Kathleen Behan
 Kathleen Behan | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Dublin, 18 Satumba 1889 |
| ƙasa | Ireland |
| Mutuwa |
Raheny (en)  , 26 ga Afirilu, 1984 |
| Makwanci |
Deans Grange Cemetery (en) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama |
Stephen Behan (en) |
| Yara |
view
|
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
mawaƙi, political activist (en) da trade unionist (en) |
| Kayan kida | murya |
Kathleen Behan (née Kearney; 18/19 Satumba 1889 - 26 Afrilu 1984) ta kasance 'yar jamhuriya ce ta Irish kuma mawaƙiya ce, kuma mahaifiyar marubutan Irish Brendan, Brian da Dominic . [1]
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Kathleen Behan Kathleen Kearney a ranar 18 ko 19 ga Satumba 1889 a 49 Capel Street, Dublin . Ita ce ta biyar kuma 'yar ƙarama ta mai yankan naman alade da mai sayar da kayan abinci, John Kearney (1854-1897), da matarsa Kathleen Kearney (née McGuinness) (1860-1907). Tana da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu da mata biyu. John ya fito ne daga Rosybrook, County Louth da Kathleen daga Rathmaiden, Slane, County Meath, kuma dukansu sun fito ne daga iyalai masu noma masu wadata. Mahaifinta yana da kasuwanci a kan titin Lower Dorset, tare da kantin sayar da kayan masarufi, mashaya da jere na gidaje. Saboda rashin kulawarsa, a lokacin da aka haifi Behan yana da karamin kasuwanci a Dolphin's Barn Lane. Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1897, mahaifiyarsu ta sanya Behan da 'yan uwanta a gidan marayu na Goldenbridge, Inchicore. Ta kasance a can daga 1898 zuwa 1904 inda ta zama mai karatu mai son karatu. Lokacin da ta tafi, ta koma tare da iyalinta a cikin ɗaki ɗaya a kan titin Gloucester . [1]
Ayyukan Jamhuriyar Republican da iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yaronta na fari, Peadar Kearney, dan jam'iyyar Republican ne mai himma wanda ya rubuta kalmomin waƙar da za ta zama taken ƙasar Irish, "Waƙar soja". Ta hanyarsa ne Behan ya sadu da mawallafin mai bugawa kuma memba na Irish Volunteers, Jack Furlong . Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1916. Behan memba ne mai aiki na Cumann na mBan, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikawa zuwa Babban Ofishin Jakadancin, Dublin da sauran sansanoni a lokacin Easter Rising 1916. A lokaci guda, Furlong ya yi yaƙi a cikin sansanin masana'antar Yakubu. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu: Roger Casement ('Rory") Furlong (1917-1987) da Sean Furlong (an haife shi Maris 1919). An haifi Sean watanni shida bayan Behan ya mutu lokacin da Furlong ya mutu a annobar mura ta Spain ta 1918. Ta zauna tare da surukarta, wacce ita ma 'yar Jamhuriyar Republican ce kuma mai sa tufafi wanda ke yin kayan aikin Irish Volunteer. An kama ta ne saboda gudanar da gidan tsaro na IRA. Ta yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci ga Maud Gonne a matsayin mai kula da gida, inda ta sadu da W. B. Yeats da Sarah Purser . Wani binciken da Purser ya zana na Behan yanzu yana cikin National Gallery of Ireland mai taken The sad girl . Daga 1918 zuwa 1922 ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Kamfanin Dublin, yayin da kuma mai kulawa a reshen Harcourt Street na kungiyar taimakon Jamhuriyar White Cross.[1]
A shekara ta 1922 ta auri Stephen Behan, mai zane-zane na gida, mai sana'a da kuma ɗan'uwan jamhuriya. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu da mace ɗaya: Brendan (an haife shi a shekara ta 1923), Seamus (an haifee a shekara ta 1925), Brian (an haifi a shekara ta 1926), Dominic (an haifu shi a shekara de 1928), da Carmel (an haifa a shekara ta 1932). An haifi Brendan yayin da mahaifinsa ke kurkuku a lokacin yakin basasar Irish, [1] kuma Behan ya yi iƙirarin cewa Michael Collins ya ba ta kudi yayin da take da ciki. Mahaifiyar Stephen ta mallaki gidaje uku, don haka Behans suna zaune kyauta a cikin ɗaki ɗaya a 14 Russell Street. Saboda rashin amincewarta da tsegumi a kan matakala na gida, maƙwabtanta sun ba ta lakabi da "Lady Behan". Lokacin da mahaifiyar Stephen ta mutu a 1936, Behans sun koma sabon gidan majalisa a Crumlin, suna zaune a 70 Kildare Road. Iyalin sun sami sabon gidan nesa da aiki da makaranta, kuma yankin ba shi da al'umma. Iyalin suna fuskantar matsanancin talauci akai-akai, saboda rashin aikin yi na Stephen da kuma lokacin yajin aikin gini na tsawon watanni 9 na 1936. [1] Behan ta yi ƙoƙari ta nemi fansho yayin da mijinta na farko ya yi aiki a 1916, amma an ƙi aikace-aikacen ta. Ta ce bayyanar da gari ya shafi huhu na Furlong ba shi da kyau. An ƙi shi yayin da ta sake yin aure kafin a kafa Dokar Fensho ta Sojoji ta 1923. Duk da yanayinsu, gidan ya ja hankalin tattaunawa, kiɗa, littattafai da siyasa. Jamhuriyar Behan, mai gurguzu, mai fafutukar aiki da adawa da malamai sun yi tasiri sosai ga 'ya'yansu maza, musamman Brendan da Dominic. Irin wannan shine yawan tarurruka masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da suka faru a gidan Behan, maƙwabtansu sun kira shi "Kremlin", kuma Stephen ya kira shi "madhouse". A lokacin gaggawa na 1939 zuwa 1945 ta yi yaƙi da masu sayar da kayayyaki na cikin gida waɗanda suka yi watsi da kula da farashi, kuma an lakafta ta a matsayin "ja" saboda ta adawa da Franco da kuma goyon bayan Stalin.[1] Amsar da ta yi game da alamar ta kamar haka ita ce "Ni"ba ja ba ne, ni" ja ce.[2]
Rayuwa ta baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga shekarun 1950 zuwa gaba, Behan ta raba shahara a duniya tare da 'ya'yanta Dominic da Brendan. Sau da yawa tana tafiya zuwa Landan don ganin wasanninsu, daga ƙarshe ta bayyana a talabijin na Burtaniya da Irish kuma ta horar da mabiyanta. Ta ji mummunan rauni lokacin da babur ya buge ta, kwana daya kafin mutuwar Stephen a shekarar 1967. Saboda tasirin wadannan raunin, ta koma a shekarar 1970 zuwa Gidan Zuciya Mai Tsarki na Little Sisters of the Poor, Sybil Hill, Raheny . A shekara ta 1981, ta yi rikodin kundi Lokacin da duk duniya ta kasance matashi. Tattaunawar da aka ɗauka game da tunaninta an sanya shi cikin littafin tarihin kansa ta ɗanta Brian, Uwar dukan Behans a cikin 1984. Wani mataki na mace daya na littafin da Peter Sheridan ya yi da Rosaleen Linehan ya yi yabo a Ireland, Burtaniya da Arewacin Amurka. Behan ya mutu a gidan jinya a Raheny a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1984, kuma an binne shi a Kabari na Deans Grange . [1]