Keɓantawa
 Keɓantawa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Haƙƙoƙi da secrecy (en)  |
| Fuskar |
information security (en) |
| Muhimmin darasi |
human activity (en) da personal data (en) |
| Uses (en) |
encryption (en) , soundproofing (en) da visual obstruction (en) |
Sirri (Birtaniya: /ˈprɪvəsi/, US: /ˈpraɪ-/)[1] shine ikon mutum ko ƙungiya don keɓance kansu ko bayanai game da kansu, kuma ta haka ne za su bayyana kansu.
Yankin keɓaɓɓen ɓangarorin ya zo tare da tsaro, wanda zai iya haɗawa da ra'ayoyin amfani da suka dace da kariya na bayanai. Keɓantawa na iya ɗaukar sifar mutuncin jiki.
A cikin tarihi, an sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban na sirri. Yawancin al'adu sun yarda da haƙƙin daidaikun mutane na kiyaye al'amuran rayuwarsu daga cikin jama'a. 'Yancin samun 'yanci daga mamayewar gwamnati ba tare da izini ba daga gwamnatoci, kamfanoni, ko daidaikun mutane yana cikin dokokin keɓantawa na ƙasashe da yawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tsarin mulkinsu.
Tare da haɓakar fasaha, muhawara game da keɓantawa ta faɗaɗa daga ma'anar jiki don haɗa ma'anar dijital. A yawancin ƙasashe, ana ɗaukar haƙƙin sirrin dijital a matsayin faɗaɗa na ainihin haƙƙin keɓantawa, kuma ƙasashe da yawa sun zartar da ayyukan da ke ƙara kare sirrin dijital daga jama'a da masu zaman kansu.
Akwai dabaru da yawa don mamaye sirri, waɗanda kamfanoni ko gwamnatoci za su iya amfani da su don riba ko dalilai na siyasa. Akasin haka, don kare sirri, mutane na iya yin amfani da matakan ɓoye ko ɓoyewa.
Ilimin kalmomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar sirri ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin da manufar ‘privatus’, wanda ke nuni da abubuwan da suka bambanta da abin da ke jama’a; na kashin kansa da na kansa, ba na jiha ba.[2] A zahiri, ‘privatus’ shine abin da ya gabata na fi’ili na Latin ‘privere’ ma’ana ‘a hana shi’.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ra'ayin falsafa kan keɓantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana falsafa da yawa sun bincika kuma sun tattauna batun sirri a cikin tarihi.
Keɓantawa yana da tushen tarihi a cikin tattaunawar falsafar Girka ta dā. Wanda aka fi sani da su shi ne bambancin Aristotle tsakanin bangarori biyu na rayuwa: yanayin jama’a na polis, da ke da alaka da rayuwar siyasa, da kuma kebantaccen yanki na oikos, mai alaka da rayuwar gida.[4] Keɓantawa yana da ƙima tare da sauran bukatu na rayuwa a cikin Littafin Deutero-canonical na Yahudawa na Sirach.[5]
Nassin Islama mai tsarki, Kur'ani, ya faɗi haka game da keɓewa: ‘Kada ku yi wa juna leƙen asiri’ (49:12); ‘Kada ku shiga wani gidaje, face gidajenku, sai kun tabbata da yardar ma’abutansu’ (24:27).
Rubuce-rubucen falsafa John Locke na Ingilishi (1632-1704) akan haƙƙoƙin halitta da kwangilar zamantakewa sun kafa tushen tunanin zamani na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya, gami da haƙƙin sirri. A cikin yarjejeniyarsa ta biyu ta gwamnatin farar hula (1689), Locke ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutum yana da haƙƙin kansa ta hanyar haƙƙin rayuwa, yanci, da dukiya.[8] Ya yi imanin cewa gwamnati ce ke da alhakin kare waɗannan haƙƙoƙin don haka an ba wa ɗaiɗai tabbacin wuraren da ke zaman kansu don gudanar da ayyukan kansu.
A fagen siyasa, masana falsafa suna da ra'ayi daban-daban game da hakkin yanke hukunci na sirri. Masanin ilimin Jamus Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) ya bambanta tsakanin moralität, wanda ke nufin shari'ar mutum ta sirri, da sittlichkeit, dangane da haƙƙoƙin mutum da wajibai kamar yadda tsarin kamfani ya bayyana. Akasin haka, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), masanin falsafa na Ingilishi, ya fassara doka a matsayin mamayewa na sirri. Ka’idarsa na amfani ya yi nuni da cewa ya kamata a yi la’akari da ayyukan shari’a gwargwadon gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ga jin daɗin ɗan adam, ko kuma amfanin da ya dace.[6]
Fitaccen masanin falsafa na Ingila John Stuart Mill ya gyara ra'ayin Hegel. Rubutun Mill akan ‘Yanci (1859) yayi jayayya akan mahimmancin kare ‘yancin kai daga zaluncin mafiya rinjaye da tsoma bakin gwamnati. Ra'ayinsa ya jaddada haƙƙin keɓantawa a matsayin mahimmanci don ci gaban mutum da bayyana kai.
Tattaunawar da ke tattare da sa ido ta zo daidai da ra'ayoyin falsafa game da keɓewa. Jeremy Bentham ya haɓaka al'amarin da aka sani da tasirin Panoptic ta hanyar ƙirar gine-ginen 1791 na gidan yari mai suna Panopticon. Lamarin ya yi nazarin yiwuwar sa ido a matsayin sani na gama-gari na kallon da ba za a taba iya tabbatar da shi ba a kowane lokaci. Masanin falsafar Faransa Michel Foucault (1926-1984) ya kammala da cewa yiwuwar sa ido a cikin misalin Panopticon na nufin ɗaurin kurkuku ba shi da wani zaɓi face ya bi ƙa'idodin gidan yari.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ↑ privacy (n.)", Etymology Dictionary, November 17, 2020, retrieved November 18, 2020
- ↑ Alibeigi, Ali; Munir, Abu Bakar; Karim, Md. Ershadul (2019). "Right to Privacy, A Complicated Concept to Review". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3537968. ISSN 1556-5068
- ↑ DeCew, Judith (2015), "Privacy", in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2015 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2024-03-21
- ↑ oremus Bible Browser : Ecclesiasticus 29:21". bible.oremus.org. Retrieved 2024-03-21
- ↑ Negley, Glenn (1966). "Philosophical Views on the Value of Privacy". Law and Contemporary Problems. 31 (2): 319–325. doi:10.2307/1190674. ISSN 0023-9186. JSTOR 1190674
- ↑ Solove, Daniel J. (2006). "A Taxonomy of Privacy". University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 154 (3): 477–564. doi:10.2307/40041279. ISSN 0041-9907. JSTOR 40041279.