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Khafre

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Khafre
Pharaoh

2570 "BCE" - 2530 "BCE"
← Djedefre (en) Fassara - Menkaure (en) Fassara →
Rayuwa
Haihuwa 2612 "BCE"
ƙasa Tsohuwar Masar
Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar
Mutuwa 2530 "BCE"
Makwanci Pyramid of Khafre (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Khufu
Mahaifiya Henutsen
Abokiyar zama Meresankh III (en) Fassara
Khamerernebty I (en) Fassara
Hekenuhedjet (en) Fassara
Persenet (en) Fassara
Yara
Ahali Djedefhor (en) Fassara da Khufukhaf I (en) Fassara
Yare Fourth Dynasty of Egypt (en) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'a sarki

Khafre ( KAFF-ray ) [lower-alpha 1] ko Chephren [lower-alpha 1] (c. 2500) BC) tsohon sarkin Masar ne wanda shine Fir'auna na huɗu na Daular Hudu, a farkon rabin zamanin Tsohon Mulki (c. 2700-2200). BC). Shi ɗan Fir'auna Khufu ne, kuma ya gaji ɗan'uwansa Djedefre kan karaga.

Babban dala na Khafre a Giza, Pyramid na Khafre, ya wuce na mahaifinsa kawai ( Babban Dala ). An kuma gina masa Babban Sphinx na Giza, a cewar yawancin masu binciken Masar . [1] Ba a san da yawa game da Khafre ban da rahotanni na Herodotus, wani ɗan tarihi na Girka wanda ya rubuta shekaru 2,000 bayan haka.

Iyali

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Sunan Cartouche Kha'afre a cikin Jerin Sarki na Abydos

Khafre ɗan sarki Khufu ne kuma ɗan'uwa kuma magajin Djedefre . [1] Wasu suna tunanin Khafre dan Sarauniya Meritites I ne saboda wani rubutu da aka ce ya girmama ta.

Kings-wife, his beloved, devoted to Horus, Mertitytes.
King's-wife, his beloved, Mertitytes; beloved of the Favorite of
the Two Goddesses; she who says anything whatsoever and it is done
for her. Great in the favor of Snefr[u]; great in the favor
of Khuf[u], devoted to Horus, honored under Khafre. Merti[tyt]es.

[Mai nono; Bayanan da]

Wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa rubutun kawai ya nuna cewa wannan sarauniya ta mutu a zamanin Khafre. Khafre na iya zama ɗan Sarauniya Henutsen maimakon. [2]

Khafre yana da mata da yawa kuma yana da aƙalla ’ya’ya maza 12 da ’ya’ya mata 3 ko 4.

  • Sarauniya Meresankh III 'yar Kawab da Hetepheres II ce kuma 'yar ƙanwar Khafre ce. Ita ce mahaifiyar 'ya'yan Khafre Nebemakhet, Duaenre, Niuserre da Khentetka, da diya mai suna Shepsetkau.
  • Sarauniya Khamerernebty I ita ce mahaifiyar Menkaure da babbar sarauniya Khamerernebty II .
  • Hekenuhedjet matar Khafre ce. An ambaci ta a cikin kabarin ɗanta Sekhemkare .
  • Wataƙila Persenet ta kasance matar Khafre bisa ga wurin kabarinta. Ita ce mahaifiyar Nikaure . [1]

An san sauran yaran Khafre, amma ba a gano uwaye mata ba. Sauran 'ya'yan sun hada da Ankhmare, Akhre, Iunmin, da Iunre . Ana kuma san ƙarin 'ya'ya mata biyu masu suna Rekhetre da Hemetre . [1]

Mulki

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Sarki Khafre. Gidan kayan tarihi na Ägyptisches Georg Steindorff, Leipzig

Babu yarjejeniya kan ranar mulkinsa. Wasu marubuta sun ce tsakanin 2558 BC zuwa 2532 BC. Yayin da Tsawon Sarkin Turin na mulkinsa ba komai bane, kuma Manetho ya yi karin haske game da mulkinsa na shekaru 66, yawancin malamai sun yi imanin cewa yana tsakanin shekaru 24 zuwa 26, dangane da ranar Wasiyyar Yarima Nekure wanda aka zana a bangon wannan. Kabarin Mastaba Prince. An rubuta wasiƙar ba tare da sunanta ba zuwa Shekarar ƙidaya ta 12 kuma ana ɗauka na Khafre ne tun Nekure ɗansa ne. Ranar mafi girman shekara ta Khafre ita ce "Shekarar da ta faru ta 13" wanda aka zana kwanan wata a bayan dutsen casing mallakar mastaba G 7650. [3] Wannan yana nufin sarauta na shekaru 24-25 ga wannan sarki idan adadin shanu ya kasance a shekara-shekara a lokacin daular Hudu.

Dala hadaddun

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Zana hadadden pyramid na Khafre. Hanyar hanya ta haɗa Haikali na Kwarin (kasa-dama) zuwa Haikali na Pyramid (a sama-hagu). Hoton da aka ɗauka a cikin 1910.
Dala na Khafre da Babban Sphinx
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan.
  2. ↑ Tyldesley, Joyce.
  3. ↑ Anthony Spalinger, Dated Texts of the Old Kingdom, SAK 21 (1994), p.287

Khafre ya gina dala na biyu mafi girma a Giza . Sunan Masarawa na dala shine Wer (en) -Khafre wanda ke nufin "Khafre mai girma ne". [1]

Dala tana da dala na reshe, mai lakabin G2-a . Ba a bayyana wanda aka binne a wurin ba. An sami hatimi na babban ɗan Sarki na jikinsa da dai sauransu da sunan Horus na Khafre. [1]

Temple Temple

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Haikalin kwari na Khafre yana kusa da Kogin Nilu kuma zai tsaya kusa da haikalin Sphinx. An samo rubutun daga hanyar shiga da suka ambaci Hathor da Bubastis. An samo tubalan da ke nuna ragowar wani rubutu mai suna Horus Khafre (Weser-ib). Mariette ta gano mutum-mutumi na Khafre a 1860. An gano wasu da dama a cikin wata rijiya a kasa kuma ba su da kai. Amma an kuma gano wasu cikakkun mutum-mutumin. [1]

Gidan gawawwaki

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Haikalin gawarwakin yana kusa da dala sosai. Daga cikin haikalin gawarwakin an sami gutsuttsura na maceheads da aka rubuta da sunan Khafre da kuma wasu tasoshin duwatsu. [1]

Babban Haikalin Sphinx da Sphinx

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An ce sphinx har zuwa lokacin Khafre. Wannan yana samun goyan bayan kusancin sphinx zuwa hadadden haikalin dala na Khafre, da wani kamanni (duk da lalacewa) ga tsarin fuskar da aka gani a cikin mutum-mutuminsa. Mai yiwuwa Babban Sphinx na Giza an zana shi azaman mai kula da dala na Khafre, kuma a matsayin alamar ikon sarauta. Ya zama allahntaka a lokacin Sabuwar Mulkin.

Khafre a cikin tsohuwar al'adun Girka

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Tsohon masanin tarihin Masar Manetho mai suna Khafre " Sûphis II ". kuma ya ba shi sarauta na shekaru 66, amma bai sake yin wani sharhi game da shi ba. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Sabanin masanan Masarawa na zamani da binciken binciken archaeological, masana tarihin Girka Diodorus da Herodotus, sun rubuta fiye da shekaru 2,000 bayan Sarki Khafre, sun nuna shi a matsayin azzalumi wanda ya bi mahaifinsa Khêops a kan karagar mulki. Herodotus da Diodorus sun ce Khafre ya yi mulki na shekaru 56. [2] [3]

Sun bayyana wani sarki Menkaure (wanda suke kira "Mykerînós") a matsayin mabiyin Khafre kuma wannan sarki shine takwaransa na magabatansa biyu: Herodotus ya kwatanta Menkaure a matsayin mai kawo salama da tsoron Allah a Masar. [2] [3] [4]


Daga cikin dukkan sarakunan Tsohon Mulkin, Khafre yana nuna alamar mafi girman adadin mutum-mutumi. Kusan dukkansu sun fito ne daga Giza, wani bangare daga necropolis na hukuma a can, amma galibi daga yankin da ke kusa da ginin haikalin dala na Khafre. A cikin wani babban falo na haikalin kwari, an yi baƙin ciki 23 a cikin ƙasa, wanda asalinsa mutum-mutumi masu girman rai ya tsaya. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ɓacin rai ya fi na sauran, ƙila an sami mutum-mutumi guda biyu a nan. An bayyana cewa wadannan mutum-mutumi guda 24 suna da alaka da sa'o'in ranar. An cire dukkan wadannan mutum-mutumi daga inda suke a wani lokaci bayan mulkin Khafre. Auguste Mariette ya sami tara daga cikinsu a lokacin tono a cikin 1860 (Inv.No. CG 9 to CG 17) [21] da gutsuttsura na goma (CG 378) [22] a cikin rami a cikin haikalin kwari. Wadannan mutum-mutumin yanzu suna cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Masar a Alkahira.

Bayanan kula

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Porter, Bertha and Moss, Rosalind, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings Volume III: Memphis, Part I Abu Rawash to Abusir.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Siegfried Morenz: Traditionen um Cheops.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dietrich Wildung: Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wolfgang Helck: Geschichte des Alten Ägypten (= Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. 1.; Chapter 1: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten, vol 1.).
  5. ↑ Aidan Dodson: Monarchs of the Nile.

Kara karantawa

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  • James H. Breasted, Tsohon Tarihin Masar, Sashe na I, §§ 192, (1906) akan 'The Will of Nekure'.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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