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Kimiyya da fasaha a Ukraine

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Kimiyya da fasaha a Ukraine
Wikipedia overview article (en) Fassara da Tarihin kimiyya da fasaha
Bayanai
Bangare nascience and technology in Europe (en) Fassara
ƘasaUkraniya, Kungiyar Sobiyet, Ukrainian People's Republic (en) Fassara da Kievan Rus' (en) Fassara
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 49°N 32°E / 49°N 32°E / 49; 32

Kimiyya da fasaha a Ukraine suna da ci gaban zamani da asalin tarihi a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19 kuma suna da alaƙa, da farko, da Kwalejin Kyiv Mohyla, Jami'ar Kyiv da Jami'ar Kharkiv. Kafa babban cibiyar bincike ta Ukraine, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Ukraine, a cikin Shekaran 1918 ta Volodymyr Vernadsky ta nuna muhimmiyar mahimmanci a ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na kasar.

Kimiyya ta sararin samaniya ta Ukraine ta ci gaba da sauri bayan yakin duniya na biyu, tare da Korolyov da Chelomey suna jagorantar roket da ci gaban sararin samaniya a Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin Space Race.

Ukraine ta kasance a matsayi na 66 a cikin Global Innovation Index a cikin 2025, daga 57th a cikin 2023, da 49th a cikin 2021.[1]

Shahararrun mutane

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Saturn AL-31 iyali ne na injunan turbofan na soja, wanda Lyulka ya haɓaka a Tarayyar Soviet
  • Mikhail Ostrogradsky (1801 - 1862), masanin lissafi da aka sani da Divergence theorem da rashin daidaituwa na Ostrogradosky, da sauran sakamakon.
  • Mykhaylo Maksymovych (1804 - 1873), masanin tsire-tsire, masanin tarihi, masanin harshe, masanin ilimin lissafi, shugaban farko na Jami'ar Kyiv.
  • Vladimir Betz (1834 - 1894), masanin ilimin jikin mutum, masanin ilimin histology. Dubi tantanin halitta na Betz.
  • Ilya Mechnikov (1845 - 1916), masanin ilimin dabbobi, ya ba da kyautar Nobel ta 1908 a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani "don nuna godiya ga aikin su kan rigakafi".
  • Ivan Puluj (1845 - 1918), masanin kimiyyar lissafi, mai kirkiro. Mai haɓaka na farko na amfani da X-rays don hotunan likita.
  • Ivan Horbachevsky (1854 - 1942), masanin sunadarai. Dubi Xanthine oxidase.
  • Volodymyr Vernadsky (1863 - 1945), masanin ilimin ma'adinai da masanin ilimin ƙasa, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban farko na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ukraine.
  • Georgy Voronoy (1868 - 1908), masanin lissafi. Dubi zane na Voronoi.
  • Stephen Timoshenko (1878 - 1972), injiniya. Dubi Ka'idar Timoshenko.
  • Ivan Schmalhausen (1884 - 1963), masanin ilimin juyin halitta, masanin ilimin dabbobi, ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a ci gaban juyin halitta na zamani.
  • Igor Sikorsky (1889 - 1972), majagaba na jirgin sama.
  • Mikhail Kravchuk (kuma Krawtchouk) (1892 - 1942), masanin lissafi. Dubi Kravchuk polynomials, Kravchuk matrix.
  • Valery Glivenko (1896 - 1940), masanin lissafi. Dubi Glivenko-Cantelli theorem, Glivenko's theorem, glivenko-Stone theorem.
  • Yuri Kondratyuk (1897 - 1942), masanin lissafi, injiniya. Ya kirkiro Lunar Orbit Rendezvous na farko da aka sani.
  • Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900 - 1975), masanin kwayoyin halitta, masanin ilimin juyin halitta. Dubi samfurin Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller .
  • George Kistiakowsky (1900 - 1982), farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Harvard wanda ya shiga cikin aikin Manhattan kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya na Shugaba Dwight D. Eisenhower.
  • Olexander Smakula (1900 - 1983), masanin kimiyyar lissafi. Mai kirkirar rigakafin ruwan tabarau mai nunawa wanda ya dogara da tsangwama ta gani.
  • Aleksandr Markevich (1905 - 1999), masanin ilimin dabbobi, masanin ilimin kwayar cuta, wanda ya kafa makarantun Ukrainian na ilimin kwayar cutar da ilimin dabbobi.
  • Oleg Antonov (1906 - 1984), mai tsara jirgin sama, kuma shugaban farko na Antonov - sanannen kamfanin jirgin sama a duniya a Ukraine.
  • Sergei Korolyov (1907 - 1966), masanin kimiyyar roka, babban mai tsara Shirin sararin samaniya na Soviet. Dubi Voskhod, Vostok, Soyuz.
  • Valentin Glushko (1908 - 1989), masanin kimiyyar roka. Dubi RD-214, RD-270, NPO Energomash .
  • Arkhip Lyulka (1908 - 1984), injiniyan injiniya. Dubi Lyulka AL-21, Saturn AL-31, NPO Saturn.
  • Nikolay Bogolyubov (1909 - 1992), masanin lissafi kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi wanda aka sani da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ka'idar filin lissafi, injiniyoyin lissafi na gargajiya da na lissafi, da ka'idar tsarin ƙarfi.
  • Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909 - 2001), injiniya, jagorar mai haɓaka Shirin jirgin sararin samaniya na Buran.
  • Nikolai Amosov (1913 - 2002), likita, likitan zuciya, mai kirkiro.
  • Olexiy Ivakhnenko (1913 - 2007), masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, masanin lissafi. Dubi Hanyar rukuni na sarrafa bayanai.
  • Vladimir Chelomey (1914 - 1984), masanin kimiyyar roka. Dubi roket din Proton.
  • Borys Paton (1918), masanin injiniya, shugaban dogon lokaci na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Ukraine.
  • Vladimir Marchenko (1922-2026), masanin lissafi. Dubi Rarrabawar Marchenko-Pastur.
  • Victor Glushkov (1923 - 1982), wanda ya kafa fasahar bayanai a Tarayyar Soviet, kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa cybernetics.
  • Plato Kostiuk (1924 - 2010), masanin ilimin lissafi, masanin ilimin jijiyoyi, masanin kimiyyar lantarki, kuma masanin kimiwyar halittu.
  • Anatoliy Skorokhod (1930 - 2011), masanin lissafi. Dubi Skorokhod integral, Skorokrod sarari, Skorakhod's embedding theorem.
  • Oleksandr Sharkovsky (1936), masanin lissafi. Dubi Ka'idar Sharkovskii.
  • Leonid Pastur (1937), masanin lissafi. Dubi Rarrabawar Marchenko-Pastur.
  • Leonid Levin (1948), masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, masanin lissafi. Dubi Cook-Levin theorem (NP-Cikakken NP Matsalar gamsarwa ta boolean).
  • Rostislav Grigorchuk (1953), masanin lissafi. Dubi Kungiyar Grigorchuk.
  • Vladimir Drinfeld (1954), masanin lissafi. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Fields a shekarar 1990. Dubi rukuni na Quantum, daidaitattun Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson.
  • Yury Gogotsi (1961), masanin sunadarai.
  • Maryna Viazovska (1984), masanin lissafi, ta warware Matsalar kunshe-kunshe a cikin girman 8, kuma, tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu, a cikin girman 24.  
  • Maurice Goldhaber (1911-2011), masanin kimiyyar lissafi, ya ƙayyade ƙarancin neutrinos.

Gyara zuwa tsarin shari'a don kimiyya da fasaha, 2015-2019

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Tun daga shekara ta 2015, gwamnati ta sake fasalin gudanar da tsarin kirkire-kirkire na kasa. An soke Hukumar Kimiyya, Innovation da Bayanai ta Jiha, tare da canja wurin duk ayyukan da suka shafi tsara manufofi ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Kimiyya, kodayake wasu ma'aikatu da hukumomi suma suna ba da kuɗin jihar ga takamaiman ayyukan.[2]

An canza tsarin shari'ar Ukraine sosai a ƙarshen 2015 tare da karɓar sabbin dokoki da ke ƙarfafa tallafin ma'aikata ga tsarin kirkire-kirkire na ƙasa. Dokar Ayyukan Kimiyya da Fasaha (2015) ta sanya Majalisar Kasa don Ci gaban Kimiyya da Tattalin Arziki a ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Ministoci. An ba da alhakin majalisa don tabbatar da hadin gwiwar wakilai daga al'ummar kimiyya, hukumomin jihohi da bangaren kasuwanci a shirye-shirye da aiwatar da manufofin jihar da suka shafi.[3]

Bugu da kari, Asusun Bincike na Kasa (2015) ya maye gurbin Asusun Bishara na Jiha, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Kimiyya. Babban aikin sabon asusun shine samar da tallafin gasa don bincike na asali da aikace-aikace. An kuma ba da izinin asusun don tallafawa ci gaban gwaji da kirkire-kirkire a wuraren da suka fi dacewa.[2]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025". WIPO. Retrieved 2025-10-16.
  2. 1 2 (T. ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ (T. ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
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