Kewaye Lydenburg
| ||||
| Iri |
siege (en)  | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangare na |
First Boer War (en) | |||
| Kwanan watan | 6 ga Janairu, – 30 ga Maris, 1881 | |||
| Wuri |
Lydenburg (mul) | |||
Yakin Lydenburg wani hari ne da sojojin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu suka yi a Lydenburg da Birtaniyya ta mamaye, tsakanin watan Janairu da Maris 1881 a lokacin yakin Boer na farko. Duk da tsananin turjiya da Birtaniyya ta yi, Boers sun kwato garin bayan fatattakar Birtaniya da suka yi a ƙarshen yakin. An kwashe kwanaki 84 ana killace. [1] [2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lydenburg ta faɗa ƙarƙashin ikon cikakken ƙarfi na 94th Regiment. [3] A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 1880, an janye yawancin tsarin mulkin, ƙarƙashin Laftanar-Kanar Anstruther. [4] Ƙasa da sojojin Burtaniya 100 ne aka bari don ci gaba da mamayar Birtaniyya a garin [5] ƙarƙashin jagorancin Laftanar Walter Long na biyu [5] ɗan siyasar Burtaniya mai suna iri daya. A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, 1880, jami'ai shida da maza 246 na Regiment na 94, tare da mutane 12 na Sabis na Sojoji da kuma maza 4 na Asibitin Sojoji, 250 Boer Commandos sun kai hari a Bronkhorstspruit yayin da suke tafiya daga Lydenburg zuwa Pretoria. Sun samu raunuka 156. [6] Wannan ya fara yakin Boer na farko.
Shirye-shirye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ɓarkewar yakin, Long ya sami umarni daga Pretoria don kare Lydenburg. Dogon aiki ta hanyar gina katanga da gina bangon dutse kewaye da shi don inganta tsaro. [7] [8] Kagara, wanda aka fi sani da Fort Mary, ya ƙunshi bukkoki takwas masu ƙyalƙyali da aka haɗa da bangon dutse. Fort Mary ya ba da kariya ga sojojin Birtaniya kuma zai ba da damar Long ya yi nasarar yaki da Boers na tsawon watanni uku. [9] Birtaniya ta ajiye harsashi har guda 200,000, wanda babban runduna ta 94 da ke ƙarƙashin Anstruther ta bari a baya, a shirye-shiryen harin Boer. [10] Turawan Ingila sun samu nama na tsawon watanni uku, da garin burodi na tsawon watanni takwas, da kayan abinci da kayan marmari, domin tsira da rayukansu. [10]
Kamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 23 ga watan Disamba 1880, Dietrich Muller ya shiga Lydenburg kuma ya sanar da Long cewa gwamnatinsa ta buƙaci ya miƙa wuya ga Lydenburg. Dogon ya ƙi yin magana, kuma Boers sun shirya don kewaye. Commandos sun ɗauki matsayi mil biyu daga hanyar zuwa Middelburg a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu 1881 sannan suka ci gaba a Lydenburg a ranar 6th. Sama da 'yan fashi ɗari biyu ne suka kutsa garin tare da shelanta mubaya'arsu ga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu, inda suka sake neman Long ya miƙa wuya. Dogon ya ƙi, kuma ƙungiyar Boer ta girma zuwa kusan maza ɗari biyar. Yayin da Boers suka ci gaba ta hanyar Lydenburg, sun kusanci Fort Mary, kuma suka buɗe wuta a mita 230. Ba a yi ɓarna a sansanin ba, duk da harbe-harbe da aka yi ta tsawon sa’o’i uku. Bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, an kawo igwa, wanda kuma ya kasa burge katangar ko kuma ya yi sanadin jikkatar mutanen Long. Koyaya, igwa na biyu ya kawo daga baya ya lalata kariyar Fort Mary. [11]
A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 1881, rundunar sojan ta gano cewa ruwanta ya yi ƙasa. [8] [12] An ba da ruwa na ɗan lokaci har sai da ruwan sama a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu ya kawo agaji. [12]
A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, 1881, Boers ya yi nasarar cinna wuta a kan rufin da aka yi da katako na Fort Mary. Sojojin Birtaniyya sun yi nasarar kashe wutar cikin mintuna ashirin amma ana yin haka sai suka gamu da mummunar gobarar Boer. [13]
A ranar 10 ga watan Maris, Boers biyu sun shiga Lydenburg tare da wasiƙa daga Alfred Aylward, suna ba da sharuɗɗan mika wuya ga Burtaniya. Aylward ya ce Long ya kamata ya mika wuya saboda kankantar umarninsa kuma kasancewar babu sojojin Biritaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, kusa da Lydenburg, da ke akwai don ragewa da kewaye. Dogon ya amsa da cewa ba zai miƙa wuya ba matukar yana da mazaje a hannunsa ko sai an gaya masa akasin haka. [14]
A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, Boers ya sake shiga Lydenburg, yana sanar da Dogon mutuwar Manjo-Janar George Colley a Dutsen Majuba, da kuma neman miƙa wuya ga Burtaniya. Duk da haka, kewayen ya ci gaba har zuwa 30 ga watan Maris 1881, lokacin da Lieutenant Baker, daga tsarin mulki na 60, ya amince da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Boers. An kwashe kwanaki 84 ana killace dasu. [1] [2]
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan kwace Lydenburg da wasu sansanonin Birtaniyya a Transvaal, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu ta sake samun 'yancin kai tare da iko da yankunanta. Sojojin Burtaniya za su sake shiga Lydenburg a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu.
Tushen waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- John Labad : Tawayen Transvaal: Yaƙin Boer na Farko, 1880-1881 (ISBN 978-0-582-77261-8 )
- Charles Norris-Newman : Tare da Boers a cikin Transvaal da Orange Free State 1880-1881ISBN 978-0-949973-18-4 )
- Francis Hugh De Souza: Tambayar cin amanar kasa (ISBN 978-0-620-32030-6 )
- Lady Bellair: Yaƙin Transvaal, 1880-81 (ISBN 978-1-163-12516-8 )
- Ian Castle: Majuba 1881: The Hill of DestinyISBN 978-1-85532-503-6 )
- M. Gough Palmer: Garuruwan da aka kewaye na Yaƙin Boer na Farko, 1880-1881
- Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Farko 1880-1881
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
The siege lasted eighty-four days.
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "ReferenceB" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
Long rejected a peace offering from the Boers and the siege only came to an end after 84 days.
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
The garrison at Lydenburg originally consisted of the 94th Regiment, but with the exception of a small detachment, the regiment was withdrawn on 5 December 1880.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedthe form - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
After 5 December 1880 fewer than a hundred soldiers under 24 year-old Lieutenant Walter Long were left in Lydenburg.
- ↑ Castle, Ian. Majuba 1881: The Hill of Destiny. Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 1996, ISBN 978-1-85532-503-6. p. 27.
- ↑ M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
He constructed a fort by erecting stone walls between a number of thatched-roofed huts which were covered with tarpaulins.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
Although Long improved the fort's defences, the water supply ran low by 23 January 1881.
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Sahistory defences" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSouza Long - ↑ 10.0 10.1 M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
An underground magazine was constructed in which over 200,000 rounds of ammunition, left behind by the 94th, was stored. Three months' supply of preserved meat, eight months' flour for bread making, and ample supplies of groceries and vegetables provided for a lengthy siege.
- ↑ M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
Approaching to within 250 yards (228 m) of the fort they opened fire, continuing for about 3 hours without harming the garrison. A cannon opened fire on the fort on 8 January but the shells passed harmlessly over. Later a second gun was used against the garrison which caused damage.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
On 23 January the water supply was found to be running short and the garrison was placed on short ration until a heavy rainfall on 8 February afforded relief.
- ↑ M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
On 4 March the enemy successfully set fire to the thatched roofs of the fort.
- ↑ M. Gough Palmer. "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
On the morning of 10 March, two men appeared under a flag of truce bearing a letter from Alfred Aylward, formerly editor of the Natal Witness (who had joined the Boer forces), offering favourable terms of capitulation, to which Lieutenant Long replied that he would continue to defend the Fort until he received instructions to the contrary.