Kasuwar Bayi (Zanen Gérôme)

Kasuwar Bayi (Zanen Gérôme)
Asali
Mahalicci	Jean-Léon Gérôme (mul)
Shekarar ƙirƙira	1866
Asalin suna	Le Marché d'esclaves
Movement	Orientalism (en) ; academic art (en)
Characteristics
Material (en)	oil paint (en) da canvas (en)
Faɗi	63.5 centimetre (en)
Tsawo	84.8 centimetre (en)
Genre (en)	genre art (en) da nude (en)
Description
Wuri
Place	Clark Art Institute (mul)
Tari	Clark Art Institute (mul)
Inventory number (en)	1955.53

Kasuwar Bayi ( French ) zanen 1866 ne na ɗan wasan Faransa Jean-Léon Gérôme . Yana nuna yanayin Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Arewacin Afirka inda mutum zai duba hakora tsirara, baiwar Abyssiniya a cikin yanayin cinikin bayi na Barbary.^[1]

Adolphe Goupil ne ya sayi zanen a ranar 23 ga Agusta 1866 kuma an nuna shi a Salon a 1867. An saya shi kuma an sayar da shi sau da yawa har sai Robert Sterling Clark ya saya a 1930. Tun 1955 yana cikin tarin Clark Art Institute .

Tare da Gérôme's The Snake Charmer (kuma mallakin Clark), Kasuwar Bayi ta zama babban misali na fasaha na gabas na ƙarni na 19.

liyafa

Maxime Du Camp, wanda ya yi tafiya mai yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya sake nazarin zanen daga Salon 1867. Ya gano manufar kasuwar bayi ta Alkahira kuma ya kwatanta zanen a matsayin "wani wuri da aka yi a nan take". Du Camp ya rubuta:

Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matan [masu tsada], 'yar Abyssiniya, M. Gérôme ya ɗauka a matsayin babban jigon nasa. Ta kasance tsirara kuma djellab ne ke nuna ta, wanda ke da kyakkyawan shugaban 'yan bindigar da ya saba da kowane irin sace-sace da tashin hankali; ra'ayin rai madawwami dole ne ba sau da yawa ya azabtar da irin wannan ɗan fashi ba. Yarinyar matalauta tana tsaye, mai biyayya, tawali'u, ta yi murabus, tare da fasikanci mai ban tsoro wanda mai zanen ya yi da fasaha sosai.^[1]^[2]

Kabilanci, addini, jinsi, da jima'i

A cikin mahallin tarihi na fasaha, al'amuran Harem sun nuna wuraren gida ga mata a cikin al'ummomin musulmi; mazan an haɗa su ne kawai a cikin lalata da jima'i. Wannan zanen yana gabatar da wani wuri mara iyaka na Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Arewacin Afirka wanda mutum ya duba hakora na tsirara Caucasian mace bawa.^[3]

Hotunan Gérome na cinikin bayi sun riga sun riga sun kasance Kasuwar Bayi kuma an saita wasu a cikin duniyar gargajiya. Ya zana hoto mai kama da haka a cikin 1857, Siyan Bawa, wanda aka kafa a tsohuwar duniyar Girka ko ta Roma, inda bambance-bambancen launin fata tsakanin mai siye, mai siyarwa, da bawa ba a bayyana ba. Bayin da aka kwatanta wani lokaci suna bambanta da launin fata (kamar yadda yake cikin Kasuwar Bayi na 1871); a kowane hali ana sayar da mace ko mace, maza a matsayin masu saye ko masu sayarwa, amma a bayan kasuwar Bawan za a iya gani suna duba wani namiji mai duhu, tsirara, kuma a bayan Kasuwar Bayi a tsohuwar Roma (c. 1884) ana iya ganin maza biyu bayi, daya baƙar fata daya kuma fari.

Hoton Gérôme na bawa a wani mahallin shine Cave Canem (1881). A zamanin d Romawa, wani mutum mai ɗaure da sarƙa yana zaune a ƙarƙashin sanarwar "Cave Canem", Latin don "Hattara Kare".

Amfani a kafofin watsa labarai

Zaben 2019 na Turai

Jam'iyyar siyasa ta dama ta Alternative ta Jamus ta yi amfani da zanen a cikin tallan siyasa na zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2019 . An sake buga littafin tare da taken "Turai suna zaɓen AfD!" da "Don haka Turai ba ta zama Eurabia !"^[4] Deutsche Welle ta ruwaito yadda aka yi amfani da zanen da nufin wariyar launin fata, inda aka nuna hoton maza masu duhun gemu da rawani "suna duba hakoran wata farar fata tsirara".^[5] Cibiyar Fasaha ta Clark ta yi tir da yadda AfD ke amfani da zanen sosai.^[6]

Gallery: Hotunan Gérôme na bayi da kasuwannin bayi

Cikakkun bayanai daga Kasuwar Bayi (1866) tana nuna namiji mai duhun fata bayi
Bawan Girka (1870), zanen da ba a gama ba (saboda sata), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Kasuwar Bayi (1871), Cincinnati Art Museum
Cave Canem, 1881, Musée Georges-Garret
Nazarin don Kasuwar Bayi a tsohuwar Rome (a sama) da Kasuwar Bawan Roman (a ƙasa), Gidan kayan tarihi na Walters
Nazari don Kasuwar Bayi a tsohuwar Roma, graphite da crayon baƙar fata (c. 1884), Walters Art Museum
Nazarin Kasuwar Bayi a tsohuwar Rome, mai akan zane, Musée Georges-Garret
Kasuwar Bayi a tsohuwar Roma (c. 1884), Gidan kayan tarihi na Hermitage
Kasuwar Bayin Romawa (c. 1884), Walters Art Museum

Gallery: Sauran Bayanan Ilimi da na Gabas ta Tsakiya na kasuwannin bayi

Kasuwar Bayi ta Horace Vernet, 1836
Victor Giraud [fr], Un marchand d'esclaves, 1867, Musée d'Orsay
Gustave Boulanger, Kasuwar Bayi, 1886, tarin masu zaman kansu
Oscar Pereira da Silva, Escrava Romana, c. 1894
Otto Pilny, Kasuwar Bayi, 1910

Nassoshi

1 2 Lees, Sarah, ed. (2012). Nineteenth-Century European Paintings at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute (excerpt: "The Slave Market") (PDF). pp. 359–363.
↑ Hering, Fanny Field (1892). Gérôme: The Life and Works of Jean Léon Gérôme. New York: Cassell. p. 117.
↑ Davis, Professor Robert (2003). Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800. Ohio USA: Pangrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-333-71966-4.
↑ "U.S. Museum Condemns Far-right German Party for Using Their Painting for anti-Muslim Campaign". Haaretz. May 1, 2019. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
↑ "AfD in hot water with US museum over campaign billboard". Deutsche Welle. April 26, 2019.
↑ Hickley, Catherine (30 April 2019). "US museum criticises use of Gérôme's Slave Market in German right-wing campaign". The Art Newspaper (in Turanci).

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

An Ajiye Kasuwar Bayi Archived 2016-05-22 at the Wayback Machine Archived a gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar Fasaha ta Clark
Jean-Léon Gérôme: Kasuwar Bayi ta Sarah Lees daga Zanen Turai na ƙarni na sha tara a Cibiyar fasaha ta Sterling da Francine Clark, shafi na 359-363.
Media related to The Slave Market (Gerome) at Wikimedia Commons

[lees-1] 1 2 Lees, Sarah, ed. (2012). Nineteenth-Century European Paintings at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute (excerpt: "The Slave Market") (PDF). pp. 359–363.

[2] Hering, Fanny Field (1892). Gérôme: The Life and Works of Jean Léon Gérôme. New York: Cassell. p. 117.

[3] Davis, Professor Robert (2003). Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800. Ohio USA: Pangrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-333-71966-4.

[4] "U.S. Museum Condemns Far-right German Party for Using Their Painting for anti-Muslim Campaign". Haaretz. May 1, 2019. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[5] "AfD in hot water with US museum over campaign billboard". Deutsche Welle. April 26, 2019.

[6] Hickley, Catherine (30 April 2019). "US museum criticises use of Gérôme's Slave Market in German right-wing campaign". The Art Newspaper (in Turanci).

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