Kisan kiyashi na Sotik

Kisan kiyashi na Sotik

Iri	aukuwa

A watan Yunin 1905, an kashe maza, mata da yara 1,850 na kabilar Kipsigis a cikin wani balaguron azabtarwa da ake kira Sotik balaguron sojojin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya karkashin jagorancin Manjo Richard Pope-Hennessy . Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon wani hari da Kipsigis suka kai a kan Maasai wanda ya ga Kipsigis ya rabu da shanu, mata da yara na Maasai wanda gwamnati ta bukaci gyarawa da dawo da ganimar harin amma wanda Kipsigis ta dawo da zagi kuma ta ƙi gargadi. A sakamakon haka, wannan ya haifar da warewar ƙasar kabilanci zuwa abin da zai zama wani ɓangare na White Highlands na Kenya.

Kipsigis

Kipsigis na ɗaya daga cikin kabilun 47 na Kenya kuma tare da Nandi, Tugen, Marakwet, Sengwer, Pokot da Sebei, sun zama asalin kabilanci na Kalenjin. An kiyasta asalin su zuwa kusan karni na 18 a matsayin ƙungiyar da ta rabu da Nandi wanda ya mamaye yankunan kudancin Nandi Hills da mazabar Kipekelion da Belgut a yau a cikin Kericho County . Duk da haka yawan su zai karu kuma saboda halayensu na yaƙi, za su ci gaba da daidaita kungiyoyi da yawa daga Maasai, Luo da Kisii.

A ƙarshen karni na 19, kokarin soja ya ga Kipsigis sun kori Massai, Luo da Abagusii kuma sun kwace da'awar su a ƙasar kuma sun kwaci dabbobinsu da amfanin gona. Wannan ya kasance musamman sakamakon kokarin soja da jagorancin kwamandoji ciki har da Menya Araap Kisiara da 'yan uwan uku na Koitalel Araap Samoei (Kipchomber araap Koilege, Chebochok Kiptonui arap Boisio da Kibuigut). A lokacin isowar Burtaniya, Kipsigis suna zaune ne kawai a cikin yankin Bomet na yau, Kericho County, Narok West Constituency da kuma wasu sassan yankunan Nakuru da Nyamira.

Kisan kiyashi

Wani bindiga mai mahimmanci; kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a 1905 a kan mazaunan Sotik; daga cikin sauran bindigogi da aka yi amfani dasu.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kirkirar ajiyar Maasai da kuma sake komawa wasu kabilun Maasai a sakamakon haka, Kipsigis sun mamaye Maasai kuma sun sace shanu, mata da yara. Kokarin tattaunawa game da dawowar fursunonin Masai, da shanu sun gaza, kuma sun sa gwamnatin British East Africa Protectorate ta shirya balaguro, a kan Sotik. Manjo Richard Pope-Hennessy ne ya jagoranci harin na azabtarwa kuma ya kashe maza, mata, da yara 1,850 . Yayinda yake murmure da shanu 20,000, tare da wasu matan Masai da yara da aka kama.

An bayar da rahoton tafiyar, a London, kamar haka:

A lokacin bazarar shekara ta 1905, kabilar Sotik sun kai hari ga kabilar Masai, inda suka kama mata da yara da kuma dabbobi masu yawa. Duk wani kokari da aka yi don a saki mutanen da aka kama da kuma dawo da dabbobin ga Masai ya ci tura, sai Sakataren Harkokin Mulkin Mallaka ya amince da a tura rundunar soji domin dawo da doka da oda ta hanyar amfani da makamai da kuma kafa ikon mulki a yankin.

Rundunar da Major Pope-Hennessy na 3rd Battalion King's African Rifles ke jagoranta ta hade ne a karshen watan Mayu cikin rukunin runduna biyu, kamar haka:—

Rukuni na I a Njoro.—(Major Pope-Hennessy, 3rd K.A.R., yana jagoranta). Kamfanoni uku daga 3rd Battalion, King's African Rifles; Bindigogi biyu na Maxim. Sashen 1st Battalion, King's African Rifles. Masai 600 da aka dauka.

Rukuni na II a Kericho.—(Captain C. L. Barlow, 1st King's African Rifles, yana jagoranta). Kamfani daya daga 3rd Battalion, King's African Rifles. Jami'an 'yan sanda 30. Lumbwa 300 da aka dauka.

A ranar 2 ga Yuni, Rukuni na I ya tashi daga Njoro zuwa gonar Neilson a tsaunin Mau, inda bayan kafa sansanin gaba suka ci gaba zuwa Sotik a ranar 5 ga Yuni ta cikin dajin da ba shi da hanya. An yi musu turjiya a kan iyakar Sotik, amma suka doke abokan gaba da asara kadan.

A ranar 9 ga Yuni, rundunar ta hade da Rukuni na II wanda ba a yi masa turjiya ba a lokacin tafiyarsa, a Sotik Post. Domin bayanai kan yawan abokan gaba, karfinsu da niyyarsu ba su bayyana ba, sai Major Pope-Hennessy ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da aiki da runduna daya har sai an sami bayani kai tsaye da zai ba da damar motsi cikin rukunin karamin soji da za su iya rufe yanki mai fadi.

A ranar 27, runduna mai motsi da ke gaba da sintirin sojoji masu karfi ta shiga kuma ta zagaya yankin Sakamnia, sannan ta dawo Sotik Post a ranar 30.

Yanzu da aka tabbatar da cewa kabilar Sotik sun samu hukunci mai kyau, rundunar ta tashi zuwa gonar Grey kusa da Molo. Wannan tafiya ta kan tuddai masu tsawo da kwazazzabai da daji mai yawa da ciyawa na bamboo ta kasance mai wahala ga sojoji, masu taimako, da masu daukar kaya, inda aka yanke hanya fiye da mil 35 don ba da damar rundunar da ke da kwantena tsawon mil 7 ta wuce a layi daya.

Rundunar ta rabu a ranar 12 ga Yuli. Wannan aiki ya kafa zaman lafiya da doka a Sotik, ya kuma bude wannan kasa mai kyau ga mulkin mallaka.

Asarar da abokan gaba suka yi sun yi tsanani. An saki mutanen kabilar Masai da aka kama, kuma an biya kabilar da'awar da suke da ita akan Sotik. Rundunar ta rasa mutum daya da aka kashe da mutane 6 da suka jikkata; a yayin wannan aiki, an harba harsashi 14,711 na bindiga da harsashi 614 na Maxim. Major Pope-Hennessy ya bayar da rahoton cewa:—

"Halin sojojin kasa da kasa ya kasance mai kyau a duk fadin aiki. Na fi jin dadi da tafiyar da Captain Maycock's ko Kamfani na 6 (Masai), 3rd King's African Rifles, wanda ya kasance mai ban mamaki, inda wasu rukuninsa sun rika yin tafiya mil 40 a rana sau da dama domin tallafa wa masu sulke Masai."

"Kamfanin Captain Jenkins ko Kamfani na 0 (Soudanese), 3rd King's African Rifles ya bada kyakkyawan misali ga sauran rundunar wajen ladabi, kwazo da son aiki."

Baya ga jami'an da aka ambata, Major Pope-Hennessy ya jaddada kokarin da wadannan suka yi:

Mr. Partington, Babban Jami’in Siyasa.

Mr. McClure, Mataimakin Jami’in Siyasa.

Mr. Rayne, Jami’in Harkokin Sufuri.

— "Sakon Rundunar Sotik", The London Gazette (13 March 1908)

Birtaniya ta Gabashin Afirka ta yi kira ga tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Nandi da Birtaniya biyo bayan tsayayyar 'yan tawaye na tsawon shekaru 10. A lokacin da suka hadu, Richard Meinheirtzhagen ya harbe Koitalel Araap Samoei a kai don haka ya kawo karshen juriya.

Tasiri da Tasiri

Bayan cimma burin manufofin da nasarar da suka samu, an ba da lambar yabo ga jami'an da suka shiga cikin aikin.[1] An ware jam'iyyar £ 20,000 amma bayan harin da suka kai, sun kwace shanu 20,000 wanda aka sayar da kowannensu a £ 3 don haka ya kai £ 60,000 wanda ya kai £ 40,000 a riba. Har ila yau, sakamakon kisan Orkoiyot Koitalel Araap Samoei da kisan kiyashi na Sotik da Nandi ne gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ji cewa ya kamata a kori dukkan dangin Talai. Wannan aikin ya ga daruruwan dangin Talai da ke zaune tsakanin Kipsigis sun kwashe zuwa tsibirin Rusinga a Kisumu inda da yawa daga cikinsu suka mutu saboda zazzabin cizon sauro kuma sun zama ƙarƙashin Rushewar asali saboda babu wani zaɓi mara alaƙa don daidaitawa. A bayyane yake, an ba da 'yan uwan Koitalel guda uku gudun hijira a Fort Hall, Nyeri har zuwa mutuwarsu.

Gyara

A watan Agustan 2020, bayan kisan George Floyd, Claudia Webbe, memba na majalisar dokokin Leicester East ta rubuta a cikin wata wasika da aka aika wa Sakataren Harkokin Ilimi na Burtaniya, Gavin Williamson game da kisan kiyashi na Sotik kuma ta nemi a koyar da kisan a makarantun Burtaniya. A cikin 2023, Farfesa Paul Chepkwony na Kenya ya bayyana cewa:

"An share kisan kiyashi na Sotik daga littattafan tarihi, ba kawai na Burtaniya ba har ma daga Kenya. Kisan wasu maza, mata da yara na 1850 a yau za a rarraba su a matsayin kisan kiyashin kare dangi da kuma aikata laifuka ga bil'adama. A cikin 1905, Kanal Hennessey, ya yi amfani da bindigar Maxine Machine don gudanar da wannan kisan kiyasta an yi amfani da shi don tsoratar da mutanen Kipsig da su ba bisa kabilanci ba. Masu mulkin mallaka sun tabbatar da wannan tsabtace kabilanci na kabilanci ta hanyar cewa 'yan Adam' Yanki 100,000'.