Kingdom of Kano
| Kingdom of Kano | |
|---|---|
| Sunan yanka | Samfuri:Native name |
Masarautar Kano Masarautar Hausa ce da ke tsakiyar Birnin Kano a arewacin Najeriya na zamani wanda aka kafa a kusa da 1000 AZ, kuma ya jimre har zuwa nasarar da aka samu a lokacin jihadi na Usman dan Fodio a cikin 1805. Bayan wannan, an maye gurbin daular ta da Fulani wanda ke ƙarƙashin Khalifancin Sokoto, kuma mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a yau a matsayin Majalisar Masarautar Kano, mulkin mallaka a Najeriya.
Yanayin jiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kano tana arewacin Jos Plateau, wanda ke cikin yankin Savanna na Sudan wanda ya shimfiɗa a kudancin Sahel. Birnin yana kusa da inda kogin Kano da Challawa da ke gudana daga kudu maso yamma suka haɗu don samar da Kogin Hadejia, wanda daga ƙarshe ya shiga cikin Tafkin Chadi zuwa gabas. A al'ada, aikin gona ya dogara ne akan ɗaga ruwa don ban ruwa ga ƙananan filayen ƙasa tare da tashoshin kogi a lokacin fari, wanda aka sani da tsarin Shadouf. A lokacin da masarautar ke bunƙasa, murfin itace zai kasance mafi girma kuma ƙasa ba ta lalace fiye da yadda take a yau.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Saninmu game da tarihin farko na Kano ya fito ne daga Tarihin Kano, tarin al'adun baki da wasu tsofaffin takardu da aka tsara a ƙarshen karni na 19, da kuma binciken archaeology da aka gudanar kwanan nan. Yankin ya kasance mazaunin sarakuna daban-daban, wato Sheme, Dala, da Santolo. An ce Dala tana da sarakuna shida kafin zuwan Bagauda.[2] :
A cikin karni na 7, Dala Hill shine shafin yanar gizon da ke aiki da ƙarfe. Ba a san ko waɗannan mutanen Hausa ne ko masu magana da yarukan Nijar-Congo ba. Wasu kafofin sun ce su masu farauta ne da ke magana da harshen Hausa da aka sani da AbaGaya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Gaya.[3] Har yanzu akwai ma'aikata a Kano a yau waɗanda ke kiran kansu Abagayawa kuma suna da'awar zuriya daga mazaunan farko na Kano. : 184 Abagayawa kuma sun yi aikin fasaha na magani, giya, harbi, drumming, ministersly da rawa. : 96 : 96 [4][5][6]
Masanin ilimin ƙasa na Larabawa al-Yaqubi, a rubuce a cikin 872/873 AZ (AH 259), ya bayyana masarautar da ake kira "HBShH" tare da birni mai suna "ThBYR" wanda sarki mai suna "MRH" ke mulki (babu ɗayan waɗannan kalmomi da aka yi amfani da su, don haka ainihin furcin su na iya bambanta), wanda ke tsakanin Nijar Bend da Masarautar Kanem . Idan an bayyana sunan masarautar a matsayin "Habasha" zai dace da wasu matani na harshen Larabci waɗanda suka bayyana suna nufin Hausa, kuma zai zama farkon ambaton yankin Hausa.
An san Kano da farko da suna Dala, bayan tudun, kuma an kira shi kamar haka a ƙarshen karni na 15 da farkon karni na 16 ta hanyar Bornoan. An sanya sunan tudun ne bayan wani mutum wanda ya gina gida a kansa. Ya zauna a can tare da matansa da 'ya'yansa. Ɗansa na fari, Gar__wol____wol____wol__, shi ne kakan Barbushe, sanannen babban firist na Dala. Barbushe babban mafarauci ne wanda 'ya kwashe giwaye da sandarsa kuma ya ɗauke su a kan kansa kusan kilomita tara.' Shi ne babban firist na Tsumburbura, allahn Kano. :(p108) Elizabeth Isichei ta lura cewa bayanin Barbushe yayi kama da na Mutanen Sao.
Zuwan Bagauda da kafa Kano
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A kusan ƙarni na 10, wasu ƙungiyoyin baƙi da dama sun iso Kano, ɗaya daga cikinsu ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani mutum mai suna Bagauda. Ana cewa shi zuriyar shahararren Bayajidda na Daura ne. Da farko ya zauna a Garazawa, wani yanki tsakanin Jakara da Damagaram. Daga nan sai ya mamaye Sheme (kimanin km 64 arewa-maso-yamma da Kunchi) bayan ya kayar da masu mulkin wurin a shekara ta 999 miladiyya\[a] sannan ya yi mulki a matsayin Sarkin Kano na farko har zuwa shekara ta 1063 miladiyya. An ba shi laƙabi da Yakano, daga inda ake cewa sunan masarautar ya samo asali:185 : 22 A cewar Kano Chronicle, Bagauda ya iso tare da Buram, Isa, Baba, Kududdufi, Akasa, “da wasu daga cikin manyan Kano” waɗanda dukkansu “’ya’yan sarauta” ne daga Daura. Sunayen nan har yanzu ana adana su a matsayin sarautun ’ya’yan sarakuna. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sarautun sun haɗa da: Dan Buram, Dan Isa, Dan Baba, Dan Akasan, Dan Kududdufi, Dan Darman, da Dan Goriba.
Jikan Bagauda Gijimasu (1095-1134), sarki na uku, ya kafa wani yanki a gindin Dala Hill wanda zai zama Kano. :(p271) Ya fara gina Ganuwar birni a kusa da ƙauyen, kuma ɗan Gijimasu, Tsaraki (1136-1194), sarki na biyar, ya kammala su a lokacin mulkinsa.[7] Daular Bagauda ta ci gaba da fadada masarautar ta hanyar cin nasarar al'ummomin da ke kusa. Sun kafa masu mulki da yawa, tare da lakabi da suka fara da "Dan", wanda mafi mahimmanci shine Dan Iya.[3] A shekara ta 1200, Kano ta fadada mulkinta a kan dukkan shugabannin da ke yankin ban da Santolo.[8] : 271 (p271)
Gabatar da Musulunci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sarautar Yaji I (1349-85) ta ga gabatar da Islama ga Kano ta Wangara. Jaridar Kano ta ce Yaji ta yarda da Islama kuma ta amince da gina Masallaci da kuma nada wasu Wangara zuwa mukamai na Addini. :: 327 Sarautarsa ta ga kammala mulkin Kano na siyasar da ke kewaye da shi, gami da cin nasarar Zamnagaba da kuma mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu. Tare da taimakon Wangara, Yaji ya ci Santolo kuma ya lalata cibiyar addini ta birnin, mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan addini na gargajiya. Yaji ya ci gaba da yin kamfen a kudu a kan Kwararafa, duk da haka ba tare da kammala ba yayin da suka biya haraji a cikin bayi amma sun ki yin alkawarin biyayya. 'Tarihin Kano' ya nuna wadannan rikice-rikice tsakanin Musulmi masu mulki da talakawa da ke bin addinan gargajiya (watau addinin Tsumbubura), duk da haka masana suna la'akari da wannan a matsayin sake fassara daga baya. : 271–272 : 271–272
Kanajeji, ɗan Yaji, ya yi mulki daga (1390-1410), kuma Tarihin Kano ya bayyana shi a matsayin "farin". :(p328) Ya ci gaba da manufofin fadada, kuma ya mallaki Zazzau, ya kashe sarkinsa a yaƙi. A lokacin mulkin Dauda (1421-38) wani yarima na Bornu ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kano tare da mallam da yawa, mai yiwuwa ya kawo ra'ayoyin gudanarwa yayin da lakabi galadima, chiroma, da kaigama suka fara amfani da su. : 272 (p272)
Ƙarshen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karni na 15 ya ga fadada kasuwanci a yankin, yayin da aka gina hanya daga Bornu zuwa Gonja a Ghana ta zamani, kuma Kano ta fitar da kwayoyi da bābānni yayin shigo da raƙuma da gishiri. Fulani ya zo yana kawo sabbin ayyukan ilimi, kuma wadatar Kano ta ja hankalin zuriyar Muhammadu da yawa [dubious - discuss] da kuma mashahurin malamin musulmi al-Maghili a matsayin mai mulki Musulunci. Duk da wannan wadata, mulkin Abdullahi Burja (1438-52) ya ga Kano ta fara biyan haraji ga Bornu.[9] : 272
Sarautar harem Muhammad Rumfa (1463-99) ta kula da sababbin abubuwa daban-daban, gami da ci gaba da ginawa a kan ganuwar birni, nadin bābān zuwa ofisoshin jihohi, kafa Kasuwar Kurmi a Kano, da kuma na majalisa na manyan masu rike da ofis guda tara ("Kana tara"). Ya kuma gina sabon fada (Gidan Rumfa), ya kafa mata 1000, kuma ya fara bikin Eid al-Fitr (ƙarshen Ramadan). Rumfa kuma ya kula da Yaƙin farko na Kano tare da Katsina wanda ya dauki shekaru 11 kuma ya ƙare ba tare da kammala ba. Wadanda suka gaje shi Abdullahi (1499-1509) da Muhammad Kisoki (1509-65) sun yi Yaƙi na biyu da Katsina, duk da haka duk da cin nasarar Zazzau shi ma ya ƙare ba tare da kammala ba. : 273 : 273
Raguwa da Faɗuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Muhammad Sharefa (1703–1731) and his successor, Kumbari dan Sharefa (1731–1743), da wanda ya gaje shi, Kumbari dan Sharefa (1731–1743), sun yi manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da Fulani. [ana buƙatar tushe] A wannan lokaci Kano ta kasance gari mai bunƙasa da ci gaba a ilimin lafiya da tattalin arziki mai yawa, duk da haka Katsina ta wuce ta wajen girma a cikin daulolin Hausa. Ana kera bindigogi da barkonon-gari a cikin gida, kuma garin Timbuktu yana dogaro da Sarki don kariya. Babban Zaki (1747–1771) ya ƙarfafa rundunar dawakan daular, tare da ƙara ƙarfin masu tsaron jikinsa. [10]:381,446–7
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kabiru Ahmed. "The Kano Physical Environment". Kano State Government. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
- ↑ Amadu, Mahdi (1984). "The Hausa and their neighbours in central Sudan". General History of Africa: Volume 4. UNESCO Publishing.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa. "Brief History of Kano 999 to 2003". Kano State Government. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-12. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "kstate" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa. "Brief History of Kano 999 to 2003". Kano State Government. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
- ↑ A. H. M. Kirk-Greene S. J. Hogben (1966-01-01). The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions. Internet Archive. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ J.F. Ade. Ajayi and Ian Espie (1965). A Thousand Years of West African History. Internet Archive. Ibadan University Press.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAmadu GHoA - ↑ Palmer, H. R. (1908). "The Kano Chronicle". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 38: 58–98. doi:10.2307/2843130. ISSN 0307-3114. JSTOR 2843130.
- ↑ Green, Toby (2020). A Fistful of Shells. UK: Penguin Books.