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Kisan Ann Ogilby

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Kisan Ann Ogilby
kisa
Bayanai
Ƙasa Birtaniya
Kwanan wata 24 ga Yuli, 1974

kisan Ann Ogilby, wanda aka fi sani da "kisan Romper Room", ya faru ne a Sandy Row, kudancin Belfast, Arewacin Ireland a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1974. Kisan azabtarwa ne, wanda mambobin kungiyar kare mata ta Sandy Row (UDA) suka gudanar. A lokacin UDA kungiya ce ta Ulster mai bin doka. Wanda aka azabtar, Ann Ogilby, [1] mahaifiyar Protestant mai zaman kanta ta yi mata duka har ta mutu daga 'yan mata biyu bayan an yanke musu hukuncin "rugujewa" (kalmar UDA don zaman azabtarwa sannan aka yi masa mummunan duka) a Kotun kangaroo.[2] Ogilby yana da alaƙa da kwamandan UDA mai aure, William Young, wanda kafin a kwantar da shi ya sa ta yi ciki. Matarsa, Elizabeth Young, ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar UDA ta mata ta Sandy Row. Ogilby ya yi maganganu masu banƙyama game da Elizabeth Young a cikin jama'a game da kayan abinci. Makonni takwas bayan Ogilby ta haifi ɗansu, ƙungiyar mata ta yanke shawarar cewa Ogilby za ta biya duka al'amarin da maganganu da rayuwarta. Kashegari bayan "trial" na kotun kangaroo, sun shirya satar Ogilby da 'yarta mai shekaru shida, Sharlene, a waje da ofishin Social Services da mutumin UDA Albert "Bumper" Graham.

Wani rukuni na mata na UDA sai suka bi minibus wanda ya kai Ogilby da Sharlene zuwa wani gidan burodi da ba a amfani da shi a Hunter Street, Sandy Row; wannan ginin da ba shi da komai an canza shi zuwa kulob din UDA da "ɗakin mai fashewa". Bayan da Graham ya aika Sharlene zuwa shagon sayen kayan zaki, an sanya Ogilby ta zauna a kan benci kuma an sanya hoton a kan kanta. Matasa biyu, Henrietta Cowan da Christine Smith, suna aiki a kan umarnin da jagoran ƙungiyar, Elizabeth "Lily" Douglas, suka ba su a baya, sun ci gaba da doke Ogilby har zuwa mutuwa da tubali da sanduna. Yayin da Ogilby ta yi ihu kuma ta roki rayuwarta, Sharlene, wacce ta riga ta dawo daga shagon, ta ji mahaifiyarta ana doke ta kuma ana kashe ta. Wani rahoto na autopsy daga baya ya nuna cewa Ogilby ya ci gaba da bugawa 24 a kai da jiki, 14 daga cikinsu sun haifar da "mummunar karyewa ga yawancin kwanyar".

A cikin makonni bayan kisan, an kama mata goma da mutum daya dangane da kisan. An same su a watan Fabrairun 1975. Dukansu sai dai daya, wani ƙarami wanda aka dakatar da hukuncinsa, ya tafi kurkuku. Kisan ya haifar da mummunan fushi, firgici da tsoro a duk faɗin Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance na dogon lokaci a cikin tunanin jama'a har ma a lokacin da bama-bamai da kashe-kashen suka faru a yau da kullun. Kungiyar Binciken Tarihi (HET) ce ta binciki kisan Ann Ogilby wanda Ofishin 'yan sanda na Arewacin Ireland (PSNI) ya kafa don bincika kisan da aka fi rikitarwa da aka yi a lokacin Matsalar.

Abubuwan da suka haifar da kisan kai

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Ann Ogilby (an haife ta c.1942/1943 kuma wani lokacin ana kiranta Anne Ogilby), [3] wata budurwa Furotesta, ta koma Belfast daga Siyon Mills, County Tyrone a ranar da ba a kafa ta ba. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin yara 13 daga iyali matalauta. An bayyana ta a matsayin "yarinya kyakkyawa sosai tare da gashi mai launin ruwan kasa da idanu masu launin shudi", da kuma siffar mai laushi, ta fara salon rayuwa na ɗan lokaci, sauya adireshin ta da aikinta akai-akai.[4][5] Ayyukan da ta rike galibi matsayi ne mai albashi a ofisoshi da shaguna, kuma ana yawan korarta saboda rashin biyan kuɗin haya.[6][7][8] Kyakkyawan kyanta ya sa ta shahara da maza.[4] A cikin kimanin 1968 ta zama uwa marar aure, bayan da wani Sojan Burtaniya mai aure da ke zaune a Arewacin Ireland ya yi mata ciki wanda ya watsar da ita da ɗansu bayan an tura shi zuwa wani tashar aiki. Ta fara hulɗa tare da taron jama'a, kuma a watan Agustan 1972, ta sadu da William Young, wani ma'aurata mai matsayi na kungiyar Ulster Defence Association (UDA) wanda ta fada cikin soyayya kuma ta fara zama tare da shi a kudancin Belfast.[4] Young ya fito ne daga yankin Donegall Pass mai aminci kuma ya kasance kwamandan UDA na gida. Ya gaya wa Ogilby cewa aurensa ya riga ya rabu kuma ba a kammala kisan aurensa ba.[8] Ogilby a wannan lokacin yana da 'ya'ya uku daga maza biyu daban-daban: Sharlene, da tagwaye Stephen da Gary. An sanya yaran don tallafi bayan haihuwarsu, inda suka bar ɗanta na fari, 'yarta Sharlene, a cikin kulawarta. [4]

Sandy Row, kudancin Belfast, inda 'yan bindiga masu aminci koyaushe suna da karfi tun daga farkon kwanakin Matsalar

Yanayin jama'a

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Sandy Row wani yanki ne na ma'aikata na Furotesta na Ulster a kudancin tsakiyar birnin Belfast wanda ke da alaƙa da Orange Order wanda 12 ga Yuli ya faru da yawa wanda aka yi sananne da Orange Arches na gargajiya da aka gina don wannan lokacin.[9] Kafin ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 sake gina birane wanda ya fara a cikin shekarun 1980, layuka na gidaje masu tasowa na ƙarni na 19 sun kasance a kan tituna da tituna na baya waɗanda suka rabu da babbar hanyar kasuwanci. Sojojin Loyalist sun kasance suna aiki a can tun farkon kwanakin Matsalar. A shekara ta 1974, rikice-rikicen kabilanci da siyasa da aka yi tsakanin 'yan Protestant Unionists da' yan Katolika na Irish sun kai shekaru shida kuma ba su nuna alamar raguwa ba; bama-bamai, harbe-harbe, kisan kiyashi, tsoratarwa, faɗakarwar tsaro da sintiri na soja sun kasance fasalin rayuwar yau da kullun a Belfast da sauran Arewacin Ireland. Babu wani iyali a yankunan ma'aikata na Belfast wanda ya kasance ba tare da wata matsala ba ko kuma ba zai iya gane tasirin rikici ba, tashin hankali da kisan gilla. Yakin bama-bamai na Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish na wucin gadi ya karu sosai a cikin 1972 kuma ya fara kai farmaki ga tsakiyar birnin Belfast, sau da yawa tare da mummunan sakamako kamar a ranar Jumma'a mai zubar da jini a ranar 21 ga Yuli 1972, lokacin da IRA ta wucin rai ta fashe da bama-bomb 22 a fadin birnin, ta kashe mutane tara kuma ta ji rauni sama da 100. Wannan ya haifar da gina ƙofofin ƙarfe, wanda Sojojin Burtaniya ke aiki, don haka yadda ya kamata ya sanya igiyar tsaro ko "ring na ƙarfe" a kusa da tsakiyar gari, wanda ya haifar da Furotesta da Katolika da suka koma cikin unguwanni masu rarrabe, wanda da sauri ya fada ƙarƙashin rinjayar kungiyoyin sojoji na gida waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai a cikin gundumominsu. [10] Wadannan kungiyoyi sun kuma dauki rawar da suke takawa a matsayin 'yan sanda a cikin al'ummominsu da kuma fitar da abin da suka bayyana a matsayin abubuwan adawa da zamantakewa. A cikin watan Fabrairun 1974 na Ulster Loyalist, wani littafin UDA, UDA ta yi gargadin cewa ta yi niyyar daukar mataki mai karfi a kan masu aikata laifuka da masu lalata a yankunan Sandy Row da Village.[11]

Robert Fisk, wakilin Belfast na The Times tsakanin shekarun 1972-75, ya ɗauki Sandy Row UDA a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin kayan aikin soja a Belfast. Matsayinsu na yaƙi a kan barricades na tituna da suka gina a Lokaci yajin aikin Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Ulster a watan Mayu 1974 kusan ya kai su cikin rikici kai tsaye tare da Sojojin Burtaniya kuma sun yi shirye-shiryen yin yaƙi idan na ƙarshe ya rushe barricades UDA. Kwamandan Sandy Row UDA a wannan lokacin tashin hankali shine Sammy Murphy wanda ya yi amfani da Orange Hall a matsayin hedkwatarsa.[12] Baya ga Sandy Row, Murphy yana da cikakken umurni na Kudancin Belfast UDA kuma an kira shi a matsayin shugaban al'umma a cikin sakonnin manema labarai na Sojojin Burtaniya kodayake ba a ambaci sunansa da haɗin gwiwar soja ba.[13][14] Don warware yanayin fashewa, Murphy ya shiga tattaunawa da Sojoji wanda ya tabbatar da nasara. A cewar 'yan jarida Henry McDonald da Jim Cusack, Sandy Row da Donegall Pass UDA sun kusan rasa iko a wannan lokacin; duka maza da mata sun shiga cikin tashin hankali da maye kuma sun riga sun sha wahala ga duka da kashe-kashen. Kungiyoyin shan giya ko shebeens inda aka samu barasa da arha sune siffofi na yau da kullun a yankin.[15] Marubucin David M. Kiely ya ba da shawarar cewa a wannan matakin ƙungiyar mata ta fi game da gangsterism da mulkin jama'a fiye da bin wani dalili na siyasa.[16]

Kotun Kangaroo

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A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1974, makonni takwas bayan Ogilby ta haifi ɗa mara haihuwa, Derek, wanda Young ya haifa, [1] mata biyar na UDA, ciki har da matar ƙaunatacciyar Elizabeth Young (32), Kathleen Whitla (49, na biyu), Josephine Brown (18), Elizabeth Douglas (19), karkashin jagorancin mahaifiyar wannan, kwamandan Lily Douglas, ta sace Ogilby daga gidan aboki a cikin gidan Suffolk. Sun dawo da ita zuwa Sandy Row kuma suka sanya ta a gaban Kotun kangaroo da aka gudanar a cikin Warwick's Bakery da ba a amfani da shi ba a 114 Hunter Street tsakanin Felt Street da Oswald Street, wanda aka canza shi zuwa kulob din UDA.[1][2] Ogilby sau da yawa ta ziyarci kulob din tare da Young a lokuta da suka gabata kafin a kwantar da shi; a cewar Kiely ta ji daɗin kasancewa tare da sauran masu tallafawa kuma tana cikin ƙungiyar masu aminci "a kan Fenians".[3] Jimlar mata takwas da maza biyu sun jagoranci wannan "gwaji"; Elizabeth Young, duk da haka, ta bar kanta saboda ba ta cikin "Heavy Squad" na Douglas ba. "Heavy Squad" sun kasance membobin ƙungiyar UDA ta mata ta Sandy Row waɗanda suka fuskanci duka ta hanyar umarnin Douglas. Ogilby ta yi zafi na sa'a guda game da al'amarin da ta yi da Young da kuma game da tsegumi game da kayan abinci. A wani mataki, Douglas ya gaya mata, "Muna da dokoki a nan. Dukanmu muna manne musu kuma ina tsammanin wani sabon zai yi haka".[4] Ogilby, a yanzu ta firgita da matsalar da ta samu kanta, an kuma sanar da ita cewa idan aka same ta da laifi, za a sanya ta cikin "rugujewa". An kirkiro sanannen "gidan rushewa" na UDA a farkon shekarun 1970 ta hanyar UDA North Belfast Brigadier Davy Payne.[5] An sanya musu suna bayan Shirin talabijin na yara, waɗannan "gidan da ba su da kyau" suna cikin gine-ginen da ba su dace ba, ɗakunan ajiya, garages masu kulle, da ɗakunan da ke sama da mashaya da wuraren shan giya. Da zarar ya shiga ciki, za a "rakka" wanda aka azabtarwa (an yi masa duka kuma a azabtar da shi) kafin a kashe shi. Kodayake yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa Katolika ne, an kuma tura Furotesta da yawa zuwa "gidan da ba a yi amfani da su ba".[6]

  1. Simpson 1999
  2. Wood 2006
  3. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named life
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named douglas
  5. Simpson 1999
  6. Simpson 1999
  7. Kiely 2005
  8. 8.0 8.1 Kiely 2005
  9. Murphy, Dervla (1979). A Place Apart. Harmondsworth: Penguin. p.288 ISBN 0 140050302
  10. Clarke, R.V.G; Newman, Graham R. (2006). Outsmarting the Terrorists. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Publishing Group.171 ISBN 0-275-99230-6
  11. Wood 2006
  12. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fisk145148
  13. McDonald & Cusack 2003
  14. Wood 2006
  15. McDonald & Cusack 2003
  16. Kiely 2005