Katherine Campbell (wanda ake zargi da mafarauci)
 Katherine Campbell (wanda ake zargi da mafarauci) | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Mazauni |
Bargarran (en)  |
| Mutuwa |
Paisley (mul) da Gallows Green (en) , 10 ga Yuni, 1697 (Julian) |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
hukuncin kisa (garrote death by burning (en) strangling (en) ) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
servant (en) |
Katherine Campbell (Katie Campbell, Catherine Campbell) (an haife ta a kusa da shekara ta 1677; ta mutu 10 Yuni 1697) ta kasance baiwa ce da ake zargi da sata da maita a lokacin babban mafarauci na ƙarshe a Scotland, gwajin farautar Paisley .
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An bayyana Campbell a matsayin "matashiyar yarinya, mai son gaske, mai shekaru ashirin". Ta kasance ƙaura ce ta tattalin arziki wacce ta yi tafiya daga Highlands na Scotland don samun aiki a Paisley, Renfrewshire . [1]
A watan Agustan shekara ta 1696, Christian Shaw, 'yar shekara goma ko goma sha ɗaya ta mai arziki na Bargarran kusa da Erskine, [2] ta zargi Campbell, ma'aikaciya a gidan Bargarran, da sata lokacin da ta ga Campbell tana shan madara a cikin kicin. [3] Shaw ta ba da rahoton sata ga mahaifiyarta wacce ta tsawata wa Campbell.[4]
Wannan rashin lafiya na Shaw ya ɗauki nau'in tashin hankali, yana gwagwarmaya da masu kai farmaki marasa ganuwa. Shaw za ta yi kuka a cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru akai-akai cewa Campbell da Agnes Naismith, wata matalauciya tsohuwar gwauruwa, suna yanke jikinta da wuƙaƙe, duk da cewa babu wata mace da ke kusa da ita.[3] Kirista ta sanya alhakin rashin lafiyarta a kan ƙungiyar mayu a garin, ƙungiyar da bawanta Katherine Campbell ke jagoranta.[5]
A watan Janairun shekara ta 1697, mahaifinta John Shaw, ya ji isasshen kuma ya nemi a kafa kwamiti na musamman don bincika lamarin [3] 35 an zarge su da maita [5] - maza da mata - wanda ya haifar da babban farautar maƙaryaci na ƙarshe a Scotland, gwajin maƙaryacin Paisley. [2] An riga an tsare Campbell a tsare, bayan da ta yi ƙoƙari ta gudu da zaran ta ji za a zarge ta da maita.[3]
A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1697 Hukumar ta gabatar da rahotonsu ga Majalisar Privy a Edinburgh inda ta nuna shaidar maita. An ƙaddara ashirin da biyu su zama waɗanda ake zargi da shari'ar gaggawa.[3]
An fara shari'ar a Paisley a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1697 [4] amma babu yiwuwar sauraron adalci. An gaya wa juriya cewa idan sun wanke wanda ake tuhuma to su ma za a dauke su "abin haɗi ga duk saɓo, ridda, kisan kai, azabtarwa, da yaudara, inda waɗannan abokan gaba na sama da ƙasa ya kamata su kasance masu laifi. "
An yi wa bakwai shari'a kuma bakwai an same su da laifi.[2] Wadannan sun hada da Katherine Campbell, Agnes Naismith, Margaret Lang, Margaret Fulton, John Reid, John Lindsay, da James Lindsay. 'Yan uwan Lindsay suna da shekaru goma sha ɗaya da goma sha huɗu kawai.[5]
An yi amfani da shaidar allahntaka a kan Campbell a cikin cewa Shaw yana jefa gashin gashi kuma wannan ya tsaya da zaran an samu gashin gashin gash na launuka da yawa [1] a cikin aljihun Katherine Campbell bayan kama ta, an ƙone shi. Haɗin tsakanin wahalar Shaw da mallakar Campbell na gashin gashi, tare da kamanninsa a launi ga gashin Shaw, an kafa shi kuma an ba shi gaskatawa ta hanyar shaidar shaida.[2] Campbell ya musanta duk wani ilmi game da shi, amma kasancewar gashin gashi an dauke shi ya isa ya zama tabbacin laifin Campbell.[3]
Yayinda daya daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma, John Reid, ya kashe kansa a kurkuku, [5] an kashe sauran shida ta hanyar ratayewa kafin a ƙone su a kan gungume a gaban babban taron jama'a a Gallow Green a West End na Paisley. [2]
An ba wa wanda ake tuhuma damar yin magana daga ma'auni kafin a kashe su bi da bi. An ruwaito cewa an ɗaure 'yan uwan Lindsay guda biyu tare yayin da suke riƙe da hannun juna [5] amma...
"Katherine Campbell, uwargidan Shaw wacce ba tare da saninta ba watakila ta fara duk al'amarin, ta sa taron su yi tsoratar da tsoro da sha'awa. Da yake ƙin tafiya a hankali, an ja ta tana kururuwa da gwagwarmaya zuwa ga ma'auni, inda ta yi ihu da fansa na Allah da Iblis a kan masu tsanantawarta kafin a jefa ta cikin mantuwa. "[3]
Wani mummunan labarin ya bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma ba su mutu ba lokacin da aka ƙone su kuma mai kisa dole ne ya ranta sanda don tura wadanda abin ya shafa cikin wuta lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin fita. [5]
An binne gawar da aka ƙone na Campbell tare da sauran waɗanda ake zargi a Maxwellton Cross, inda mahaɗar Maxwellton Street da George Street suke a yau. Wannan kabari na jama'a, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen manyan farautar maƙaryaci a Turai, an yi masa ado da doki da kuma da'irar dutse.[2] A cewar al'adun Paisley, an yi tunanin cewa dutsen dawakai zai kawo wadata ga Paisley muddin ya kasance a can. Wannan ya kasance har sai da aka rasa doki a cikin shekarun 1970s kuma dukiyar garin ta shiga lokacin raguwa.[5]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Paisley's Enchanted Threads | The Story | The People | The Victims | Katherine Campbell | Paisley Witch Hunt of 1697". www.paisleysenchantedthreads.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 McGuire, Brian (2011-08-13). "The Witches". Paisley Scotland (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "The Renfrewshire Witches - newoomh". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The Renfrewshire Witches – Turn Left At The Bridge" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 ER (2016-10-24). "The Paisley Witch Trials". Naked History (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-11-03. Retrieved 2022-10-28.