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Kisan Yingying Zhang

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Kisan Yingying Zhang
Garkuwa da Mutane
Bayanai
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Kwanan wata 9 ga Yuni, 2017
Participant (en) Fassara unknown value
Wuri
Map
 40°06′35″N 88°12′15″W / 40.1097°N 88.2042°W / 40.1097; -88.2042

A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2017, Yingying Zhang, masanin kasar Sin mai ziyara a Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Brendt Allen Christensen, mazaunin Champaign kuma tsohon dalibi na digiri na kimiyyar lissafi a jami'ar ya sace shi. Christensen, wanda masu bincike suka yi iƙirarin cewa yana da burin zama Mai kisan gilla, ya ja hankalin Zhang cikin motarsa a tashar bas a harabar makarantar yana nuna kansa a matsayin jami'in 'yan sanda tare da alkawarin tafiya bayan ta rasa bas, amma sai ya kai ta gidansa inda ya yi mata fyade kuma ya kashe ta.

A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2017, Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) ya kama kuma ya zargi Christensen a kotun tarayya. An yi wa Christensen shari'a kuma an yanke masa hukunci kan laifin satar mutane daya wanda ya haifar da mutuwa da kuma laifuffuka biyu na yin maganganun ƙarya ga jami'an FBI, amma juriya ta kulle ko za a sanya hukuncin kisa ko a'a. An yanke wa Christensen hukuncin kisa a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2019, zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai ba tare da yiwuwar sallamawa ba tare da shekaru 10.

Wanda aka azabtar

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Yingying Zhang
Shafi
Fayil:Yingying Zhang Govt Ex 100E cropped.png
An haife shi (1990-12-21) Disamba 21, 1990
Nanping, Fujian, China

Ya ɓace Yuni 9, 2017 (2017-06-09) (shekaru 26) Urbana, Illinois 
Birni, Illinois
Ilimi Jami'ar Sun Yat-sen (BS) Jami'ar Peking (MS)

Yingying Zhang (Chinese: 章莹颖; pinyin: Zhāng Yíngyǐng; December 21, 1990 – June 9, 2017) was born in the city of Nanping, Fujian, to Ronggao Zhang and Lifeng Ye. Zhang had one younger brother, Zhengyang. She played in a band and had ambitions of becoming a professor in China.

A shekara ta 2013, Zhang ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Sun Yat-sen a saman aji. A shekara ta 2016, ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Peking . Zhang ya kasance malami mai ziyara a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin kafin ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka.

Ta isa Amurka a watan Afrilun 2017 don gudanar da bincike kan photosynthesis da yawan amfanin gona na shekara guda a Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da kimiyyar muhalli, [1] a cikin Kwalejin Aikin Gona, Abokin Ciniki, da Kimiyya ta Muhalli, a Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Tana la'akari da shiga shirin digiri a Jami'ar Illinois . Zhang ta shirya auren saurayinta, Hou Xiaolin, a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017.[2]

Garkuwa da mutane

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Hoton CCTV da ke nuna Zhang yana shiga baƙar fata Saturn Astra a gefen gabas na Goodwin Avenue a Urbana

A yammacin ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2017, Zhang tana tafiya a cikin bas din Champaign-Urbana Mass Transit District (MTD) a Urbana, Illinois, zuwa wani ɗakin da ke waje da harabar inda take shirin sanya hannu kan sabon hayar gida. Tana gudu da wuri kuma ta aika saƙon rubutu ga wakilin haya a karfe 1:39 na yamma don sanar da su cewa za ta isa kusan karfe 2:10 na yamma. Bayan ta hau bas daya, ta fita da karfe 1:52 na yamma kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin canja wurin zuwa wani. Koyaya, saboda tana gefen da ba daidai ba ne na titin don shiga, bas din bai tsaya ba bayan ta yi ƙoƙari ta sauka.[3] MTD ta bayyana cewa ya saba wa manufofin kamfanin su tsaya ga masu tafiya a gefen da ba daidai ba na titin, don yin hakan zai karfafa su su shiga cikin zirga-zirga mai zuwa.   

Zhang sai ya yi tafiya zuwa wani tashar bas a 'yan tubalan da ke kusa da kusurwar North Goodwin Avenue da West Clark Street, kai tsaye a gaban gidan rediyo da talabijin na PBS na jami'ar, WILL . Kamara na bidiyo na sa ido sun nuna cewa baƙar fata Saturn Astra ya wuce ta a karfe 2:00 na yamma yayin da take jira a tashar bas, RANNA ta sake zagayawa a kusa da toshe kuma ta tsaya inda take jira a karfe 2:13 na yamma.[4][5] Ta yi magana da direban kusan minti daya, sannan ta shiga motar.[5]  

Wakilin haya ya aiko mata da saƙon rubutu a kusan karfe 2:38 na yamma, amma bai sami amsa ba.[4] Yayin da sa'o'i suka wuce, abokan Zhang, da ke sane da aikinta kuma suna sa ran ta dawo da sauri, sun ƙara damuwa. Da karfe 9:24 na yamma, wani farfesa ya kira 'yan sanda don bayar da rahoton bacewarta.  

Kokarin Bincike

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Hoton mutumin da ya ɓace na FBI don Yingying Zhang

Ma'aikatar 'yan sanda ta Jami'ar Illinois da Ma'abiyar' yan sanda ta Urbana sun yi aiki tare da jami'an FBI don gano Zhang, suna ba da lada na $ 10,000 don bayanan da ke kaiwa ga wurin da ta kasance. Babban yawan ɗaliban kasar Sin na jami'ar ya taimaka wajen daidaita kokarin bincike a ciki da kewayen harabar. A ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, mahaifin Zhang, kawunsa (surukarta), da saurayinta sun isa Champaign don yin shawarwari da hukumomi da taimakawa wajen binciken. A ranar 19 ga Yuni, Jami'ar Illinois tare da Champaign County Crime Stoppers, sun ba da sanarwar lada na $ 40,000 don bayanan da ke haifar da kama mutum ko mutane da ke da alhakin satar Zhang. Wannan lada ita ce, a lokacin, mafi girma da aka bayar a cikin tarihin shekaru 31 na kungiyar Champaign Crime Stoppers.[6] A ranar 14 ga watan Yulin an kara kyautar zuwa $ 50,000. Iyalin Zhang sun ce ba za su bar kasar ba har sai an same ta.[7] A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, mahaifiyar Zhang da ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta sun tashi zuwa Amurka.

'Yan ƙasa da yawa sun ba da rahoton ganin wata mace ta Asiya da ta dace da bayanin Zhang a Salem, Illinois, a ranar 16 ga Yuni. Iyalin Zhang sun yi tafiya zuwa Salem don bin yiwuwar jagororin kuma FBI ta bincika rahotanni, amma daga baya an tabbatar da cewa matar ba Zhang ba ce.[8][9]

Jami'ar ta sanar da cewa sun shirya shigar da ƙarin kyamarori masu tsauri, masu tsauri a duk harabar.[10]

Bincike

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Masu bincike ba su iya gane lambar lasisi na abin hawa daga hotunan kyamarar tsaro ba.[10] Koyaya, sun ƙaddara cewa akwai Saturn Astras 18 masu ƙofofi huɗu da aka yi rajista ga masu mallakar yankin Champaign County. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan motocin an yi rajista ga Brendt Allen Christensen, mazaunin Champaign.[4] Christensen, an haife shi a shekara ta 1989, tsohon dalibi ne na Ph.D. a Jami'ar Illinois . Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison a shekarar 2013 tare da digiri na farko a lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi kuma ya kammala karatu tare da digiri mai girma a fannin kimiyyar halitta daga Jami'an Illinois Urbana-Champaign a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017.[2][11][12] Christensen ya yi aure a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, amma a lokacin kisan Zhang, Christensen da matarsa suna cikin aure, tare da su biyu suna soyayya da wasu mutane.

Masu bincike sun yi hira da Christensen a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2017, kuma sun bincika motarsa. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi, Christensen ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai tuna abin da yake yi a lokacin da Zhang ya ɓace ba. Daga baya ya gaya wa masu bincike cewa yana iya yin barci, ko kuma a gida yana wasa da Wasannin bidiyo.

A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, masu bincike sun sake nazarin bidiyon sa ido kuma sun lura cewa rufin motar ya yi kama da wanda ke cikin motar Christensen. Sun kuma lura cewa motar da ke cikin bidiyon tana da hubcap da ya fashe kuma, bayan sake bincika motar Christensen, sun gano cewa tana da hub cap da ya faske. Sun kammala cewa motar da ke cikin fim din ta Christensen ce.

A ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, 'yan sanda na gida da masu binciken FBI sun tambayi Christensen kuma sun aiwatar da takardar neman izinin motarsa. An fara jan Saturn Astra zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a Sashen 'yan sanda na Champaign, kuma a ranar 18 ga Yuni an kai shi babban ofishin FBI na Springfield a Springfield, Illinois. [4] Masu bincike sun lura cewa ƙofar fasinja na motarsa "ya bayyana an tsabtace ta sosai fiye da sauran ƙofofin motar", wanda suka ce "yana iya nuna ƙoƙari ko ƙoƙari na ɓoye ko lalata shaidu".

A lokacin da aka yi masa tambayoyi a ranar 15 ga Yuni, Christensen ya yarda cewa ya ba wata mace ta Asiya tafiya, [4] amma ya ce ya sauke ta bayan 'yan ginshiƙai kaɗan lokacin da kuskuren da ba daidai ba ya sa ta firgita. Tare da wannan tambayar, jami'ai a gidan Christensen sun nemi kuma sun sami izinin rubuce-rubuce daga wani mazaunin gidan don bincike da kwace abubuwa a gidan. Jami'ai sun mallaki kwamfutoci da wayar salula ta Christensen, sannan daga baya suka nemi kuma suka sami takardar neman izinin bincike na tarayya don binciken wayar. Hukumomin tilasta bin doka sun sanya Christensen a karkashin ci gaba da sa ido, farawa a ranar 16 ga Yuni.[4] Masu binciken FBI sun kusanci budurwar Christensen kuma sun amince da sanya waya, suna tunanin cewa zai wanke Christensen idan bai aikata laifin ba.[2] A ranar 29 ga Yuni, Christensen ya halarci bikin tunawa da Zhang tare da budurwarsa. Wani takardar shaidar da wani wakilin FBI ya gabatar ya ce a cikin rikodin sauti, Christensen ya gaya wa budurwarsa cewa ya dawo da Zhang zuwa gidansa kuma ya riƙe ta a can ba tare da son zuciyarta ba.[3][13] Christensen ya yi alfahari da budurwarsa cewa shi mai kisan gilla ne kuma cewa Zhang shine wanda aka azabtar da shi na goma sha uku, amma masu bincike ba su iya samun wasu wadanda aka azabtar ba, kuma sun yi shakkar wannan da'awar.

Shari'a

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A ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, FBI ta kama Christensen kuma ta tuhume shi da satar mutane a karkashin Title 18 USC Babi na 55, sakin layi na 1201 na dokar tarayya.[4][14] A cewar doka, idan satar ta haifar da mutuwar kowane mutum, an ba da izinin ɗaurin rai da rai ko hukuncin kisa. [4] [14] Rahoton FBI ya lura cewa a watan Afrilu, kafin zargin satar, Christensen ya yi amfani da wayarsa don samun damar shafin yanar gizon Fetlife, ya ziyarci forums kamar "Abduction 101". [15] Christensen ba shi da wani rikodin aikata laifuka kuma babu rikodin matsalolin horo a jami'ar.[3][13] 

A wani sauraron kotu a ranar 5 ga Yuli, Alkalin majistare na Amurka Eric I. Long ya musanta belin Christensen bayan ya ji gabatarwar daga mai gabatar da kara da lauyoyin Christensen, Evan da Tom Bruno. Long ya ce jikin Zhang har yanzu ya ɓace an auna shi da Christensen, kuma Christensen shine mutum na ƙarshe da ya ga Zhang.[13] Mataimakin Lauyan Amurka Bryan Freres ya ce babu "haɗin yanayi" inda Christensen ba haɗari ga al'umma ba ne. 'Yan uwan sun bayyana karin bayani daga binciken da ba a gabatar da shi a cikin korafin aikata laifuka ba. Ya gaya wa kotun cewa Christensen ya halarci wani farkawa da aka gudanar wa Zhang a ranar 29 ga Yuni, inda ya bayyana "halayen wanda ya dace da shi", kuma ya nuna wadanda ke cikin taron da suka dace da su. Bugu da ƙari, an rubuta Christensen yana cewa Zhang ya yi tsayayya kuma ya yi yaƙi da shi, kuma an rubuta shi yana barazana ga wani wanda ya ba da shaidar zargi ga hukumomi.[16] Lauyan Christensen Evan Bruno ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a sake shi a kan beli saboda rashin rikodin aikata laifuka da alakarsa da al'ummar yankin.[13][16]

A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2017, babban juri na tarayya ya zargi Christensen da satar Zhang. An zargi Christensen da gangan da rashin bin doka, an tsare shi, an yi masa zagi, an yaudare shi, an sace shi, an garkuwa da shi, an kama shi, kuma an dauke shi" Zhang "kuma in ba haka ba ya riƙe ta don amfanin kansa da manufarsa, kuma ya yi amfani da shi kuma ya sa a yi amfani da hanyar, kayan aiki da kayan aiki na kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi, wato, wayar salula ta Motorola da motar Saturn Aura, a cikin aikata da kuma ci gaba da laifin. [17] Christensen bai yi ikirarin laifi ba a lokacin da aka gurfanar da shi a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2017.

An fara shari'ar Christensen a watan Yunin 2019 tare da lauyansa, George Taseff, ya yarda a cikin maganganun buɗewa cewa Christensen ya kashe Zhang kuma yana kan "sadarwa don rayuwarsa" saboda yana iya fuskantar hukuncin kisa. [2] An ba da shaida cewa kafin Christensen ya sace Zhang, ya zama jami'in 'yan sanda na sirri kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace ɗaliban digiri Emily Hogan . [2] Ya nemi Hogan ya shiga motarsa, ta ki, kuma ya tafi.[2] Hogan ya ba da rahoton wannan ga 'yan sanda kuma ya wallafa game da lamarin a kafofin sada zumunta.[2] Bayan ya karɓi Zhang daga baya a wannan safiya kuma ya dawo da ita gidansa, Christensen ya maƙure ta, ya yi mata fyade, kuma ya yi mata wuka a cikin ɗakinta kafin ya ja ta zuwa gidan wanka inda ya doke ta da sandar baseball kuma ya yanke mata kai.[2]

A ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2019, juriya mai mambobi 12 sun tattauna kasa da sa'o'i biyu kafin su dawo da hukuncin su. An sami Christensen da laifin satar mutane daya da ya haifar da mutuwa da kuma laifuka biyu na yin maganganun ƙarya ga jami'an Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya. A lokacin yanke hukunci, juriya ba za ta iya amincewa da yanke wa Christensen hukuncin kisa ba. A sakamakon haka, an yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku ba tare da yiwuwar sallamawa ba a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2019 .

Bayan shari'ar, masu gabatar da kara sun bayyana bayanai game da gawar Zhang wanda Christensen ya bayyana ta hanyar lauyoyinsa a watan Nuwamba 2018 a karkashin yarjejeniyar rigakafi. Kashegari bayan ya kashe Zhang, Christensen ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sanya jikin Zhang a cikin jaka uku daban-daban na shara wanda ya zubar da su a cikin shara a waje da gidansa. A cikin kwanaki biyu masu zuwa, Christensen ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya zubar da kayar da Zhang a cikin ɗakunan shara daban-daban a yankin Champaign-Urbana. An kwashe ragowar da Christensen ya sanya gawar Zhang bayan kwana uku kuma an kai abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa wani wuri mai zaman kansa a cikin Vermilion County, an shirya su aƙalla sau biyu, sun bazu a kan yanki mai faɗin mita hamsin, kuma daga baya an binne su a ƙarƙashin ƙafa talatin na shara. Samun gawar Zhang zai zama da wahala kuma ba a fara neman gawar ta ba. A watan Oktoba na 2019, an tura Christensen zuwa FTC Oklahoma City don kimantawa da sarrafawa. A farkon watan Disamba na 2019, Christensen ya ba da rahoto ga USP McCreary a Pine Knot, Kentucky don fara yin hukuncinsa na rai. An tura Christensen zuwa USP Coleman II a Florida a farkon 2020.

Abubuwan tunawa

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A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2018, an keɓe lambun tunawa don girmama Zhang a kusurwar North Goodwin Avenue da West Clark Street. Phyllis Williams da Christina Nordholm ne suka tsara lambun, lambun ya ƙunshi duwatsu na hanyoyi waɗanda aka tsara don ɓacewa wanda ke kaiwa ga benci, itacen cherry mai kuka da dutse na tunawa. Kamar yadda ba a taɓa gano gawar Zhang ba, an binne akwati da ke dauke da tufafinta a cikin lambun.[18]   A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 2019, iyayen Zhang sun ba da sanarwar kirkirar asusun tallafi da ake kira Yingying Fund, wanda aka keɓe don girmama ta. Za a yi amfani da asusun don tallafawa ɗaliban ƙasa da ƙasa da ke cikin rikici da iyalansu. Iyalin Zhang sun ba da kyautar farko ta $ 30,000 ga asusun tare da ƙarin $ 24,000 da aka ba da gudummawa daga masu ba da gudana sama da 440. Gidauniyar Jami'ar Illinois ce ke kula da asusun.

Fim da talabijin

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Wani shirin fim game da binciken iyayen Zhang na adalci, Finding Yingying, an fara shi ne a bikin Middlebury New Filmmakers a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, 2020 [19] kuma an sake shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, 2020, ta hanyar MTV Documentary Films.

An sake gabatar da shari'ar a matsayin "Far From Home" a kan Cibiyar Nazarin Talabijin ta Gaskiya See No Evil a kakar 6, kashi 5 (2020).[20][21]

An gabatar da shari'ar a gidan talabijin na Oxygen a cikin jerin laifuka na gaskiya na Final Moments a cikin kakar 2, kashi na 4 mai taken "Missed Bus" (2023). [22]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Jerin kisan kai a Illinois
  • Jerin satar mutane
  • Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace: bayan 2000

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Masterson, Matt (12 June 2019). "Defense Attorney: 'Brendt Christensen Killed Yingying Zhang'" (in Turanci). WTTW. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 "United States of America vs. Brendt A. Christensen, Jury Trial (Volume 8A)" (PDF). WTTW (in Turanci). June 12, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-19. Retrieved June 15, 2019. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "USVC612" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NobodySaw
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Manganaro, Anthony (30 June 2017). "Criminal Complaint" (PDF). Illinois Police. United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "CriminalComplaint" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Surveillance Video of Missing Student Yingying Zhang". FBI official website (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SeparateReward
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NGWillNotLeave
  8. ↑ Greenwald, Dan (7 July 2017). "FBI investigating possible sightings of missing Illinois student". KMOV 4 (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "Salem Police Say Asian Woman Seen In Salem Last Month Wasn't Missing Kidnap Victim". WJBD Radio (in Turanci). 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lorey, Christina (6 July 2017). "University of Illinois increasing security on campus following kidnapping" (in Turanci). WQAD-TV. Archived from the original on 2021-11-06. Retrieved 9 July 2017. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WQAD8Security" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ Masterson, Matt (12 June 2019). "Defense Attorney: 'Brendt Christensen Killed Yingying Zhang'" (in Turanci). WTTW. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  12. ↑ Cheng, Yangyang (2021-10-01). "The Chilling Murder of a Chinese Student on a US Campus, and Why Justice Is Elusive" (in Turanci). Vice. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Bail denied for suspect in kidnapping of U of I scholar" (in Turanci). WGN-TV. CNN wire service. 5 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2023-04-27. Retrieved 7 July 2017. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WGN9Denied" defined multiple times with different content
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Chapter 55 – Kidnapping". United States Code official website (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  15. ↑ "Champaign Man Arrested, Charged with Kidnapping Visiting Scholar". U.S. Department of Justice official website (in Turanci). 30 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cnnJuly6
  17. ↑ U.S. Attorney’s Office Central District of Illinois (July 12, 2017). "Grand Jury Indicts Champaign Man on Charge of Kidnapping" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-06-23.
  18. ↑ Masterson, Matt (12 June 2019). "Defense Attorney: 'Brendt Christensen Killed Yingying Zhang'" (in Turanci). WTTW. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  19. ↑ Masterson, Matt (12 June 2019). "Defense Attorney: 'Brendt Christensen Killed Yingying Zhang'" (in Turanci). WTTW. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  20. ↑ Masterson, Matt (12 June 2019). "Defense Attorney: 'Brendt Christensen Killed Yingying Zhang'" (in Turanci). WTTW. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  21. ↑ Cheng, Yangyang (2021-10-01). "The Chilling Murder of a Chinese Student on a US Campus, and Why Justice Is Elusive" (in Turanci). Vice. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
  22. ↑ Masterson, Matt (12 June 2019). "Defense Attorney: 'Brendt Christensen Killed Yingying Zhang'" (in Turanci). WTTW. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 18 June 2019.

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