Kitasato Shibasaburō

Kitasato Shibasaburō
member of the House of Peers (en)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Oguni (en) , 29 ga Janairu, 1853
ƙasa	Japan
Harshen uwa	Harshen Japan
Mutuwa	Tōkyō (mul) , 13 ga Yuni, 1931
Makwanci	Aoyama Cemetery (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	University of Tokyo (en)
Matakin karatu	Doctor of Medical Science (en)
Thesis director	Robert Koch (mul)
Dalibin daktanci	Emil von Behring (mul)
Harsuna	Harshen Japan
Ɗalibai	view Kiyoshi Shiga (en) Liu Ching-Kan (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	Farfesa, likita, bacteriologist (en) , ɗan siyasa da immunologist (en)
Wurin aiki	Tōkyō (mul) da Berlin
Employers	Keio University (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Order of the Rising Sun, 1st class Foreign Member of the Royal Society  (4 ga Yuni, 1908) Order of the Paulownia Flowers Showa Enthronement Commemorative Medal Commander of the Legion of Honour
Ayyanawa daga	gani [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (en) ]] (1901)
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa	Robert Koch (mul)
Mamba	The Royal Society (mul) German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (en) Japan Academy (en)

Baron Kitasato Shibasaburō likitan Jafananci ne kuma likitan ƙwayoyin cuta . Ana tunawa da shi a matsayin mai gano cutar bubonic annoba a Hong Kong lokacin barkewar cutar a cikin 1894, kusan lokaci guda tare da Alexandre Yersin .

An zaɓi Kitasato don kyautar Nobel ta farko ta shekara-shekara a fannin Physiology ko Medicine a shekarar 1901. Kitasato da Emil von Behring, suna aiki tare a Berlin a shekarar 1890, sun sanar da gano maganin diphtheria na maganin guba. An ba Von Behring kyautar Nobel ta 1901 saboda wannan aikin, amma ba a ba Kitasato ba.

Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Kitasato a ƙauyen Okuni, Lardin Higo, ( Garin Oguni na yanzu, Gundumar Kumamoto, Kyūshū ), ɗan Kitasato Korenobu, wani hakimin ƙauye, da Tei, 'yar samurai . Iyayensa suna da tsauri game da iliminsa kuma sun tura shi gidan wani dangi kuma sun nemi horo mai tsauri. An ce ya gaji halayensa na shugabanci daga mahaifiyarsa. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Likitanci ta Kumamoto kuma ya kasance magajin Jami'ar Imperial ta Tokyo .

Ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Robert Koch a Jami'ar Berlin daga 1885 zuwa 1891. A shekarar 1889, ya zama mutum na farko da ya shuka ƙwayar tetanus a cikin al'adar tsarki, kuma a shekarar 1890 ya yi aiki tare da Emil von Behring wajen ƙirƙirar maganin tausan tetanus ta amfani da wannan al'adar tsantsa. Ya kuma yi aiki kan magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na diphtheria da anthrax . Kitasato da Behring sun nuna muhimmancin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta wajen hana cututtuka ta hanyar haifar da rigakafi ga tetanus a cikin dabbar da ta sami allurar jini daga wata dabba da ta kamu da cutar. Binciken Kitasato kan cutar tetanus da aikin von Behring kan cutar diphtheria ya haifar da fannin maganin serotherapy, wanda ya amfanar da mutane da yawa a duk duniya.

Bayan ya dawo Japan a shekarar 1891, ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa tare da taimakon Fukuzawa Yukichi . Ɗaya daga cikin mataimakansa na farko shine August von Wassermann . Kitasato ya nuna yadda za a iya amfani da al'adun da suka mutu a cikin allurar rigakafi . Ya kuma yi nazarin yanayin kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka .

Ya yi tafiya zuwa Hong Kong a shekarar 1894 bisa buƙatar gwamnatin Japan a lokacin barkewar annobar bubonic, kuma ya gano wata ƙwayar cuta da ya yanke shawarar cewa ita ce ke haifar da cutar. Yersin, yana aiki daban, ya sami wannan ƙwayar cuta kwanaki da yawa bayan haka. Saboda rahotannin farko na Kitasato ba su da tabbas kuma sun ɗan saba wa juna, kuma rahotannin daga baya sun nuna cewa ba daidai ba ne, wasu masana tarihi na kimiyya sun ba Yersin yabo kawai kan gano cutar; yayin da wasu ke ba da shawarar a yi amfani da su wajen tantance cutar. Duk da haka, cikakken bincike kan yanayin halittar da Kitasato ta gano ta hanyar masana kimiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta ya tabbatar da cewa duk da cewa samfuransa sun kamu da cutar pneumococci daga baya, wanda ya haifar da rahotannin da suka saba wa juna daga dakin gwaje-gwajensa, akwai "ƙananan shakku cewa Kitasato ya ware, ya yi nazari, kuma ya siffanta cutar bacillus a Hong Kong" kuma "bai kamata a hana shi wannan darajar ba". Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Kitasato da ɗalibinsa Shiga Kiyoshi sun sami damar ware kuma su bayyana kwayar halittar da ke haifar da ciwon mara .

Bayan aikinsa kan Annobar Bubonic a Hong Kong, Kitasato ya ci gaba da aikinsa kan cututtuka masu yaduwa ta hanyar bincike kan annobar da ta shafi yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Asiya, kuma a shekarar 1909, ya gabatar da wani takarda kan cutar tarin fuka a Turai. [1] A shekarar 1911, Kitasato ya sami kansa a Manchuria a tsakiyar ɗaya daga cikin manyan annobar da ta shafi huhu, yana nazarin rigakafinta, [2] domin ya yi imanin cewa manufarsa ita ce ya binciki kimiyyar da ke bayan lafiyar jama'a da kuma samar da ci gaba a wannan fanni. [3]

Asibitin Jami'ar Kitasato

Lokacin da aka haɗa Cibiyar Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa cikin Jami'ar Imperial ta Tokyo a shekarar 1914, ya yi murabus don nuna rashin amincewa ya kafa Cibiyar Kitasato (wacce ta fara Jami'ar Kitasato ), wadda ya jagoranta har tsawon rayuwarsa. Yayin da Kitasato ke ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan sabuwar cibiyar, ya kuma kafa sabuwar cibiyar likitanci, tare da haɗin gwiwar Fukuzawa Yukichi, wadda tun daga lokacin ta zama cibiyar koyar da likitanci a Japan.

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1921, Kitasato ta kafa kamfanin Sekisen Ken-onki tare da wasu masana kimiyyar likitanci, da nufin kera mafi ingancin ma'aunin zafi na asibiti. Daga baya aka sake wa kamfanin suna Terumo Corporation .

Kitasato shi ne shugaban farko na likitanci a Jami'ar Keio, shugaban farko na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Japan, kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawa . An ba shi lambar yabo ta danshaku ( baron ) a tsarin peerage na Kazoku a watan Fabrairun 1924. Duk da cewa Kitasato ya sauya daga nazarin cututtuka zuwa siyasa da taruka, ya ci gaba da inganta aikinsa kan tarin fuka har zuwa mutuwarsa kuma ya ba da gudummawa mai yawa a fannin lafiyar jama'a.

An zaɓi Kitasato a matsayin memba na Ƙasashen Duniya na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a shekarar 1914.

Kitasato Shibasaburō ya mutu sakamakon zubar jini a cikin kwanyarsa a gidansa da ke Azabu, Tokyo, a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1931. Kabarinsa yana Makabartar Aoyama da ke Tokyo.

Hoton Kitasato akan takardar kuɗi ta yen 1,000

An ƙawata hotonsa a kan sabuwar takardar kuɗi ta yen 1,000 da aka fitar a watan Yulin 2024.

Duba kuma

• Kwalbar Kitasato, gilashin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka sanya masa suna don girmama shi
• Kitasatospora, asalin halittar Actinobacteria mai suna Kitasato Shibasaburō
• Satoshi Ōmura