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved September 21, 2012 from CollinsDictionary.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
  4. ↑ "What are Offsets?". Carbon Offset Research & Education. Archived from the original on 2019-11-21. Retrieved 2018-10-23.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  5. ↑ "What is a Carbon Offset?". Carbon Offset Guide (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  6. ↑ Courtnell, Jane (2023-02-01). "Carbon Offsets vs Carbon Credits: What's the Difference?". Green Business Bureau (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  7. ↑ "Carbon Offset Programs". Carbon Offset Guide (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  8. ↑ Broekhoff, D.; Gillenwater, M.; Colbert-Sangree, T. (2024). "Offset Guide". Carbon Offset Guide. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
  9. ↑ Cadman, Tim; Hales, Robert (2022-06-01). "COP26 and a Framework for Future Global Agreements on Carbon Market Integrity". The International Journal of Social Quality (in Turanci). 12 (1): 79–80. doi:10.3167/IJSQ.2022.120105. ISSN 1757-0344. S2CID 256659556 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  10. ↑ "Emissions Trading – UNFCCC". United Nations. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Broekhoff, D.; Gillenwater, M.; Colbert-Sangree, T. (2024). "Offset Guide". Carbon Offset Guide. Retrieved July 28, 2025. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OffsetGuide.org Credit Quality" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ "Goldman School of Public Policy". gspp.berkeley.edu (in Turanci). University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  13. ↑ Masie, Desné (2023-08-03). "Are carbon offsets all they're cracked up to be? We tracked one from Kenya to England to find out". Vox (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  14. ↑ Batjes, N.H.; Ceschia, E.; Heuvelink, G.B.M.; Demenois, J.; le Maire, G.; Cardinael, R.; Arias-Navarro, C.; von Egmond, F. (October 2024). "Towards a modular, multi-ecosystem monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) framework for soil organic carbon stock change assessment". Carbon Management. 15 (1): 2410812. Bibcode:2024CarM...1510812B. doi:10.1080/17583004.2024.2410812.
  15. ↑ "Mass Audubon 'Followed The Rules' And Earned Millions From Carbon Offsets. But Was It 'Real'?". www.wbur.org (in Turanci). 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  16. ↑ Crook, Jonathan (December 7, 2022). "Was COP27 the beginning of the end for corporate offsetting?". Carbon Watch. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Climate Explainer: Article 6". World Bank (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  18. ↑ Hamrick, Kelley; Gallant, Melissa (May 2017). "Unlocking Potential: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2017" (PDF). Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-08-14. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  19. ↑ Haya, Barbara K.; Evans, Samuel; Brown, Letty; Bukoski, Jacob; Butsic, Van; Cabiyo, Bodie; Jacobson, Rory; Kerr, Amber; Potts, Matthew; Sanchez, Daniel L. (2023-03-21). "Comprehensive review of carbon quantification by improved forest management offset protocols". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 6. Bibcode:2023FrFGC...6.8879H. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2023.958879. ISSN 2624-893X.
  20. ↑ "Avoiding Overestimation". Carbon Offset Guide (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-12-20.
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