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Kishin ƙasa na Oromo

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Tutar Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Oromo

Kishin ƙasa na Oromo ( Oromo : Oromummaa ) kishin Ƙabilanci ne da ke ba da ra'ayin son kai na al'ummar Oromo a ƙasar Habasha da Kenya . Da yawa daga cikin jiga-jigan al'ummar Oromo, masana da shuwagabannin siyasa sun yi gwagwarmaya don samar da 'yantacciyar kasar Oromiya a tsawon karni na 19th da na 20th, tun farkon mulkin mallaka na Abyssiniya karkashin Sarki Menelik na biyu . Har yanzu dai ba a cimma matsaya ba dangane da dalilan irin wannan kishin ƙasa, ko ‘yan ƙabilar Oromo sun ‘yantar da kansu domin kafa ƙasa ƙasa ko kuma su ba da damar cin gashin kansu a tarayyar Habasha.

Ana kallon kishin kasa ta Oromo a matsayin kishiyar kishin kasar Habasha kamar wata nau'ikan kabilanci, waɗanda ke goyon bayan kishin kasa da kuma kishin Habasha. Ana kuma zargin ta da haddasa rigingimu iri-iri a cikin ƙasar Habasha da kuma kara nuna kyama ga ƙabilar Igbo . [1]

Ra'ayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Haɓaka kishin ƙasa na Oromo ya fara ne biyo bayan turjiya da mamayar dakarun sojojin Abyssiniya a ƙarƙashin sarki Menelik na biyu a ƙarshen karni na 19th, lokacin da yawancin masanan Oromo da masu juyin juya hali suka yi ƙoƙarin yin gwagwarmayar neman shugabanci na tsakiya. Kishin ƙabilanci na Oromo ya sanya akasin kishin kasar Habasha, ta hanyar da'awar Habashawa suna ɗaukar mutane ba wayewa ko tarihi ba. Oromo ita ce ƙabila mafi girma a Habasha wacce ta ƙunshi kusan kaso 40% na al'ummar ƙasar Habasha. [2] A tarihi, ana kiran su " galla " a cikin littattafai daban-daban na wallafin Habasha kuma sun fara ƙaura na Oromo, wayewar Oromo ta yi ƙoƙari ga mamayar Habasha, ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin tallafi (guddifachaa) mulkin dimokuradiyya (tsarin gadaa ).

Ana kallon kishin kasa na Oromo a matsayin wani lamari na baya-bayan nan kuma ya kasance abun cece-kuce a tsakanin jiga-jigan Oromo. Wannan ya bambanta tsakanin 'yancin kai na Oromo da samar da 'yancin kai na Oromia a cikin dokar tarayya ta ƙasar Habasha. A kodayaushe jiga-jigan Oromo da masu kishin ƙasa suna kallon al'ummar Oromo a matsayin "azzaluman mutane" da mulkin mallaka na Habasha suka yi, sun ba da shawarar a cikin bincikensu cewa Oromia da Habasha suna da alaƙa da juna, suna ganin ya kamata a halaka daya yayin da ɗaya ya girma. Gemechu Megersa ya ce "Akwai babbar matsala daya ce ga Habasha ita ce Oromia, kuma akwai babbar matsala ga Oromia, ita ce Habasha ". [3]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A lokacin da ƙasar Italiya ta mamaye Habasha, sarakunan Oromo sun goyi bayan Italiya suna fatan yin amfani da ikonsu da kuma amfani da damar su dawo da filayensu. Italiyanci nada su a matsayin gwamnonin ƙasashensu na da. A cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da talatin da biyar 1935, Raya Azeboos Oromos sun kai hari ga sojojin Abyssiniya a lokacin yakin Maychew . Har ila yau, a cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da talatin da shida 1936, Oromos a Jimma sun kori jami'an Amharas don bijirewa mulkin mallaka. Don haka, sarakunan Oromo na yammacin ƙasar Habasha sun ayyana jihar Oromia mai cin gashin kanta mai suna Western Oromo Confederation (WOC), tare da bayyana kasa ta wajaba ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin Italiya a shekarar alif ɗari tara da arba'in da ɗaya 1941 kuma Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie ya dawo, Oromos sun yi adawa da mulkin Abyssiniya kuma suka fara tawaye ga sarakunan Shewa Amharan. Duk da haka, ba a ambata irin waɗannan abubuwan a cikin tarihin ƙasar Habasha ba. [4] [5]

A shekarar alif dari tara da saba'in da uku 1973, dan kabilar Oromo ya kafa ƙungiyar yancin Oromo (OLF) da reshenta, kungiyar ‘yan tawayen Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) domin yakar zalunci a lokacin mulkin Haile Selassie. [6] A lokacin mulkin Dergi, OLF ta yi yaki da gwamnatin Derg don samar da ƙasar Oromia. Ko da yake OLF ta ware tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi irin su Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia (IFLO) da Oromo People's Liberation Front (OPLF), sun sami damar yin tsari zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kamar dangi da ƙauyuka. [7] [8] Rikicin Oromo ya ci gaba a ƙarshen yakin basasar Habasha da hawan gwamnatin EPRDF a shekarar 1991. [9] Wani lokaci sukan haɗa kai amma sun yi tawaye ga EPRDF don samun yancin kai. [10] Misali, kungiyar OLF ta yi wani ƙaramin yakin neman zabe a yankin kudancin Habasha domin kwato kabilar Oromo da ke yankin daga hannun gwamnatin tsakiya, yayin da IFLO da OPDO suka koma ga kawancen gwamnati. Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin ƙungiyoyin, musamman OLF da IFLO. A cikin watan Yulin shekara ta 2000, ƙungiyoyin biyu sun cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, amma hakan ba zai iya rage ɓangarorin da aka yi a baya ba, musamman tsakanin mambobin OPDO da Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM), da kuma ƙungiyoyin siyasar Oromo da dama. 'Yan ƙabilar Oromo sun gudanar da ƙananun zanga-zanga don nuna wakilcin su a dukkan jami'o'in ƙasar Habasha. [11] Gwamnatin Tigrai ta yi la'akari da Oromos a matsayin babbar barazana ga ikon su kuma ta tsananta musu a lokuta daban-daban. [12]

Tun lokacin da Abiy Ahmed ya karbi mulki a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018, yawancin masu ra'ayin Oromo masu tsatsauran ra'ayi sun kai masa hari saboda aikinsa na "wakilin neftenya " da lalata mazabar Oromia. [13] 'Yan siyasa irinsu Jawar Mohammed sun bayyana cewa EPRDF ce kawai za ta iya ceto Habasha daga wargajewa saboda tana aiwatar da tsarin dakarun soja da 'yan sanda da kuma tsarin mulki. Ya ce kungiyoyin ‘yan adawa ba su da wani iko a lokacin mika mulki. A wani bangaren kuma, dan fafutuka Eskinder Negga da Bekele Gerba na da wani ra'ayi. Eskinder, ɗan kishin ƙasar Habasha, ya goyi bayan gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya, ko da yake Bekele zai fi son gudanar da rikon kwarya karkashin Lemma Megesa.[ abubuwan da ake buƙata ]

  1. ↑ "Ethiopia is treading a political tightrope as its unresolved ethnic tensions erupt in violence again". Quartz (in Turanci). 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  2. ↑ "OROMO NATIONALISM AND THE ETHIOPIAN DISCOURSE" (PDF). 17 July 2023.
  3. ↑ Moges, Zola (2022-08-24). "Oromo nationalism should cross the river of resentment". Ethiopia Insight (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  4. ↑ Gebissa, Ezekiel (2002). "The Italian Invasion, the Ethiopian Empire, and Oromo Nationalism: The Significance of the Western Oromo Confederation of 1936". Northeast African Studies. 9 (3): 75–96. doi:10.1353/nas.2007.0011. ISSN 1535-6574.
  5. ↑ "Systematic Oppression in Ethiopia". Omna Tigray (in Turanci). 2022-11-11. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  6. ↑ Jalata, Asafa (2022-07-20). "'Ethiopia's other conflict': what's driving the violence in Oromia?". The Conversation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  7. ↑ Hassen, Mohammed (2002). "Conquest, Tyranny, and Ethnocide against the Oromo: A Historical Assessment of Human Rights Conditions in Ethiopia, ca. 1880s-2002". Northeast African Studies. 9 (3): 15–49. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931279.
  8. ↑ Tronvoll, Kjetil (2022). "The Anatomy of Ethiopia's Civil War". Current History. University of California Press. 121 (835): 163–169. doi:10.1525/curh.2022.121.835.163. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  9. ↑ Jalata, Asafa (1993). "Ethiopia and Ethnic Politics: The Case of Oromo Nationalism". Dialectical Anthropology. 18 (3/4): 381–402. ISSN 0304-4092. JSTOR 29790544.
  10. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Ethiopia: Information on the Oromo Liberation United Front". Refworld (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  11. ↑ "Ethnicity, Economic Conditions, and Opposition Support". 17 July 2023.
  12. ↑ Magana, Professor Tony (2022-01-31). "The world should listen to the long oppressed Oromia - Professor Tony Magaña" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-17.[permanent dead link]
  13. ↑ Moges, Zola (2022-08-24). "Oromo nationalism should cross the river of resentment". Ethiopia Insight (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-17.
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