Kisan kiyashi na Weenen
 | ||||
| ||||
| Iri | Kisan Kiyashi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangare na |
Great Trek (en)  | |||
| Kwanan watan | 17 ga Faburairu, 1838 | |||
| Wuri |
KwaZulu-Natal (en) | |||
| Ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu | |||
| Adadin waɗanda suka rasu | 530 | |||
Kisan kiyashin na Weenen, wanda kuma aka fi sani da kisan kiyashi na Bloukrans, jerin hare-hare ne da sojojin Zulu ƙarƙashin Sarki Dingane suka kai a sansanin Voortrekker a Natal, Afirka ta Kudu ta yau, a ranar 17-18 ga watan Fabrairu 1838.[1][2] Bayan kashe shugaban Voortrekker Piet Retief da tawagarsa a gidan sarautar Dingane, uMgungundlovu, a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 1838, kusan 500 Voortrekkers da bayinsu, ciki har da yara 185 da mata 56, an kashe su a wurare a Doringkop, Bloukrans, Moordspenenburgruit, Renburgruit, Renburgrans, Renburgruit, da kuma Ma'aikatan Voortrekker.[3][4] Wani muhimmin lamari a cikin Babban Trek, kisan kiyashin ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Voortrekkers da Zulu, wanda ya kai ga yakin kogin jini a watan Disamba 1838.[2]
Asusun Voortrekker ya yi zargin cin amana da aka ƙididdige shi, yana mai cewa Dingane ya yi amfani da tattaunawar yaudara don yaudara da kuma kawar da jam'iyyar Retief, yayin da al'adun baka na Zulu ke nuna hare-haren a matsayin martani na kariya ga Voortrekker.[5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kisan gillar Weenen ya faru ne a lokacin Great Trek, ƙaura na Voortrekkers masu magana da harshen Dutch daga Cape Colony zuwa cikin kudancin Afirka a cikin shekarar 1830s. Sakamakon rashin gamsuwa da manufofin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, ciki har da kawar da bautar bayi da kuma ƙuntatawa ƙasa, Voortrekkers sun nemi matsuguni masu zaman kansu a Natal, wanda masarautar Zulu ke ƙarƙashin Sarki Dingane, wanda ya gaji Shaka a shekarar 1828.[2] Dingane ya fuskanci ƙalubale na ciki, ciki har da kishiyoyinsu tare da ɗan'uwansa Mpande, da kuma matsin lamba na waje daga manyan sarakuna da kuma faɗaɗa Turai, yana daidaita martaninsa ga Voortrekkers.[6]
A cikin shekarar 1837, shugaban Voortrekker Piet Retief ya jagoranci wata ƙungiya zuwa Natal, da nufin kafa jamhuriyar Boer. Zulu, sun san karfin soja da muradun yankin Voortrekkers, suna kallon kasancewarsu a matsayin barazana ga diyaucinsu. Wannan tashin hankalin ya haifar da tattaunawar da ta kai ga kisan kiyashi.
Tattaunawar Retief-Dingane
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Oktoba 1837, Retief ya sadu da Dingane a uMgungundlovu don yin shawarwari game da haƙƙin ƙasa a kudancin kogin Tugela . Majiyar Voortrekker ta ce Dingane ya amince ya ba da fili idan Retief ya kwato shanun da Sekonyela, shugaban Batlokoa ya sace.[6] Jam'iyyar Retief ta dawo da shanun kuma ta dawo ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 1838. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Dingane ya gayyaci Retief da kusan maza 70 zuwa wani raye-raye, yana neman su bar makamansu a waje a matsayin alamar amana.
Asusun Voortrekker, gami da diary na Anna Steenkamp da tarin GS Preller, sun bayyana hakan a matsayin yaudara da gangan, suna zargin Dingane ya yi amfani da kwato shanu a matsayin hujja don kwance damara da kuma kashe ƙungiyar Retief, wanda ya zama cin amana da aka ƙididdigewa. Tarihin farko na George McCall Theal da majiyoyin Biritaniya, kamar *The Westminster Review*, sun goyi bayan wannan, lura da gayyatar Dingane a matsayin yaudarar dabara. [7] Saɓanin haka, al'adun baka na Zulu, kamar yadda Carolyn Hamilton da Shalo Mbatha suka rubuta, sun tsara kisan a matsayin martanin kariya ga faɗaɗa Voortrekker, wanda ke barazana ga ikon Zulu. John Labad ya ba da shawarar ayyukan Dingane sun haifar da matsin lamba na ciki, gami da hamayya da Mpande, da buƙatar tabbatar da iko akan barazanar waje. Norman Etherington yayi jayayya cewa yayin da dabarar kwance damara ke ba da tabbaci ga da'awar cin amana, babban dalilin Dingane shine ya kiyaye 'yancin kai na Zulu. [8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Thompson, Leonard (2001). A History of South Africa. Yale University Press. pp. 86–89. ISBN 978-0-300-08776-5.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Voortrekker". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2025-05-25.
- ↑ Laband, John (2014). Zulu Warriors: The Battle for the South African Frontier. Yale University Press. pp. 55–58. ISBN 978-0-300-18031-2.
- ↑ Binckes, Robin (2014). The Great Trek Uncut. Pinetown: 30° South Publishers. pp. 327–337. ISBN 978-1-920143-68-8.
- ↑ Steenkamp, Anna (1838). "Diary of Anna Steenkamp". Voortrekker Museum Archives. Retrieved 2025-05-25.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Johnston, Harry Hamilton (1910). Britain Across the Seas: Africa. London: National Society's Depository. p. 111.
- ↑ "The Boers and the Zulus". The Westminster Review. 89: 408. 1868.
- ↑ "The Zulu War". MacMillan's Magazine. 22: 74. 1870.