Kofar ambaliya

Kofar ambaliya
machine (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	obstacle (en) da hydraulic structure (en)

  

Ruwan ruwa na Tokyo da aka kirkira don karewa daga guguwa

Ruwa ruwa, wanda kuma ake kira da ƙofofin tsayawa, ƙofofin daidaitawa ne da ake amfani da su don sarrafa kwararar ruwa a cikin shingen ambaliyar ruwa, tafkin, kogin, rafi, ko tsarin dam. Ana iya tsara su don saita tsawo a cikin madatsar ruwa, don daidaita yawan kwararar ruwa a cikin sluices da canals, ko kuma ana iya tsara su ne don dakatar da kwararar ruwan gaba ɗaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na dam ko tsarin guguwa. Tunda yawancin waɗannan na'urorin suna aiki ta hanyar sarrafa girman ruwa da ake adanawa ko turawa, an kuma san su da ƙofofin ƙofar.

Game da tsarin wucewa na ambaliyar ruwa, ana amfani da ƙofofin ambaliyar a wasu lokuta don rage matakan ruwa a cikin babban kogi ko tashoshin tashar ta hanyar ba da damar ƙarin ruwa ya gudana cikin hanyar wucewa ta ambaliyar ambaliyar ko tafkin tsarewa lokacin da babban kogi yo tashar ke gabatowa matakin ambaliyar.

Ƙofofin Bulkhead bangon tsaye ne tare da sassan da za a iya motsawa, ko sake motsawa. Za'a iya ɗaga sassan da za a iya motsawa don ba da izinin ruwa ya wuce a ƙarƙashin (kamar yadda yake a Ƙofar ƙofar) da kuma saman tsarin. A tarihi, waɗannan ƙofofin sun yi amfani da katako da aka sani da stoplogs ko bangarorin katako da ake kira flashboards don saita tsawo na madatsar ruwan. Wasu ambaliyar da aka sani da cutures a cikin manyan tsarin ruwa suna zamewa a gefe don buɗewa don zirga-zirga daban-daban. Hakanan ana iya yin ƙofofin bulkhead da wasu kayan kuma ana amfani da su azaman ɗayan bulkhead guda ɗaya. Ana amfani da ƙofofin mita a cikin ƙofofin jirgin ruwa kuma yawanci suna rufewa a kusurwar 18 ° don kusantar kusurwa.	Ƙofar ƙofar a kan tashar HarranHanyar Harran	Ƙofar bango na ambaliyar ruwa a Harlan, Kentucky
Ƙofofin ƙuƙwalwa, sassan bango ne waɗanda ke juyawa daga tsaye zuwa kwance, don haka suna canza tsawo na madatsar ruwan. Gabaɗaya ana sarrafa su da ƙarfin hydraulic, kodayake wasu ba su da amfani kuma ana amfani da su ta hanyar ruwa da aka hana su. Bambance-bambance: ƙofar flap kifi-belly ƙofar flip Bascule ƙofar Pelican ƙofar flap ƙofofin flap na ciki da kifi Ƙofofin Bascule Ƙofofin Pelican	Sojojin Injiniyoyin Amurka sun haɗa da ƙofar ƙuƙwalwa yayin shigarwa	Ƙofofin ciki na kifi a madatsar ruwa ta Scrivener, Canberra
Ƙofofin radial ƙofofin juyawa ne waɗanda suka ƙunshi sassan cylindrical. Suna iya juyawa tsaye ko a kwance. Ƙofofin Tainter ƙirar tsaye ce wacce ke juyawa don ba da damar ruwa ya wuce ƙasa. Ƙananan ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa, tare da siffar fuska wanda ke daidaita ƙarfin hydrostatic, yana ba da damar wannan ƙirar ta rufe ƙarƙashin nauyinta a matsayin fasalin aminci.	Hoton Ƙofar Tainter	Ƙofofin Tainter da kuma zubar da ruwa
Ƙofofin Drum sune sassan ƙofar da ke iyo a kan ruwa. Ana sanya su don juyawa sama ko ƙasa. Ana ba da izinin ruwa a cikin ko daga cikin ɗakin flotation don daidaita tsawo na madatsar ruwan.	Ana sarrafa ƙofofin drum tare da bawul.	Ƙofofin drum a kan madatsar ruwa
Ƙofofin Roller manyan cylinders ne waɗanda ke motsawa a cikin rami mai kusurwa. Ana ɗaga su da sarkar kuma suna da ƙirar ƙira wanda ke hulɗa da ramin su. Ƙofofin Clamshell suna da ƙirar ganye na clamshell na waje.	Ƙofar ƙofa a kan Mississippi.	Clamshell ambaliyar ruwa a madatsar ruwan Arrowrock .
Fusegates wata hanyar da aka tsara don samar da sarrafawa na ruwa a yayin ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Zane ya kunshi tubalan tsaye kyauta (fusegates) da aka saita gefe da gefe a kan shimfiɗa mai laushi. Ginin Fusegate yana aiki ne a matsayin madaidaiciyar weir mafi yawan lokuta, amma a cikin yanayin ambaliyar ruwa an tsara su don rushewa gaba, suna ba da damar sarrafa fitar da ruwa. Ana saita fusegates da yawa a gefe da gefe, tare da kowane fusegate da aka tsara don saki a ƙarƙashin ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani, don haka rage tasirin ambaliyar a kan kogi. François Lempérière ne ya kirkiro tsarin kuma ya ba da izini ga Hydroplus (Paris, Faransa), reshe na GTM Entrepose. An shigar da shi a kan madatsun ruwa sama da 50 a duniya tare da girman daga 1 m zuwa sama da 9 m a tsawo. Ana amfani da Fusegate don ƙara ƙarfin ajiya na madatsun ruwa na yanzu ko don kara yiwuwar fitarwa na ƙananan hanyoyin ruwa.	Hoton fusegate na al'ada	Fusegate a cikin Terminus Dam - Lake KaweahTafkin Kaweah
Ƙofofin Mitre

Valves

Ragewa daga bawul ɗin Howell-Bunger

Valves da aka yi amfani da su a aikace-aikacen floodgate suna da buƙatun ƙira iri-iri kuma yawanci suna a gindin madatsun ruwa. Sau da yawa, mafi mahimmancin abin da ake buƙata (ba tare da daidaita kwararar ba) shine ɓarkewar makamashi. Tun da ruwa yana da nauyi sosai, yana fita daga tushe na madatsar ruwa tare da babbar ƙarfin ruwa da ke turawa daga sama. Sai dai idan wannan makamashi ya ɓace, kwararar na iya lalata dutse da ƙasa da ke kusa da ita kuma lalata gine-gine.

Other design requirements include taking into account pressure head operation, the flow rate, whether the valve operates above or below water, and the regulation of precision and cost.

• Kafaffen bawul ɗin mazugi an ƙera su don ɓatar da kuzari daga kwararar ruwa yayin fitar da tafki.  Su ne sashin bututu mai zagaye tare da ƙofar hannun riga mai daidaitacce da mazugi a ƙarshen fitarwa.  Gudun ruwa yana bambanta ta hanyar matsar da hannun riga ko zuwa wurin zama na mazugi.  Zane-zanen ya ba da damar fitar da ruwa mai matsa lamba daga gindin dam ba tare da haifar da zazzagewa ga muhallin da ke kewaye ba.  Kafaffen bawul ɗin mazugi suna iya ɗaukar kawunan kai har zuwa mita 300..
• Valves na jet mai zurfi wani nau'in bawul ne na allura wanda aka yi amfani da shi don fitar da floodgate. Wani kwano da wurin zama suna cikin bututu. Ruwa yana gudana ta hanyar rata tsakanin bututu da ƙuƙwalwa lokacin da aka motsa shi zuwa ƙasa, daga wurin zama. Ribs suna tallafawa taron kwararan fitila da samar da iska don daidaita jirgin ruwa.
• Ring jet valves suna kama da madaidaiciyar bawul din cone, amma suna da wani ma'auni mai mahimmanci wanda ke fitar da ruwa a cikin wani karamin rafi. Sun dace da kawuna har zuwa mita 50.
• Jet kwarara gate, kama da gate bawul amma tare da wani conical ƙuntatawa kafin ƙofar leaf wanda mayar da hankali ga ruwa a cikin jet. An haɓaka su a cikin shekarun 1940 ta Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka don ba da damar sarrafawa mai kyau na kwararar fitarwa ba tare da cavitation da aka gani a cikin bawul ɗin ƙofar yau da kullun ba. Ƙofofin jet suna iya ɗaukar kawuna har zuwa 150 m.

Ilimin lissafi

Ruwan ruwa da aka bude a Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Merikoski a Oulu, Finland

Za'a iya lissafin ƙarfin a kan ƙofar ambaliyar rectangular ta hanyar lissafi mai zuwa:

$\ F=pA$

Idan ƙofar ambaliya mai siffar rectangular ta nutse ƙasa da ƙasa za a iya amfani da ma'auni ɗaya amma tsayin daka daga saman ruwa zuwa tsakiyar ƙofar dole ne a yi amfani da shi don ƙididdige ƙarfin da ke kan ƙofar.

Dubi kuma

• Shingen ambaliyar ruwa
• Gudanar da ambaliyar ruwa
• Ruwa mai ruwa
• Rufewar tashar
• Shingen Thames
• Ayyukan Delta
  • Gudanar da Kasuwanci