Kogin Atbarah
| Kogin Atbarah | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Tsawo | 1,120 km |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 12°25′17″N 37°05′07″E / 12.42131°N 37.08528°E |
| Kasa | Habasha da Sudan |
Hydrography (en)  | |
| Tributary (en) | |
| Watershed area (en) | 4 km² |
| Ruwan ruwa | Nile Basin |
| River mouth (en) | Nil |
Kogin Atbarah ( Arabic ; an fassara shi : Nahr 'Atbarah), wanda kuma ake kira da Red Nile da/ko Black Nile, kogi ne a arewa maso gabashin Afirka . Yana tashi a arewa maso yammacin Habasha, kimanin 50 kilomita arewa da tafkin Tana da kuma kilomita 30 kilomita yamma da Gondar . Sannan yana kwarara kimanin kilomita 805 kilomita (500) mi) zuwa Kogin Nilu a arewacin tsakiyar Sudan, tare da shi a birnin Atbarah (
A mafi yawan lokutan shekara, ba komai ba ne illa rafi. Duk da haka, a lokacin damina (galibi daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba), Atbarah yana tashi da kusan digiri 18. ƙafa (mita 5) sama da matakin da aka saba. A wannan lokacin, yana samar da shinge mai ƙarfi tsakanin gundumomin arewa da tsakiya na Yankin Amhara na Habasha. Baya ga Tekezé, wasu muhimman magudanan ruwa na Atbarah sun haɗa da Kogin Shinfa wanda ke tashi a yammacin Tafkin Tana, da kuma Babban Angereb wanda tushensa ke arewacin birnin Gondar .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An ambaci Atbarah da ya fi daɗewa a tarihi ta Strabo (16.4.8), wanda ya kira kogin Astaboras ( Greek ). Sauran tsoffin marubutan da suka ambaci sunan sun haɗa da Agatharchides, waɗanda suka kira shi Astabaras ( Greek ), [1] da Ptolemy ( Geography 4.7). [2] Richard Pankhurst da wasu sun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a fahimci sunan a matsayin "Kogin mutanen Boras", inda asta za a iya danganta shi da "ruwa" na Proto- Nubian asti, [1] yayin da -boras za a iya danganta shi da wasu maganganu na Romawa game da wata ƙabila mai suna Bora (Bera), wacce ke zaune kusa da Meroe, da wata ƙabila mai suna Megabares ( Greek a cikin Eratosthenes da Strabo, Latin a cikin Pliny the Elder ). [1] Pliny the Elder ya ba da ɗan bambancin ma'anar Astaboras, yana mai cewa "a cikin harshen mutanen yankin" sunan yana nufin "ruwa yana fitowa daga inuwar da ke ƙasa" ( NH 5.10).
A watan Afrilun 1898, an yi wani babban yaƙi a gefen kogin a lokacin mamayar Anglo-Masar a Sudan tsakanin 1896-1899 tsakanin sojojin Mahdist da rundunar Anglo-Masar ƙarƙashin jagorancin Lord Kitchener, wanda ya haifar da lalata rundunar Mahdist mai ƙarfi 20,000. [3]
A shekarar 1964, an rufe kogin da madatsar ruwa ta Khashm el-Girba kusa da Kassala a Sudan domin samar da ban ruwa ga sabon garin Halfa Dughaym da aka gina a wani yanki mai busasshiyar hanya da kuma sake tsugunar da al'ummar Sudan da madatsar ruwa ta Aswan (Sad al-Aali) ta kora a Masar, wanda ya mamaye mutane 500. kilomita na kwarin Nilu a kudancin Masar da arewacin Sudan. [4]
Gina aikin madatsun ruwa na tagwaye na dala biliyan 1.9 kimanin shekaru 20 kilomita daga mahadar kogunan Upper Atbara da Setit, madatsun ruwan Rumela da Burdana, sun fara ne a shekarar 2011 kuma Shugaba Omar al-Bashir ne ya kaddamar da su a watan Fabrairun 2017. [5]
Ilimin Ruwa da Ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsakaicin kwararar ruwa na Atbarah na wata-wata (1912 – 1982) ya kai kimanin 25 km daga bakinsa, an auna shi da m 3 / s: [6]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "rilly". - ↑ "LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.
- ↑ Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.