Khoekhoe
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
Namibiya, Afirka ta kudu, Botswana da German South-West Africa (en)  | |
| Addini | |
| Kiristanci | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
| indigenous peoples of Africa (en) |
Khoikhoi (/ˈkɔɪkɔɪ) (ko Khoe a cikin rubutun Namibian) su ne al'adun makiyaya na al'ada na asalin Afirka ta Kudu. Sau da yawa ana haɗa su tare da masu farauta-mai tarawa San (a zahiri "masu cin abinci"), kalmar da aka yarda da ita ga mutane biyu ita ce Khoisan. Sunan "Khoikhoi" a zahiri kare ne ko adireshin yabo, ba sunan kabilanci ba, amma an yi amfani da shi a cikin wallafe-wallafen a matsayin kalmar kabilanci ga mutanen da ke magana da harshen Khoe na Kudancin Afirka, musamman kungiyoyin makiyaya, kamar Inqua, Griqua, Gonaqua, Nama, Attequa. Khoekhoe an taɓa saninsu da Hottentots, kalmar da yanzu ake la'akari da ƙyama.
Ana tsammanin Khoekhoe ya bambanta da sauran mutane shekaru 100,000 zuwa 200,000 da suka wuce. A cikin karni na 17, Khoekhoe sun kula da manyan garken shanu na Nguni a yankin Cape Yawancinsu sun daina yin kiwo a ƙarni na 19 zuwa 20.
Khoe Harshen Khoekhoe yana da alaƙa da wasu yaruka da ake magana da su ta hanyar neman Mutanen San na Kalahari, kamar Khwe da Tshwa, suna samar da dangin yaren Khoe. Yankunan Khoekhoe a yau sune Mutanen Nama na Namibia, Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu (tare da dangin da yawa), Damara na Namibia, dangin Orana na Afirka ta Kudu, dangin Khoemana ko Griqua na Afirka ta Tsakiya, da dangin Gqunukhwebe ko Gona waɗanda suka fada ƙarƙashin siyasar Xhosa.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kisan kiyashi a Jamus ta Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga 1904 zuwa 1907, Jamusawa sun dauki makamai a kan ƙungiyar Khoekhoe da ke zaune a cikin abin da ke Jamus ta Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka, tare da Herero. Fiye da 10,000 Nama, fiye da rabin yawan mutanen Nama a lokacin, na iya mutuwa a cikin rikici. Wannan shi ne kisan kiyashi mafi girma da mutanen Khoekhoe suka taba gani.[1] Baya ga mutuwar Nama da Herero, Damara ba a san su ba ne wadanda kisan kare dangi wadanda suka rasa kusan kashi 57% na yawan jama'arsu.[2]
A matsayin 'yan asalin Afirka, Khoekhoe da sauran masu fata mai duhu, an zalunta kungiyoyin' yan asalin ƙasar kuma an mallake su a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata. Musamman, wasu suna la'akari da Khoekhoe da kabilun da suka danganci su sun kasance wasu daga cikin kungiyoyin da aka fi warewa a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, kamar yadda shugaban Afirka ta Kudu na baya Jacob Zuma ya ambata a cikin jawabinsa na shekarar 2012.[3]
Wasu Khoekhoe a Afirka ta Kudu an rarraba su a matsayin "Launi" a karkashin wariyar launin fata. Duk da yake wannan yana nufin cewa an ba su wasu gata da ba a ba wa mutanen da aka dauka "baƙi" ba (kamar ba za su iya ɗaukar littafin wucewa), har yanzu suna ƙarƙashin nuna bambanci, rarrabewa, da sauran nau'ikan zalunci. Wannan ya haɗa da tilasta ƙaura da Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya ta haifar, wanda ya raba iyalai da al'ummomi. Halakar al'ummomin tarihi da kuma sanyawa na "launi" (ba tare da la'akari da duk wani nau'i na al'adun mutanen Khoekhoe ko ƙananan rukuni) ya ba da gudummawa ga share asalin da al'adun Khoekhoe, wanda mutanen Khoekhoee na zamani har yanzu ke aiki don rushewa.[4]
wariyar launin fata ta ƙare a cikin 1994 kuma haka ma sunan launin fata "Launi".
Zamanin zamani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan wariyar launin fata, masu gwagwarmayar Khoekhoe sun yi aiki don dawo da al'adun da suka ɓace, da kuma tabbatar da alakarsu da ƙasar. Kungiyoyin Khoekhoe da Khoisan sun kawo shari'o'i a kotun da ke neman maidowa don 'kisan kare dangi na al'adu da nuna bambanci ga al'ummar Khoisan', da kuma haƙƙin ƙasa da dawo da gawawwakin Khoesan daga gidajen tarihi na Turai.[4]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Jeremy Sarkin-Hughes (2008) Colonial Genocide and Reparations Claims in the 21st Century: The Socio-Legal Context of Claims under International Law by the Herero against Germany for Genocide in Namibia, 1904–1908, p. 142, Praeger Security International, Westport, Conn. ISBN 978-0-313-36256-9
- ↑ "The Damara and the Genocide". www.rosalux.co.za. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ↑ Zuma, Jacob. "2012 – President Zuma, State of the Nation Address, 09 February 2012". sahistory.org. South African History Online. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- 1 2 Mitchell, Francesca. "Khoisan Identity". sahistory.org. South African History Online. Retrieved 7 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
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