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Khader Adnan

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YKhader Adnan Mohammad Musa (Arabic: خضر عدنان محمد موسى, romanized: Khaḍr ʿAdnān Muḥammad Mūsā‎; 24 March 1978 – 2 May 2023) was a Palestinian activist and prisoner in Israel who died after an 87-day hunger strike in protest of his detention without trial. By the time of his death, he had been arrested 12 times by Israel. He became prominent as a figure after a 66-day hunger strike in 2011 that led to a mass hunger strike among Palestinian prisoners and his ultimate release.[1]

A farkon shekarun 2000, Adnan ya kasance mai magana da yawun Jihad na Musulunci na Falasdinawa (PIJ), [2] ƙungiyar da ke adawa da Isra'ila, kuma an yanke Adnan hukunci saboda rawar da ya taka tare da kungiyar.[3] A shekara ta 2012, matarsa ta yi iƙirarin cewa bai kasance da hannu tare da PIJ ba har tsawon shekaru huɗu, kuma bai taɓa taka rawar gani a ayyukan yaƙi ba.[4]

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, an kama Adnan kuma an tsare shi a karkashin tsare-tsaren gudanarwa, kuma washegari, don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin kama shi, manufofin Isra'ila na tsare-tsare na gudanarwa da kuma yadda yake bi da Falasdinawa a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila, ya shiga yajin aikin yunwa. Yayinda kungiyoyin fursunonin Palasdinawa suka yi yajin aikin yunwa a baya, Adnan ya zama na farko da ya fara yajin aikin abinci.[5] A cewar Adnan, an soke ziyarar Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya bayan jami'an Isra'ila sun dage kan kasancewa a wurin kuma Adnan ya kasance a ɗaure a gadonsa.[6] A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2012, Isra'ila ta amince da sakin Adnan a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, kuma nan da nan ya amince da kawo karshen yajin aikin yunwa a kwanaki 66, sannan ya fi tsayi a tarihin Palasdinawa.[7][8]

An tsare Adnan a karo na karshe a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2023, kuma nan da nan ya fara abin da zai zama yajin aikin yunwa mafi tsawo.[1] Jaridar Isra'ila Amira Hass ta rubuta cewa manufarsa ita ce "don fallasa rashin adalci na asali a cikin tsarin shari'ar soja na Isra'ila da kuma ƙin yarda da 'yanci na asali".[1] Ya mutu a kurkuku a ranar 2 ga Mayu, bayan ya kwashe kimanin shekaru takwas a tsare-tsaren Isra'ila.

Rayuwa ta farko da iyali

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Khader Adnan ya fito ne daga Jenin" id="mwbA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arraba, Jenin">Arraba, kusa da Jenin a Yammacin Kogin, inda ya mallaki gidan burodi da kantin sayar da kayayyaki.[9][10] Mai yin burodi ta hanyar kasuwanci, ya sami digiri na farko a lissafi daga Jami'ar Birzeit. [11][12] A shekara ta 1996, a matsayin dalibi, ya shiga cikin kungiyar Jihad ta Musulunci a Falasdinu (PIJ), daga ƙarshe ya zama mai magana da yawun kungiyar.

Adnan ya auri matarsa Randa Adnan a shekara ta 2005, lokacin da aka tsare shi sau biyar saboda alakarsa da PIJ. [13] Ya gaya mata kafin su yi aure cewa, "rayuwarsa ba ta da kyau, cewa yana iya kasancewa a kusa da kwanaki 15 sannan ya sake tafiya na dogon lokaci. Amma koyaushe ina mafarkin auren wani mai ƙarfi, wanda ke gwagwarmaya don kare kasarsa".[13]

Randa ta haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa a shekarar 2012, kuma a ƙarshen 2013 ta haifi' ya'ya uku.[14] Ya zuwa 2021, Adnan yana da yara tara.[15]

Farkon tsare-tsare, 1999-2010

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Isra'ila ce ta fara kama Adnan kuma ta tsare shi a shekarar 1999, [16] lokacin da ya kwashe watanni hudu a karkashin tsare-tsaren gudanarwa na Isra'ila. Hukumar Falasdinawa (PNA) ta kama shi watanni takwas bayan an sake shi saboda ya jagoranci zanga-zangar dalibai a kan Lionel Jospin a shekara ta 2000.[16] A lokacin zanga-zangar, dalibai sun jefa ƙwai ko duwatsu ga tsohon Firayim Ministan Faransa yayin ziyarar da ya kai Birzeit don nuna rashin amincewarsa da ayyukan soja na Hezbollah a kan mamayar Isra'ila a matsayin "ta'addanci". [16] Yajin aikin yunwa na farko, na kwanaki 10, an yi shi ne yayin da PNA ta tsare shi.[17] Isra'ila ta sake kama shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002 kuma ya kwashe shekara guda a tsare-tsaren gudanarwa.[16] An sake kama shi watanni shida bayan an sake shi, an sanya shi a cikin kurkuku kuma ya yi yajin aikin yunwa na kwanaki 28 har sai Hukumar Kula da Kurkuku ta Isra'ila ta sanya shi tare da yawan mutanen kurkuku. [16][13][16]

A watan Yunin 2005, bayan da aka kashe mambobin PIJ a wani harbi da sojojin Isra'ila, Adnan "ya kira dukkan kungiyoyin mayakan Palasdinawa da su ci gaba da fada da Isra'ila" kuma ya zargi hukumar da ke mulki, PNA, da hada kai da Isra'ilawa. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2005, Isra'ila ta kama Adnan kuma ta daure shi na tsawon watanni 15.[16] A cewar kungiyar goyon bayan fursunonin Palasdinawa Addameer, ya gudanar da yajin aikin yunwa na kwanaki 12 don nuna rashin amincewa da warewarsa a Kfar Yona a shekara ta 2005.[18] Wani bidiyon YouTube na wani taro a shekara ta 2007 ya nuna shi yana yabon kuma yana ƙarfafa bama-bamai masu kashe kansa: "Wane daga cikinsu zai ɗauki belin fashewa na gaba? Wanene daga cikinsu zai harbe harsasai na gaba? " Isra'ila ce ta tsare shi har tsawon watanni shida a tsare-tsaren gudanarwa tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008. [16][19]

Tsayawa da yajin aikin yunwa na 2011

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Adnan yajin aikin yunwa na 2011-2012 kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane-zane na 2012 na Carlos Latuff

A lokacin da aka kama shi a shekara ta 2011, Adnan bai kasance mai magana da yawun PIJ ba.[13] Isra'ila ta yanke Adnan hukunci a baya saboda kasancewa mai magana da yawun PIJ, [13] kuma rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai sun nuna cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da akawun PIJ. [20] A cikin 2012, Gulf News ya ce ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun kungiyar tun shekara ta 2000, yayin da The Guardian ta ce ya yi aikin a matsayin mai gabatar da kara ga PIJ a baya.[16]

A wannan lokacin, an tsare Adnan kusan sau 10 tun lokacin - sau bakwai ta Isra'ila (ciki har da tsarewarsa ta ƙarshe), kuma sau biyu ko uku ta PNA.[16][13] Addameer ya ce Adnan ya kwashe jimlar shekaru shida a kurkuku tun 1999. [18] Tsakanin lokacin da yake kurkuku Adnan ya ci gaba da gudanar da gidan burodi a Arraba.[21]

  1. ↑ "Palestinian hunger striker Khader Adnan dies in Israeli prison". Al-Jazeera. 2 May 2023. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023.
  2. ↑ "Islamic jihad leader held in West Bank; Israeli troops kill one man in Gaza". Al Arabiya. 17 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Islamic Jihad rallies in Ramallah". Middle East Online. 24 June 2005. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012.
  4. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (2023-05-02). "Senior member of Islamic Jihad dies in Israeli prison after 86-day hunger strike". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
  5. ↑ Hass, Amira (2023-05-04). "Adnan's Lone Strike Exposed the Difficulties of Collective Palestinian Struggle - Israel News". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2023-05-06. The fact that he reached 86 days without food or medicine – his longest hunger strike – indicates not only his determination, but also Israeli authorities’ conscious decision to avoid compromising with him even if it leads to his death… Since 1967, there’ve been several mass hunger strikes by Palestinian prisoners in protest of harsh prison conditions. At the end of 2011, Adnan was the first to go on a personal hunger strike against his administrative detention. His strike received a tremendous amount of attention, and he was eventually released – only to be arrested again three years later, and then again in 2018 and 2021… Adnan’s mission to expose the basic injustice in Israel’s military justice system and its casual denial of basic freedoms… His individual strikes have been successful to some extent: His 2011-2012 individual hunger strike led to a general hunger strike by Palestinian prisoners demanding an end to administrative detentions and an improvement to deteriorating prison conditions. This strike led to a decrease in the number of Palestinians in administrative detention that year, from about 310 in January 2012 to 160 in November. Yet since then the number has climbed again.
  6. ↑ "Adnan: 'The more they torture me, the more determined I become'". IMEMC News (in Turanci). 16 June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  7. ↑ Cassel, Matthew. "'No food without freedom'". www.aljazeera.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
  8. ↑ "Islamic jihad leader held in West Bank; Israeli troops kill one man in Gaza". Al Arabiya. 17 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  9. ↑ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (17 February 2012). "Thousands rally for Khader Adnan". Ma'an News Agency. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013.
  10. ↑ "Islamic Jihad rallies in Ramallah". Middle East Online. 24 June 2005. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012.
  11. ↑ Macintyre, Donald (17 February 2012). "Khader Adnan: The West Bank's Bobby Sands". The Independent (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022.
  12. ↑ "16 Injured, 4 arrested during solidarity with hunger striking Palestinian – Bikya Masr". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Rahman, Omar. "Randa Adnan: 'I still have hope'". www.aljazeera.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  14. ↑ Pollard, Ruth (19 February 2012). "Hunger striker shines light on Israeli detention policy". The Sydney Morning Herald (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  15. ↑ "Israel detains senior Islamic Jihad leader in West Bank". www.aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 "Khader Adnan no stranger to hunger strikes". Gulf News (in Turanci). 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022.
  17. ↑ Taleb, Fares; AbuSaada, Fadi (22 February 2012). "Victory of Hunger Striker Khader Adnan Partial". english.al-akhbar.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Khader Adnan Mohammad Musa Profile". Archived from the original on 11 May 2012.. Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights Association.
  19. ↑ Hadid, Diaa (2012-02-22). "Palestinian hunger striker held by Israel agrees to end protest, will be freed on April 17". Associated Press. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  20. ↑ "Palestinian prisoner Khader Adnan on hunger strike for 55 days". Middle East Eye (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  21. ↑ "Islamic jihad leader held in West Bank; Israeli troops kill one man in Gaza". Al Arabiya. 17 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
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